History of Economic Thought

Imbali nenzululwazi lwezoqoqosho kangangethuba elide natyebileyo. Abantu zisoloko unomdla iinkqubo ezichaphazela ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo ukuchuma kwabo.

Isifundo imbali iimfundiso zoqoqosho aqulethe amanqanaba ukuyilwa kuqoqosho, uphuhliso ingxenye yakhe enkulu-ixesha kunye notshintsho. Kwakhona uhlola ngokweenkcukacha imiyalelo eziphambili ingcamango kwezoqoqosho zimbini nexesha elithile.

Ngelishwa, eli nqaku ezingangeniyo imbali yonke yokucinga kwezoqoqosho. Kuyenzeka kuphela ukubonisa amanqanaba eziphambili kuphuhliso kwezikolo kunye nezimbo ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ukuya ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19.

History of economic mfundiso iqala Aristotle uPlato izama nokumisa ngandlel ulwazi eyaziwa kubo kule ndawo. Ingakumbi igalelo elikhulu Aristotle. Wabiza kuqala uqoqosho inzululwazi, wafunda imisebenzi yezoqoqosho, uvelise ithiyori kwamaxabiso, kwaye indleko imali.

Imvelaphi elithi "kuqoqosho" sembethe noXenophon - mbali kunye nombhali evela Ancient Greece. Igama iqulathe amagama amabini, nto leyo kufuneka ixabiso edibeneyo 'umthetho ulawulo lwezoqoqosho. "

History of Economic Thought idibanisa kunye ukwahlulwa yabasebenzi nokutshintshiselana ekubunjweni yoluntu kuqoqosho ngokubanzi kwilizwe ngokubanzi. Oku kubonisa kuvele imfuneko kwi ulwazi noqoqosho zeli lizwe liphela. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane A. 17 Montchretien ukupapasha ama kwi kuqoqosho lwezopolitiko kuye kwabonisa ukuba le njongo ephambili kwimveliso kukuba ukurhweba, ndakunika igama lokugqibela nenzululwazi entsha. Le Economist, kunye Zhan Batist Kolber, uThomas Maine, I. T. Pososhkov - abameli mercantilism, ukucinga kwezoqoqosho esiqhelekileyo ngelo xesha. Xa intliziyo nempumelelo hlanga, baya kuzibona beqokelela amatye anqabileyo.

Kuloo minyaka ezifanayo, kukho imbono eyahlukileyo, nto leyo ichaza ukuba abalandeli yesikolo i Physiocrats. Ayekholelwa ukuba kuphela Ukuxelenga abasebenzi wahlala phantsi nga ukuzisa ingeniso ngaphezu kude iindleko. Yonke eminye imisebenzi bekwi kuphela ukusebenza ngokutya, ongavelisi into entsha.

Kakade ke, imbali ingcamango kwezoqoqosho akunakucingelwa ngaphandle ezakudala enjalo inzululwazi, njengoko uAdam Smith, Jean-Baptiste Yithini, uDavide Ricardo. Kwimiba ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo, kodwa kukho kwakhona iqela ngumba ezibenza. Ngoko, zabiza ukuba urhulumente akufuneki angqamane kwiinkqubo zoqoqosho ngaphandle kokuba umntu inkululeko yezoqoqosho ukuba ukukhuphisana ngokukhululekileyo. umnqweno Human (njengoko kwisifundo kuqala yezoqoqosho) ukuphinda-phinda ubutyebi bakho ngokuyimfuneko ithetha phindo ubutyebi kuluntu luphela. Adam Smith ebizwa ngendlela self-uhlengahlengiso lwezoqoqosho ukuba "isandla ezingabonakaliyo." Ngaloo ndlela eqondisa abavelisi kunye nabasebenzisi ukuze lwesilinganiso yezoqoqosho wabona. Kwinkqubo ayide ikwazi ukuphila ngqesho elide, wavelisa esaleleyo impahla okanye ngentsilelo ukuba obungqingqwa. Abalandeli Adam Smith, yaye wayekholelwa ukuba kuphela ezolimo kudala ubutyebi beentlanga, yaye abasebenzi kunye nezinye iiklasi.

Into yokuba uqoqosho kwimakethi okubonisa, wadala imfundiso uKarl Marx. Kuye isekelwe kwiindleko zabasebenzi kwaye babecinga ukuba ubutyebi abantu umsebenzi mercenaries. Ngaphandle ekuhlawuleni ukuba umsebenzi wabasebenzi eziqhelekileyo, ongxowankulu benza inzuzo enkulu yaye ngaloo ndlela uluntu ukuba ngamaza baziindidi ezimbini, izityebi namahlwempu. Kwaye ngaphakathi inkqubo yobungxowankulu ngokuyimfuneko utsha revolution sabasebenzi. Ukuziqhelisa, ithiyori ye-ngezoqoqosho German alikhange liqinisekisiwe.

Ngenkulungwane ye-19, Alfred Marshall yaba ngunozala kwicala neoclassical. Ungqinile ukuba ntle nabavelisi kunye nabathengi ukuba ukufikelela iphezulu kuphela xa abadlali zoqoqosho ziya kuba nako ukukhuphisana ngokukhululekileyo.