Constellation s - umlaza encinane kumntla ikhweyitha. Star Vega kwi umlaza s

Summer esibhakabhakeni kubusuku obuzolileyo intle kakhulu. Kubonakala inani ithemba amachaphaza intloko emva ebusika liye landa amaxesha amaninzi ngaphezu. Kumntla ikhweyitha, phantse phakathi kwawo wasezulwini, ekunene uya kuqaphela kakhulu inkwenkwezi eliqaqambileyo phezu phezulu kumbukeli. Lo Vega, alpha le leKima s, inani elincinane yasezulwini, use kulo mmandla kunye kwimihla yokugqibela entlakohlaza kude ekwindla phakathi. Umfanekiso we isixhobo somculo yamandulo, nangona ubukhulu bayo nemadlana kuthelekiswa kunye nabamelwane yayo, kudala kwatsala amehlo izazi.

Ukubeka ukuma

Constellation s iqulethe 54 ukukhanya, obonakalayo eMhlabeni ngeliso lenyama. abamelwane yayo ekufuphi na esibhakabhakeni Swan, uMofokeng, Dragon kunye Chanterelle. Fumana indawo aqaqambe lo mzobo, Vega, kakhulu nje, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa yokuba indawo yayo. Alpha s - enye eziphezulu ze asterism Summer Triangle, eliquka iinkwenkwezi nocatshulo ngakhanyi kakhulu kwaye ibonakala kakuhle. Ezimbini enye kwikona Deneb wakhe elikhethiweyo lekroza Cygnus , kunye Altair, ebhekisela ukhozi wasezulwini.

Imilo ye lekroza s ufana quadrangle, zonke eziphezulu ezo ngokucacileyo ibonakala ngobusuku ecacileyo. A umgama omfutshane ukusuka omnye wabo Vega.

Constellation s Legend

Njengoko usazi, eli nani wasezulwini ibizwa igama isixhobo somculo yamandulo. Xa ngelamadoda yamandulo yesiGrike eyenziwe kweqokobhe of Ufudo. Imbeko lesilwanyana ubize isixhobo: igama elithi "ngofefe" lithetha "ufudo". Ngokutsho legend, into yokuqala enjalo ukwazi ukushicilela izandi emnandi, wanika abantu Hermes. Lear usoloko kukhatshwa imvumi wasentsomini Orpheus. Ngokutsho legend, umculo lwakhe nelizwi lakhe uyotywe oothixo nabantu. Phi na ukuba uve isandi ngofefe, iintyatyambo okwentyatyambo iintaka zicula. E Orpheus waba ishwangusha enzima: yena wafelwa ngumfazi wakhe, Eurydice, wangena emva kwakhe kummandla lwabafileyo, wazama ukubuyela, kodwa ngomzuzu wokugqibela, badlula omnye wemiqathango ephambili kwelabafileyo. Baphulukene Orpheus intanda yakhe waziphosa iihapu novulelweyo cwaka kunye nosizi baqhubeka nobomi babo. blagogovevshie Gods phambi isandi kwisixhobo, wamvusa emazulwini waza wenza umlaza.

abathandi

Star Vega ezinxulumene iinkcazelo ezahlukeneyo ngokuba imvelaphi eMpuma. Japanese kunye intsomi Chinese ubalisa ube tempile wothixokazi omhle, wamthanda kunye ofayo. Lo mfana yavezwa isibhakabhaka: lo Altair of lekroza ka Eagle. Uyise uthixokazi, wafumanisa malunga imfihlelo uthando, nomsindo, waza wamalela intombi yakhe ukuba ukudibana nabanyuliweyo. Ukususela ngoko, Vega kunye Altair ayixoxe umlambo yasezulwini, iMilky Way. Uthando inikwa ukuhlangabezana kanye kuphela ngonyaka, lo wesixhenxe ka July, xa amawaka amane ukwakha ibhulorho phakathi kwabo. Ekupheleni uthixokazi busuku uza iinyembezi ezikrakra kwaye kubalisa ngokwahlukana. amachaphaza ezinetyuwa kubonakala Umhlaba kufana ukuwa eziwa Perseids.

alpha

Le nkwenkwezi likhanya kwi lekroza s sele kudala kwatsala amehlo kuphela ukuxoxa. Yena ebesoloko zesayensi abanomdla. Isithuba ezizodwa ukukhanya kunye ukubonakala kuye kwakhokelela ukuba namhlanje Vega - enye iinkwenkwezi ezininzi kufundwa emajukujukwini.

Bright ngayo ubekwa kwindawo yesihlanu yonke isibhakabhaka, kwaye eyesibini kumntla ikhweyitha, emva iinkwenkwezi zeBhere. ubukhulu ibonakale Vega - 0.03. Ku fanele ukuba iklasi yezinto ecacicleyo A0Va, ubunzima bayo lidlula 2.1 amaxesha ilanga, kwaye ubukhulu - 2.3.

ukukhanya okuzayo

Star Vega - giant eluhlaza namhlophe. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, ibengezela sele iminyaka 455.000. Kuba lomntu oyintsobi umxhelo, kodwa ngokwemigangatho indalo Vega akahlali elide kakhulu. Thelekisa, ilanga likhanyisa kwisayithi yethu kumnyele sele iminyaka 4.5 billion ubudala. Le ngamandla radiation kunye nezinye iimpawu musa ukuvumela inkwenkwezi ephambili s kwakhona zikho ixesha elide. Izazi kwangaphambili Vega ukuphela nentshabalalo kwanasemva malunga 450.000 kweminyaka.

standard

Ngenxa yendawo ekuyo Vega iqondwa kakuhle ukuba, xa ke, wakhonza imvume yayo njengomgangatho ethile ngeenkwenkwezi. Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-19 ngenxa ubhobhoyi kuphethwa magnitudes zeenkwenkwezi amakhulu aliqela. Vega wayengomnye iinkwenkwezi ezisixhenxe zisendaweni umgama ukusuka elangeni ongavelisi bayasigqwetha uthuli cosmic evela kwimitha babo ngokusekelwe leyo nigqibela UBV inkqubo photometric, evumela ukuba ukumisela parameters ezithile emzimbeni ngeenkwenkwezi.

Nangona Vega elibonakala ebanzi sifundo, kukho inani lemiba ezingekawafumani iimpendulo ezibanzi ukuza kuthi ga ezinxulumene nayo. Omnye wabo ithoba "igama" Alpha Lyrae njengoko umgangatho ngeenkwenkwezi. Kwinkulungwane yokugqibela kuye kwafunyaniswa "iingxaki" lokukhanya kwenkwenkwezi. I-lwazi ezithathwe wabonisa ukuba ngonyaka. Kulo mzekelo, Vega kubalelwa neenkwenkwezi yomahluko. Akukho uluvo olunye ngalo mbandela okwangoku.

ukujikeleza

Xa 60s zenkulungwane yama-20 yaye bangena umbuzo kwenkcazelo eqhelekileyo kweklasi ecacicleyo Vega. Ndafumanisa ukuba Alpha Lyrae kushushu kakhulu kwaye eliqaqambileyo kumalungu umgangatho uhlobo lwazo. Enyanisweni akazange afumane ingcaciso endilisekileyo de-2005, xa isisombululo wafunyanwa.

Kwathi kanti loo ndawo Vega ngesantya esiphezulu lijikeleza kufutshane axis yayo (kufutshane inani ikhweyitha ifikelela 274 km / s). Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, litshintsha ukuma into isithuba. Vega ayikho ibhola ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi rhoqo, kodwa ellipse, side kwi-ikhweyitha aza atshabalalisa kwi pole. Ngenxa yoko, ezinxamnye ngomda njengesiqhelo ezisemantla kunye akumazantsi iinkwenkwezi isondele core etshisayo ngaphezu kwendawo zemvula. Pole afudunyezwe ngokomelela, kukhanya eliqaqambileyo.

Le hypothesis kwavela 80s ka khulu lokugqibela leminyaka kwaye iye yaqinisekiswa uphawula 2005. Kananjalo lichaza izinto iqaqambile anomalous lokubonakala kwenkwenkwezi kunye nokubengezela kwawo.

disk

Vega olwenze phawu ngakumbi: sinawo circumstellar uthuli disk. Yaba inkwenkwezi yokuqala, apho wafumana kumiswa efanayo. Disk iqulathe iintsalela zezinto yesiqalo, zingagilani nye kummandla nkwenkwezi.

drive Ivula angaphambi ukufunyanwa obugqithisileyo wokunciphisa infrared Vega. Namhlanje, bonke ukukhanya kunye iimpawu ezifana obizwa ngokuba "vegapodobnye".

Ezinye iifitsha kule isakhiwo eluthulini disk icebisa ukuba Alpha Lyrae ezijikeleze iplanethi enkulu ejikelezayo like Jupiter. Nangona le datha ayiqinisekiswanga, kodwa ukuba kuyenzeka, Vega uya kuba inkwenkwezi kuqala aqaqambe, ukuba umhlaba.

Beta Lyrae

Phakathi umdla isixhobo somculo wasezulwini ayikho Vega kuphela. Constellation s uye eziliqela ezininzi iinkqubo nkwenkwezi. ingqalelo lolwazi kakhulu etsala Beta Lyrae, Beta Lyrae. Lingcwaba lomfo eclipsing adalwa umahluko. Le nkqubo iquka nenomlanga eliqaqambileyo eliluhlaza namhlophe kunye inkwenkwezi enkulu, kodwa nkqi ngakumbi emhlophe, ukubayinxalenye ngokulandelelana engundoqo. Bona ezahlulwe kweekhilomitha abazizigidi ezingama-40, ukuba imigangatho yesiqalo, encinane kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, izinto ukusuka kwenye amahlakani ngokuqhubekayo aqukuqela ukuya kwelinye.

Ukufudukela ukusuka 'exhasanayo "iintlobo zegesi emhlabeni' umamkeli" nokwanda disk. Kulo mzekelo, iinkwenkwezi siphahlwe imvulophu eqhelekileyo kwegesi, gqolo unika yinxalenye into lwayo kwisithuba ejikelezileyo.

Ekuqaleni, lo umlinganiselo ngobuninzi amaqabane khangela ngenye indlela. abaxhasi Namhlanje yayintle ngakumbi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, yajika yaba ngxilimbela, waza waqalisa ukunikela ubutyebi babo. Ngoku ubunzima bakhe kuqikelelwa kwi-3 solar, ngelixa kulo parameter kwi neqabane yi-13 ubunzima sokukhanyisa yethu.

Ukuqhela ukusuka kwisibini engundoqo inkwenkwezi wesithathu, Beta Lyrae V. eqaqambileyo sisiphinda 80 mkhulu ngaphezu kwelanga. Beta Lyrae B libhekisela kabini spectroscopic (xesha - iintsuku 4.34).

Epsilon

Constellation Lear kwaye inkqubo obalaseleyo eliquka namacandelo amane. Le Epsilon Lyrae yahlulwe kumacandelo amabini Epsilon Epsilon 1 no-2, naxa babujongwa zizibonakude. Ngamnye kubo iperi leenkwenkwezi. Onke amacandelo amane - iinkwenkwezi ezimhlophe, ukubayinxalenye eklasini ecacicleyo efanayo Sirius. Epsilon 1 no-2 uphendule ngesithuba seminyaka 244.000.

Icici ibhola

Phantse nawuphi na umfanekiso wasezulwini inama mafu ezintle zabo 'indawo. " Ngaba Akukho ngaphandle kunye umlaza s. Iifoto isithuba into, nto leyo ifumaneka phakathi beta kunye gamma Lyrae, sinika umbono ocacileyo malunga nemvelaphi lwegama lalo. Ring Nebula ifomu yayo, eneneni, embhoxo iqhekeza olufanelekileyo ubucwebe. Yena lihombise constellation s, elele kumgama 2000 ukukhanya iminyaka ukususela Earth. Age fu kuzakuthathwa iminyaka 5500 ubudala. Kunokuthi kubonwe kunye zizibonakude. Beautiful ukuvutha leli fu kungenxa imitha yelanga ophuma yingqakumbana emhlophe. Xa ke undoqo inkwenkwezi enkulu.

Akasekude nebula libekwe globular cluster star M56. I kufuphi kubo, ke, kutyholwa: M56 zisuswe Emhlabeni 32.900 iminyaka elula. Emifanekisweni kukhangeleka ngathi ibhola, ndasinqabisela phakathi, apho inani leenkwenkwezi nganye unit ndawo kakhulu eliphezulu. Apha zibekwe malunga 12 iinkwenkwezi yomahluko. Iqela globular kunzima ukubona usebenzisa izixhobo engahlawulwayo ngenxa yokuba elichithwe imvelaphi iMilky Way.

Lira - constellation of encinane, kodwa kunjalo umdla. "Indawo" lwayo wahambisa abameli izinto ezininzi kangaka phakathi kwabo ukufunda ngeenkwenkwezi. Stars kunye namakroza ezingqongileyo Lear, zisenokubonakala ochukumisa ngakumbi kwaye ufanelwe ingqalelo. Kwelinye icala, i-Vega eqaqambileyo kukodwa kuba ngokwaneleyo ukuba "eclipse" bonke bephela. Ingakumbi xa sikhumbula ukuba magnitudes ezi nkwenkwezi usenokuba mayisekelwe kubungqina lwe alpha Lyrae. Le umzobo yasezulwini, ngaloo - a amazwi umzekeliso graphic "omncinane yaye isusiwe." Noko ke, lowo unako enokuthethwa prototype yakhe cishe, Uhadi ka Orpheus.