Brezhnev kaThixo wobukumkani - ngxi okanye ubudala legolide?

ulawulo Brezhnev kaThixo kwimbali eSoviet akubangeli impikiswano eshushu ezifana neemvavanyo iphambene malunga indlela sexesha kaStalin kunye perestroika Gorbachev, kodwa eli xesha Kwakhona izinto zayo akhabayo kunye navumelanayo.

Isiphelo totalitarianism

Brezhnev waqala ezingaqhelekanga ukuba urhulumente yiSoviet ngayo ngelo xesha. Charisma nobunkokeli okunjalo phathi uLenin kamva inkqubo yileyo Stalin kaThixo kwangaphambili ukuba ezi nkokeli ngelo eqeqesha karhulumente de ukufa kwakhe. Ngaphezu koko, akuzange kube kwaye ukuba naziphi na izinto ezibalulekileyo utshintsho karhulumente (ngaphandle mhlawumbi kwiinyanga yokuqala emva kokufa Lenin, xa iindlalifa yokwenene ingqalelo noTrotsky kunye Zinoviev). Kwakukho umzabalazo, yaye ngowe-1953, xa wafa uYosefu Dzhugashvili. Noko ke, ukuba kuza ngamandla, uNikita Khrushchev bulula watshintsha indlela nkqubo iqela lwangaphakathi. XX Party Congress yaphela yileyo indlela yolawulo okubandakanya: umoya yokoyika, kwesiqalekiso bemi bengasebenzi counter-revolution njalo njalo. Ubukhulu becala ngenxa yeli nyathelo, waba ngumlawuli wokuqala bayiyeka notyando abuphumi ekufeni. Ulawulo Brezhnev yaqala ngo-1964 kunye izigqibo plenum ye-Central Committee CPSU ukukhululwa Khrushchev ukusuka nesithuba sikanobhala jikelele.

Ngxi okanye era legolide?

Ixesha elitsha, igama kokoma kamva ixesha aqala kutshintsho loqoqosho esebenzayo ukuvuselela uqoqosho. Reform Alekseya Kosygina, yaqala ngo 1965 nyaka, ngayo othile ejoliswe ukubeka uqoqosho ibe track kwimarike. Ngoko yandiswa ngokubonakalayo bazimele kwezoqoqosho kwamashishini amakhulu karhulumente, yaqalisa izixhobo inkuthazo eziphathekayo kubasebenzi ababandakanyekayo. Kwaye ke zokubuyisela ukuhlangabezana nokulindelweyo ngokwenene. Sele kwixesha lokuqala ulawulo Brezhnev kaThixo yabalasela xesha yimpumelelo seminyaka emihlanu kwimbali yelizwe.

Noko ke, aba baHlaziyi asiphumelelanga. nguqu zintle ezisisiphumo buthathaka yolawulo karhulumente, azizange zincediswa yi inkululeko kuyimfuneko kwezinye iinkalo zobomi kwezoqoqosho. Reform ukuba ukubhentsisa kunye neziphumo ezimbi, ezifana isiqhelo amaxabiso aphezulu iimpahla. Ukongeza, kwi 70s yokuqala sele ifumaneka kwi eSiberia amasimi oyile, nto leyo yakhokelela ekulahlekelweni esisigxina umdla ubunkokheli yiSoviet xa zinguquko. Malunga nenani-70 uqala ukubonisa ezinye ukwehla yoqoqosho lwasekhaya. Production iba ngaphantsi iindleko-olusebenzayo. Arms kunye nenkqubo isithuba ngokwandileyo kan- emva okhuphisana yayo engundoqo - i-US (impumelelo yokugqibela oqaqambileyo kwenkqubo isithuba eSoviet waba isithuthi "Mars-2", lo wenza kuqala ngokukhuselekileyo kwi planethi ebomvu). Ngaphaya koko, i lag ifumaneka mveliso ngobuchwepheshe.

Ezi imikhuba emibi ubukhulu becala ukuba unobangela hlengiso elandelayo yaye yintoni isiphelo - kwawa karhulumente eSoviet. Ifuna zobunjineli ngaphezulu kunye neminye imithombo kumashishini eme njengecebo ayikwazi kuchaphazela linyuke kakhulu kuphuhliso lwamashisini ukukhanya negalelo kakhulu kabuhlungu abemi beli lizwe. Ukuswela ukutya nempahla ezibalulekileyo - eyokuqala, mhlawumbi, ukuba ngokubanzi ezinxulumene ne kwinginginya ezibanzi kwexesha. Noko ke, ixesha kolawulo Brezhnev kaThixo, ebizwa njalo-ukuxinana enjalo kuphela xa kuthelekiswa ne yangaphambili, izinga emangalisayo eliphezulu kuphuhliso lwamashisini enzima nokukhanya kwelo lizwe. Ngelo xesha izigidi nani ngabesizwe zethu, wamkhumbula njenge yobudala segolide. Kuqala kwinto zonke, kuba abo ngokupheleleyo waziva ukuhla yokusebenza nokuhlala nemigangatho yemo yezoqoqosho kweli 1990. Kwangaxeshanye, ziphawulwe ngokuthi ebukumkanini Brezhnev kunye namanye amathuba ezibalulekileyo: oku imfazwe e Afghanistan, kunye umjikelo omtsha Cold kweMfazwe, kwaye ingxaki ubudlelwane ne-China ngenxa iingxabano kwi Sino-eSoviet.