I-Discography kubantwana abaselula: ukulungiswa, ukuzivocavoca, ukuthintela, ukuthintela

Abafundi bezikolo zaseprayimari bahlala bexhatshazwa ngonyango lweentetho - utywala. Kubonakala ngezinye iintlobo zokwephulwa kweleta: abantwana babhala njengoko besithi, baphoswe iileta, batshintshe ukuphela. Enyanisweni, le ngxaki enkulu. Ukuba awuyi kuphulaphula isisombululo sakho, umntwana unokuhlakulela ubunzima obuphantsi. Oontanga esikolweni baya kumgculela, oko kuya kubakho ukulahlekelwa yithemba kwizakhono zabo. Ngoko ke, i-discography yabafundi abancinci (ukulungiswa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokukhuselwa kuya kuboniswa ngezantsi) kufuneka ibe yinto ebalulekileyo yengxoxo phakathi kwabazali.

Izizathu zokubonakala

Iingcali zenzululwazi zingabonakali izizathu ezichanekileyo zokuba kutheni lesi sifo. Lo mbandela awuqondwanga ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ezininzi iingcali ziyavuma ukuba isiseko sokuphuhliswa kwesifo sisifo. Izizathu ze-discography yabafundi abasebancinci:

1. Heredity. Njengoko sele kuphawuliwe, esi sizathu esibalulekileyo sokubonakala kwesifo. Abantwana bathabatha kubazali babo ukungahlanjululwa kwengqondo kumasebe athile. Ngenxa yoko, kukho ukulibaziseka ekuphuhlisweni kwemisebenzi ethile.
2. Imithombo esebenzayo. Apha sithetha izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo zomzimba. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kukho ukuphulwa kwentuthuko yentetho yengqondo, kwaye umntwana naye ulahlekelwa ukukwazi ukufunda nokubhala. Ukulungiswa kwe-dysgraphy, i-dyslexia kubantwana abasebancinci kufuneka bajoliswe ekupheliseni izizathu zokuqala kwesi sifo.
3. Ukungaphuhliswa kwengqondo. Nawuphi na umonakalo okanye umonakalo ungabangela ukuhlaziya. Kwaye umonakalo wengqondo ungenzeka ngenxa ye-pathologies ngexesha lokukhulelwa, i-asphyxia okanye intsholongwane.
4. Impembelelo yoluntu-yengqondo. Kakade, asimele sikhohlwe ngale nto. Esi sifo kubantwana singathuthuka ngenxa yentetho engalunganga yabantu abakujikelezileyo, ukungabikho koqhagamshelwano, kunye nokungalindelekanga ukubhala nokufunda umntwana kubazali.

Iintlobo zesifo sokutshatyalaliswa kwezidangala ebantwaneni besikolo esiprayimari

Ukuzihlalisa iifom zesifo kuya kunceda abazali ngokufanelekileyo basebenzise ukuqeqeshwa okucetyiswa kumayeza okuthetha. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zezi zifo:

1. Acoustic. Le fomu ye-dysgraphia ibonakala njengesiphulo sokuphulwa kwentetho yokuthetha. Oko kukuthi, umntwana akakwazi ukuqonda kakuhle izandi. Ngenxa yoko, ileta iyaxhalaba, abantwana bayaguqula ngokungaqondi iileta ngamagama, kuba bakuva oko. Iimvumi ezifanayo zixutywe kwaye zididekile, umzekelo, b-n, zh, s-sh kunye nabanye. I-acoustic dysgraphy ithonya ukuthotywa kweentononti kwileta ( ithanda - lubit ). Kwakhona umntwana ulahleka iincwadi. Ukulungiswa kwe-acoustic dysgraphy kubantwana abancinci abasesikolweni baqhutyelwa ngoncedo lwezifundo ezijolise ekuphuculeni indawo yokuhlola.
2. Iinqwelo. Le ngxaki ibonakala ngendlela yokungahambi kakuhle kwesandla ngexesha lokubhala. Kule meko, umntwana angenza ezinye izenzo. Ukuphambana nokudibanisa imifanekiso ebonakalayo kunye neyobuqhetseba kubangelwa yinto eyenzekayo kwifomu yemoto yesifo. Ukulungiswa kwe-dysgraphy kubantwana abancinci besikolo kulolu hlobo lujoliswe ekuzaleni ngokugqibeleleyo kwesi sifo. Ngenxa yoko, umntwana uya kubhala ngokuchanekileyo aze abelane nemifanekiso.
3. Optical. Uhlazo lwalolu hlobo lubonakaliswe ukuphulwa kwemisebenzi ebonakalayo. Abantwana abakwazi ukufumana ngokuchanekileyo iileta, ezibonakaliswa ngokubhala kwesibuko, ukufaka endaweni okanye ukuxuba izinto ezahlukeneyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimpawu ezifanayo zihlelwa kwakhona ( m-n ). Ukubonakaliswa kwezi sifo kubhalwe ngecala lesililo ukusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokunene kwi-hand-handers ezineengxaki ezithile zeengqondo. I-discography ye-optical kubantwana abasebancinci (ukulungiswa, ukukhutshwa kwesiqendu) yingxaki ebalulekileyo kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje. Ukukhubazeka kokubonakalayo akuqhelekanga. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuhlawula ngokukhethekileyo kule ngxaki. Iintlobo zokulahla inkunkuma kubantwana abasebancinci bavumela ukuba bachaze unyango kwiimeko ezithile.

Unokuyichaza njani i-discography?

Ukuba abazali bayalitshitshisa ithuba lokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe nge-neurologist okanye i-oculist. Inqanaba lokukhula kwentetho liqinisekisa ubungcali bentetho. Into eyona nto kukukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo ukuba umntwana unesifo se-dysgraphia okanye nje ukungazi ngokungazi imigaqo yokupeliswa.

Uviwo lwabantwana ngenxa yobuninzi bentrafikhi lubandakanya:

• Ukuqinisekiswa kwentetho yomlomo. Ingqwalasela ingakumbi kufuneka ihlawulwe kulo mbandela, ngokukodwa ukubethelwa kwezandi, isigama, ukuchaneka kokwakhiwa kweziphakamiso.
• Ukuphononongwa kwentetho ebhaliweyo. Emva kwesigaba sokuqala, kufuneka uhlolisise ileta. Kule nto, umntwana unikezelwa ukwenza imisebenzi ethile. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kubhalwa kwakhona kwimiyalezo, ukuziphatha kokunyanzeliswa nokufunda ngeencwadi kunye neelwimi. Iziphumo zezi zivivinyo zichonga izinga lokuphuhliswa kwentetho ebhaliweyo.
• Uphando lweengxoxo kunye nombono womntwana. Kwakhona ukukwaziswa kwimeko yolwazi lwezithuthi kunye neentetho.

Ukuthintela ukutshatyalaliswa kwesifo kwidaygraphy ebantwaneni abancinane kubaluleke kakhulu. Imisebenzi yokuchonga esi sifo ingahluka. Indlela eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa ngayo kukuzimisela kwamakhono efonon. Ukuzivocavoca okunjalo kuvumela umntwana ukuba abonise izakhono zabo:

• Ukuhlula isandi esithile ngamagama;
• Khetha imifanekiso enegama eliqala ngesandi esifanayo;
• Phinda ulandelelanise iibllabha eziliqela kumgca utitshala;
• Ukuva ukuthetha okungalunganga nokubonisa iimpazamo.

Ukuba umntwana usemncinci kwaye akaya esikolweni okwamanje, unokukwazi ukuhlakulela idayida. Khangela oku kungenziwa ngokwemizo yomntwana. Abantwana abathanda ukudweba kwaye bavame ukwenza oko, abasenokungabonakali kwesi sifo. Ukuba umntwana akayithandi ukwenza oku, kwaye yonke imifanekiso yakhe iqukethe imigca ephakathi okanye ephazamisayo, kukho ithuba eliphezulu lokuphuhlisa i-dysgraphia.

Izindlela zokulungisa isifo

I-Discography kubantwana abasebancinci (ukulungiswa, ukuzisebenzisa nokunyango kuya kunceda ukujamelana neengxaki) kuyaphuthuma. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba ingxaki ibonakalisiwe, ngokukhawuleza kuyimfuneko ukuqala iklasi. Kwimeko yokuphuhliswa kwesifo kunye nomntwana, kufuneka usebenzise umlomo weengcali kunye neengqondo zeengqondo.

Inkqubo yokulungiswa kwe-dysgraphy kubantwana abancinci abasesikolweni iyanqunywa kuxhomekeke kwisimo sesifo. Abazali bafanele bathathe le ngxaki ngokukodwa kwaye balandele iingcebiso zeengcali. Inketho egqibeleleyo kukudlulisela umntwana kwisikolo sokunyangwa kwentetho, kodwa kungekho kuwo wonke umzi ukhona. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abazali kufuneka bajongane nabantwana ngokwabo.

Ukulungiswa kwe-dysgraphy kubantwana besikolo abancinci kwenziwa ngeendlela ezilandelayo:

• Ukuqhuba iklasi ukuphucula imemori;
• Ukwandiswa kwesigama;
• Ukukhunjulwa kwemigangatho yesipelingi;
• Izabelo ezibhaliweyo zendalo ezahlukeneyo;
• Ukubuyiselwa kobuhlobo ngendlela yokuhlambalalisa, ukuthatha iidalative xa kuyimfuneko.

Amanyathelo okwelashwa

Ukupheliswa kwee-discography kubantwana besikolo abancinci kuqhutywa ngamanyathelo amane:

1. Ukuxilongwa. Lapha kudla imfuneko ukuba ufezekise ulwahlulo oluthile ukujonga izinga elikhoyo legrama. Iziphumo ezifunyenweyo kufuneka zihlaziywe kwaye izigqibo zokuqala zenziwe.
2. Ukulungiselela. Apha baqwalasela ukuphuhliswa kwememori, ukucinga, kunye nezakhono ezincinci zezithuthi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumanisa ukuqonda kobudlelwane bendawo.
3. Ukulungiswa. Ukususela kweli nqanaba, unyango lwezinto ezingekhoyo ezikhoyo ziqala. Yonke imisebenzi ijoliswe kwiinkalo ezintathu: igrammatical, lexical kunye nefonetiki. Injongo kukulungisa ukuphulwa, ukulungelelanisa inkqubo yokubhala nokufunda.
4. U vavanyo. Isinyathelo sokugqibela, apho zonke iziphumo zihlolwe, abazali banikwa iingcebiso zakutsha nje.

Iindlela eziphumelelayo zokulungisa i-dysgraphy

Nazi iindlela ezichanekileyo zokulungiswa kwesi sifo ziya kuqwalaselwa ngokubanzi:

1. Umzekelo wegama. Lo msebenzi ulandelayo: umntwana unikezwa umfanekiso apho into kunye nesicwangciso segama litsalwa. Umsebenzi womfundi kukubiza igama, kwaye ke ukubiza zonke izandi zegama ngokulandelelana. Emva koko isandi ngasinye sihambelana neleta kwaye ubhale igama lonke.
2. Indlela ye-Ebbigauz. Umntwana wesikolo ufumana ishidi ngamagama apho iileta zingashiywanga. Kufuneka afake iileta ezingekhoyo aze abhale kwakhona igama elipheleleyo.
3. Uhlalutyo lwezandi kunye neencwadi. Umntwana unikezwa umfanekiso ngomfanekiso wento ethile. Udinga ukubiza le nto uze ubhale igama. Emva koko faka uxinzelelo, ulwahlule ngamabhalula uze uvakalise ngokuzwakalayo. Isandi ngasinye kufuneka sahlukana kwaye sigxininiswe ngombala ofanelekileyo. Emva koko kufuneka uqhathanise inani labo nenani leencwadi.
4. Ukulungiswa kweephene. Apha, ngamnye ufumana amagama ambalwa ngephutha ngamabomu. Umsebenzi womfundi ukulungisa oku nokubhala kwakhona amagama ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Isifo esiphezulu se-logopedic sisifo se-dysgraphy kubantwana abancinci. Ukulungiswa, iimvavanyo ezithintela unyango, zinikezelwa ingqalelo apha ngezantsi.

Umsebenzi "Sibhala ngokuvakalayo"

Mhlawumbi, le ngenye yeendlela eziphambili kakhulu zokuzivocavoca. Ayikwazi ukutshintshwa nantoni na, isitshixo sithetha ngokubhaliweyo ngokubhaliweyo kunye nokwabiwa kwamaphepha amashishini athathaka. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuthe ngcembe, ngokucacileyo ukubiza nganye ileta. Umzekelo: koro unika kakhulu.

Umsebenzi ujonge ukunyusa izinga lokufunda nokubhala. I-lobes ezityebileyo izandi ezingakhange zenziwe ingqalelo kwiintetho ezikhohlisayo, kwaye zichazwa ngokungalunganga. Ingongoma ebalulekileyo kukubiza igama kuze kube sekupheleni, ukhetho lweziphelo. Abantwana abanengxaki yokulahla i-dysgraphy abanakufanekisa ukubhala igama ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ekupheleni bafaka i-wins, enokuthi ithathwe njengaleta. Nangona kunjalo, inani lala mida alihambelani nenani leencwadi ezimele zibekwe kweli gama.

Ngosizo lo msebenzi, i-discography ye-acoustic ilungiswe kubafundi abasebancinci. Ukuzivocavoca okujolise ekupilweni kwesi sifo kuhlukeneyo. Kodwa eyona siseko kukuba "Sibhala ngokuvakalayo." Kubalulekile ukuba umkhwenkwe umntwana athethe igama ngalinye elibhaliweyo, kwaye ke umphumo awuyi kuthatha ixesha elide ukulinda.

Ukuzivocavoca "Corrector"

Ukufezekisa lo msebenzi uza kuyidinga isicatshulwa esiyingozi okanye incwadi enzima. Ingongoma kukuba umntwana wayengenomdla wokufunda. Imfuno kuphela yileta ezinkulu zokwahlula oko kubhaliweyo. Okokuqala, kufuneka ukhethe i-letters elula (ngokuqhelekileyo isikhombisi), into eyenziwa ngumntwana kwaye engenzi iimpazamo ngokuyibhala, umzekelo "a". Umsebenzi womfundi uya kuba ukufumana ukukhankanywa kweleta kwaye uphume kuyo.

Emva koko kufuneka uqhubele phambili kwisigaba esincomekayo. Unokwandisa inani leencwadi, kuyinqweneleka ukhetho olufanayo ngokubhala, umzekelo "l" kunye "m". Ukuqonda oko kubangela ubunzima kumntwana kulula. Kubalulekile ukufezekisa ukunyanzelisa, kwinkqubo yokubhala apho umfundi uya kwenza iphutha elithile. Ngokusekelwe kwezi mpazamo, kunokwenzeka ukufumanisa ubuthathaka kwigrama.

Ukulungiswa kwe-optical dysgraphy kubafundi abasebancinci baqhutyelwa ngoncedo lo msebenzi. Kusebenza kakuhle, kuba kufuneka uncinci nje kuphela ingqondo, kodwa kunye neenyawo. Kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba umbhalo kufuneka ungabi naluphi na umdla kumntwana. Akufuneki ukufunda, kodwa ukufumana ukubonakala kwileta.

Ukuzivocavoca "Fumana kwaye uchaze"

Ukwenza lo msebenzi, uya kufuna iimpawu ezininzi ezibhalwa ngumntwana. Kumele achaze i-comma nganye kwisigwebo. Ukuba akanalo ulwazi olwaneleyo, kufuneka uxelele umfundi umyalelo. Kulungile, ukuba utitshala uya kufaka umfundi kwisiphendu esifanelekileyo, ngoko uqikelele kwaye angenza isigqibo sakhe.

Ekufezekiseni umsebenzi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba awukwazi ukulayithisa umntwana. Ukususela kumyalelo ngamnye kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibanise izivakalisi ezintlanu okanye ezintandathu. Impendulo echanekileyo kufuneka ivezwe ngamaxesha amaninzi. Ngokomzekelo, i-comma phakathi kwegama elithi "ilanga" kunye nesigamazwi "thina" sihlula iinxalenye zesigwebo esisigxina. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba emva komyalelo ngamnye, kubalulekile ukusebenza kwiiphene.

Esi sikhokelo salo msebenzi, ukulungiswa kwe-acoustic discography kubantwana abasebancinci bafunda esikolweni. Ukuzivocavoca "Fumana uze uchaze" kwaye "Bhala ngokuvakalayo" yiyona ndlela iphumelele ukuxazulula le ngxaki.

Imisebenzi "iLabyrrin" kunye "Fumana incwadi ebhaliweyo"

Ezi zihlandlo ezimbini zithandwa kakhulu, kwaye abaninzi abazali bawasebenzisa ekuphuhliseni ubuchule bomntwana. Ziluncedo ekulungiseni i-dysgraphy.

"I-Labyrinth" ihlakulela ngokugqibeleleyo izakhono ezinkulu zezithuthi zabantwana. Okwangoku, kukho inqwaba yeqoqo ehlukileyo, apho unokufumana iipuzzle ezinkulu. I-Labyrinths iyakuboniswa ngabazali ngokwabo. Umsebenzi oyintloko womntwana ukulandelelana ngomnwe okanye umphathi ukususela ekuqaleni kwezinto ezinzima ukufikelela ekupheleni. Umbutho wokuthintela nokulungiswa kwe-dysgraphy kubantwana abancinci abasesikolweni banokusekelwe kulo msebenzi. Lona lilula kakhulu kwaye liphela.

Ukuzivocavoca "Fumana incwadi ebhaliweyo" ijolise ekuphuhliseni ukunyaniseka kwabantwana. Ukwenza oku, udinga umxholo wenkcazelo, apho yonke into isendaweni yayo. Emva koko, kwinqaku efanayo, kufuneka ususe iileta, ushiye ikhefu endaweni yawo. Umsebenzi womfundi ukuzalisa izinto ezingekhoyo. Musa ukususa umxholo wombhalo, kuba umntwana ufuna ukusekelwe kwinto ethile.

Xa ufuna uphando, umntu makangacinga ukuba kufuneka umdlale umfundi. Kule meko, lo msebenzi uza kuba ngumdlalo. Kungekudala, uphuhliso lwe-dysgraphy phakathi kwabafundi abasebancinci bekhulile. Ukulungiswa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokukhuselwa kwesi sifo kuyimfuneko nje ukukhusela umntwana kwimiphumo emibi.

Ukulungiswa kokubhala ngesandla

Inyaniso kukuba ukuba umntwana ene-dysgraphy, ukubhala kubangela ubunzima obuthile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, aba bantwana babhala kakhulu kakhulu, okanye baninzi kakhulu. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwendlela yokubhala ngesandla akuyona into ebalulekileyo, akufanelekanga ngexesha lokugxeka umntwana.

Ukuze ufundise umfundi ukuba abhale ngokuchanekileyo, kuya kuthatha malunga neveki ezintathu. Ukuqala, kufuneka uthenge incwadi yencwadi kwinqanaba uze ucele ukuvelisa itekisi kwiphepha. Ileta akufanele ihambe ngaphaya kweeseli - umgaqo omkhulu. Sifanele sibeke iliso kwaye sisekele umntwana ngendlela enokwenzeka.

Awukwazi ukulayisha ngaphezulu abantwana, ezimbalwa iindlela ezibhalwa ngokufanelekileyo ngosuku Nangona abazali bekhatywe ukusebenzisana nomntwana, kungavunyelwe ngokucacileyo ukubonisa, makungacingi nje ukuphakamisa ithoni. Njengoncedo lokubhala, kuyacetyiswa ukuba isebenzise izibambo kunye nombhobho, kunye neepensele ngendlela yoxantathu.

Ekhaya, ungadlala nomntwana, unike ipeni kunye neki. Emva koko uza kuzama ukubhala ngokuchanekileyo, ukuze angabhubhisi umdlalo.

Iingcebiso zonyango lootitshala

Iingcali ezininzi kule ndawo zenzele ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Izindlela zokulungisa i-dysgraphia zihluke kakhulu, kodwa zisebenza ngokulinganayo. Abazali bafanele bajongane nabantwana, kuba ikamva lomntwana lithembele kulo.
• Ukugqiba imisebenzi kufuna ukunyamezela kunye nomonde. Ukongezelela, iimvavanyo kufuneka ziqhutywe rhoqo, ubuncinane iyure ngosuku.
• Ukuba ingcali isetyenzisile ixabiso elininzi lolwazi lokucwangcisa, okokubhaliweyo kufuneka kwahlulwe iindawo ezininzi. Ngoko kuya kuba lula kumntwana nakumntu omdala. Awukwazi ukuvumela ukukhathala, njengoko oku kuya kubakho kwi-whims kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
• Impazamo eqhelekileyo ibhala kwakhona umsebenzi wesikolo ngamanye amaxesha. Abazali akufanele baphoqe abantwana ukuba benze oku, kuba akuyi kubakho nantoni na. Ngapha koko, umntwana uya kunyamezela inani elikhulu leeposiso, eziza kubakho ukungathandi ukubandakanya.
• Inkxaso ibaluleke kakhulu, kwimeko engabalulekanga. Umntwana uphathwe nomsebenzi? Simele simdumise, kodwa ngokumodareyitha. Kulo mbandela, kuya kubakho isidlo esiphucukileyo, umntu akanako ukuwunqumla apha. Ukungaphumeleli, nangayiphi na imeko, musa ukuhlazisa umntwana. Ngokukodwa akuvumelekile ukuba kusetyenziswe iziganeko zokuhlambalaza. Oku kuphazamisa kakubi umntwana wengqondo.

Thintelo

Ukuthintela ukutshatyalaliswa kweengcingo kubantwana abancinci abasesikolweni bangabonakaliswa ngokuphulaphula ngokuvakalayo izandi zentetho. Ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-3 kuyimfuneko ukujonga rhoqo le ngongoma. Ukuba umntwana wale minyaka unenkathazo, unokukwazi ukusombulula ngokukhawuleza ngoncedo lokuzivocavoca rhoqo.

Kungekudala, ukufundisa kwabantwana kolwimi lwangaphandle (ngokuqhelekileyo isiNgesi) sele lithandwa kakhulu ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-3-4. Abantwana kule minyaka bayazikhumbula ngokutsha ulwazi olutsha kwaye baqonde ngokulula. Nangona kunjalo, ngendlela engafanelekanga yokufunda, umntwana unokuhlakulela i-dysgraphia okanye i-dyslexia.

Kufuneka uhlawule ingqalelo ukuchithwa kwamagama ngamazwi ngabantu abadala. Ukuba abazali baphinda abantwana, oku kungakhokelela kwiingxaki ezithile. Ukuba umntwana akathethi ngokuchanekileyo, kufuneka afundiswe kanye kwindlela yokukwenza. Emva koko kuya kukhunjulwa kangcono, kwaye intetho iya kukhula ngokukhawuleza.