HIMARS - inkqubo ezininzi sungula irula (Mobility High zokudubula Rocket System): Iimpawu

HIMARS - inkqubo ezininzi lomphehlelelo irula, kunye ukuhamba oluncediswayo. Iyilelwe ukuba ahlasele kwimimandla zokudubula yoxinaniso, iinkqubo umoya yokuzikhusela, iilori, iiyunithi xenkxaso, izithuthi vehicles kunye nezinye izinto. HIMARS umsebenzi yesibini yale nkqubo kukuxhasa imikhosi yayo kwaye kuthetha ukuqinisekisa. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni enye liyi yale nkqubo, nto leyo kungumqondiso izixhobo zale mihla American!

IMVELAPHI OF THE

Isizathu sokuba emkhosini US ucinga ekudaleni ezintsonkothileyo - imfuno izixhobo iinxalenye Marine lweSizwe, uMarines, kwaye impendulo ekhawulezileyo izindululi mobile, nto leyo iveze phantse na indawo.

Ngeminyaka yee-80s inkampani Loral Vought Systems baqalisa ukuhlola nethemba kuphuhliso lwe-barreled ezintandathu TPK (izithuthi kunye sungula isikhongozelo) ukuze uqalise 227 ukuvuleka obandayo phezu kulandelwa ezinamavili kwisisu semoto yayo. Inkqubo ukudala inkqubo zokudubula eliphezulu-ukushukumiseka kwakhona esijolise ngethemba inkqubo yothutho emoyeni ngokusebenzisa-moya C-130 ukuya emkhosini. Operation nje Kuba, eyayibanjelwe ekupheleni kuka-1989 e Panama, ziyibonisa ngokupheleleyo ngokucacileyo imfuneko yophuhliso HIMARS.

design

Ngehlobo lowe-1990 Wezomkhosi US waqalisa ukwenza neemfuno iinkqubo izidubuli ayisindi ngokusekelwe ngelori isisu semoto. Umboniso kwase wathabatha kuqhubeka ngoSeptemba 1994. A unyaka kunye nezixhobo enesiqingatha US umyalelo ekhokelwa wangena isivumelwano kunye neenkampani Control Fire and Lockheed Martin imijukujelwa indibano oomatshini MLRS HIMARS. Ixabiso lekhontrakthi yaba 22.3 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi.

Phantsi isivumelwano, iingcali zenkampani baqokelelene oomatshini ezine iyahlolwa imfazwe. Ezintathu kubo inikwa yabathengi ovavanyo iminyaka emibini, ngelixa elesine ngeyisekho kovavanyo umqambi. Ehlotyeni 1998, iingcali i Army Merika kuqhutywa ngempumelelo uvavanyo lokudubula ATACMS enomjukujelwa ngokwesiseko kumatshini kwase MLRS HIMARS.

test ziqu

uvavanyo ezinkulu Mobility High zokudubula Rocket System (inkqubo igama elizeleyo), badlula ngo-2003. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho ukudubula oonokrwece ezinjalo: rocket engakhokelwa M26, imijukujelwa MGM-140B kunye MGM-164A ATACMS ezintsonkothileyo, kwakunye ekhokelwa inkqubo imijukujelwa MLRS. Nanamhla oku, akukho ulwazi oluthembekileyo malunga nokuba isisu semoto linye ilingane calibers TPK ezahlukeneyo. NgoJanuwari 2004, abenzi lugqityiwe uvavanyo prototype lo matshini. Ngenxa yoko, kuye kwaqinisekiswa ukuba HIMARS - inkqubo yokuqalisa irula ezininzi, nto leyo eye combat endilisekileyo Committe kunye neempawu zokusebenza. Ngomhla omnye izilingo zomkhosi kangangoko kunokwenzeka lokuphinda yeqonga impi. Bayithabatha ke kwase kwi isiza uvavanyo usebenzisa i-moya izithuthi C-130. nemizuzu emihlanu kamva imoto sisothula. Ke wathatha indawo ukudubula kwaye bamkelwa wedijithali channel yokulwa mission. Isiphumo yaveliswa wokudubula zoqeqesho imijukujelwa ezintandathu. Le mithambo joint / iimvavanyo Abameli MLRS, Wezomkhosi kunye Marine.

Ehlotyeni 2005, inkqubo enomjukujelwa HIMARS ifikelwe inkonzo. Iqumrhu yokuqala inkqubo HIMARS isixhobo waba 27 Field zokudubula webutho, 18 indize Corps America.

irula P44

Ngo 2000, inkampani Lockheed Martin lenze ngere- le rocket P44 ukuba lwenzelwe ukudibana ngqo ngokuya neethagethi bemgama, kuhlanganiselo MLRS kunye HIMARS iinkqubo yokulwa. Ukubaleka iyile isikhongozeli 10 imijukujelwa kuhlaliswe. Kwase ukusebenza ngoncedo GPS, ikwimo ulwalathiso abangabancedani inertial, ukuze abatshabalalise ekujoliswe esingatshintshiyo, kunye nentloko homing xa uhambisa iithagethi. Kwimeko yesibini, umjukujelwa yafakwa nomgaqo omnye multi-injongo imijukujelwa JCM.

Kwase waba yintloko homing ukusebenza ngeendlela ezintathu:

1. Doppler radar. Esebenza kulo kuluhlu nawethu. Ingasetyenziswa kuzo zonke iimeko zemozulu. Imbetha iithagethi zokuthutha.
2. Igwebu infrared. Uxela nokwahlula iithagethi.
3. laser semi-esebenzayo. Owaba- ekujoliswe kunye wokukhomba olongezelelweyo.

Umfuziselo-177 mm yakhethwa lokomeleza, eyahluke ixabiso eliphantsi kunye amathuba kuphuhliso olungaphezulu. Xa uyilo prototype wasebenzisa intloko inxenye eyandisiweyo irula okanye Esihogweni II intloko lilonke isahlulo, ubonakala ngokuba yiyunithi bokwakha. Kwixesha elizayo sihlelwe ukwanda vozmonost kwi ubude kunye nobunzima le rocket.

Ngo March 2007 ingxelo ukuba enomjukujelwa iye yavavanywa ngempumelelo kwitonela ngumoya, le ndawo itshileyo kwamagxa injini rocket, kunye nokuvavanyelwa somnikelo kwiinda White Sands eNew Mexico. Kwinyanga kamva, oko kwazeka ukuba Inqanaba lesibini uvavanyo wayengekho ngaphantsi yimpumelelo. Ngexesha uthotho lweemvavanyo ze uvavanyo iisampulu P44 rocket ndabandakanyeka HIMARS ngumatshini wokulwa, apho ezi imijukujelwa zenzelwe.

Ukuphuculwa koomatshini

Ekupheleni kuka-2006, inkampani Lockheed Martin utyikitye kunye US Army contract million 1.8 ukuphuhlisa eziphambili izithuthi moya yokulwa. Maxesha ochaphazelekayo ikakhulu ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko ukuba umqhubi. Ngokutsho isivumelwano, umsebenzi maxesha aphela ungadlulanga owe-30 Septemba 2010. Cab wafumana isikrweqe ezongezelelweyo, elikhusela nxamnye iimbumbulu, amaqokobhe ebudeni nasemigodini.

NgoMatshi 2008, Lockheed uMartin yabhengeza kwasekuqaleni-up le imijukujelwa ezine ekhokelwa pilot, apho kusetyenziswa inkqubo entsha yolawulo lomlilo jikelele. Phambi kokuba basayine imvumelwano ukuvelisa sokuqala abasakhasayo, phezu eTexas kunye Arkansas mveliso inkampani yakhiwe AMAGQABAZA ▸ ezintandathu kwizilingo US Army.

Phakathi ku-2008, ngethuba lokudubula kunye izindululi ngexabiso ezininzi HIMARS imijukujelwa GMLRS irekhodi olwalubekwe yokubhabha umgama - 85 km. Ngo Novemba kunyaka olandelayo, inkampani Lockheed Martin wathi inani kuvavanyo lokugqibela yanyuswa ukusuka 92. Ulwazi malunga nokusetyenziswa imijukujelwa ekhokelwa, ayifumaneki ngokubanzi. Kwakhona akucaci nokuba umsebenzi sagqiba imvula awasungule imijukujelwa, apho ngamnye kubo ukuchonga kokujoliswe kuko, okanye ukusetyenziswa mijukujelwa kuthetha eziqhelekileyo, hayi Volley badubula.

Ngo March 2009, ngomhla polygon enye White Sands, wegqitha iimvavanyo, apho silwa nenkqubo HIMARS usungule umatshini 2 elawulwa imijukujelwa anti-moya, ebizwa SLARAAM. Le mithambo zaye baqhuba iimvavanyo ukusebenza imijukujelwa ezihlaziyiweyo kunye nebandla neentsimbi ukuze imijukujelwa kwisingxobo. Last ngokutsha ukusuka uthutho sungula isingxobo ATACMS imijukujelwa. Xa usenza oonokrwece anti-moya kusetyenziswa inkqubo yolawulo lomlilo HIMARS, software ezininzi zigqityiwe. Xa inkqubo yolawulo lomlilo iza kugqityezelwa, yaye uya kumisa ekuhanjisweni ngenxa SLAMRAAM imijukujelwa, baya kungena inkonzo. Umyalelo we-US Armed Forces uceba ukuba koomatshini kwinkqubo HIMARS elizayo kunye indawo-to-air enomjukujelwa ukuba isetyenziswe kwinkqubo asasaza air yokhuselo womnatha-phambili.

Ubhaptizo HIMARS umlilo

inkqubo yokuqalisa irula Multiple, apho siya kuqwalaselwa namhlanje, wakwazi ukuba bapase ubhaptizo lomlilo kwi "Operation Iraqi Freedom". Its ukusetyenziswa combat lokugqibela senzeka ngoFebruwari 14, 2010. Ngexesha NATO operation antiterrorist lo kwidolophu Afghanistan ka Marjah, 2 HIMARS inkqubo enomjukujelwa baphambuka ekujoliswe aze ayigqithisele isakhiwo zokunxiba, kwafa abahlali 12.

amathuba

NgoJanuwari 2011, inkampani Lockheed Martin wawongwa isivumelwano ukwakha 44 iinkqubo HIMARS, iindleko zizonke leyo eyayifikelela kwi nje phantsi $ 140 million. Emva kokugqiba lo myalelo, ngowe-2013, inani ukulwa moya kwinkonzo kunye US ngemipu Forces, waba 375. Ngo-2015, elo nani lanyuka ukuya iikopi 480. Oomashini zixhotyiswe nge izindululi rocket ezininzi, efike kuphela US kodwa umkhosi kunye namahlakani ayo - i-United Arab Emirates, Singapore ukuba amkhaphele phesheya kweYordan.

inkqubo Ukucacisa HIMARS

inkqubo Multiple yokuqalisa rocket iquka:

1. Ukulwa isithuthi M142 model.
2. Transport and ukulayisha isithuthi.
3. Amagalelo (guided kwaye engakhokelwa).
4. Iindlela yolawulo lomlilo.

machine

Ukulwa isithuthi yi uhlobo zaphuculwa ye ton-5 truck Stewart & eStevenson 6x6. Diesel,-ilitha 6.6, 6-itankana Caterpillar injini injini kuphuhlisa 290 enjini. Itanki yamafutha umntu umthamo we-56 eelitha. Ingami lebanga km 480. I-injini isebenza ngokubambisana kunye oluzenzekelayo (ukuba azinazo usiqonda kuyakuqhubeka) gearbox zibe sixhenxe. Ukumiswa ngokumila oluziphumelayo yimithombo leaf. ukucoca imoto 564 mm. Le lori ihamba ibetheka nga kuhla umqobo amanzi kubunzulu-900 mm. Eli qela liquka abantu abathathu: umqhubi, gunner nomphathi. Xa iimeko ezigqithisileyo, umsebenzi ingaphatha kunye nomntu omnye.

rocketry

Ukuma Izikhokelo iphakheji rocketry angenako. Njengesikhokelo isicelo standardised inkqubo TPK MLRS ezilahlwayo kunye umatshini. HIMARS umndululi na umlilo nayiphi na isikhokelo kunye nenkqubo imijukujelwa engakhokelwa MLRS, kwakunye umfuziselo enomjukujelwa MGM-MGM-140 no 164 ATACMS ezintsonkothileyo. Xa yokugqibela Committe enomjukujelwa sungula, ihlumelo uthutho kunye sungula umgqomo indawo ityala. Ukutshaja uphawu TPK lwenzeka kwi mveliso. Standard TPK ulinganisa kancinci ngaphezu kweetoni ezimbini neetyhubhu 6 ezenziwe kwimicu iglasi, ezo nemali aluminium ehokweni. Kuba azidlulisele le projectile xa zokudubula le rpm isantya ukujikeleza 10-12, ngaphakathi zesiKhokelo helical Polozkov. enomjukujelwa okulwa iyaziswa ukusuka kwisikhongozeli uyilahle ngqo. Xa ezinjalo TPK enomjukujelwa kunokugcinwa iminyaka eli-10, ukugcina ukulwa ukulungela yayo.

Kugesi nomlilo ulawulo

Indlela kwabelwane isigxina (TZM) ilungiselelwe njenge ngokokushiyana console exhotyiswe sokutsala into ngentambo yombane. Indlela uyakwazi ukulawula zombini elorini kwaye ngokusebenzisa console ekude. Lwalo yesibini efanelekileyo ngakumbi, ukusukela ingcaciso ezahlukeneyo. Ukuze ukumangalela WPK ibe PZM umnini, le yokugqibela ibekwe kwindawo tyaba, nengalo yakhe kwandiswa. Ngesitya wawuphakamisa bayimisa endaweni yayo. Le sokutsala into ngentambo ifakwe kwiziko womxhuzulane wesingxobo.

Inkqubo yolawulo emlilweni, kwakunye lomnqongo elektroniki kunye isixhobo sonxibelelwano lwenziwa ngendlela efanayo njengoko omdala BM MLRS. Noko ke, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukuba iphuhlise inguqulelo maxesha emotweni, kolawulo kude leyo eye yaphucuka interfaces. Igama apha ke interfaces nezinto zokusebenza ukuthini.

Transport and ukulayisha imoto

Njengoko izithuthi kunye ukulayisha isithuthi, oko ilori kunye nendwe ekwinqwelo erhuqwayo. Njengoko ngumatshini wokulwa, isiphathele 6x6. Ukuphakamisa kwaye slewing crane ise ngasemva elorini. Ngayo, umqhubi sithwele ukutshaja ixesha elide kungabenza izikhongozeli zothutho-sungula. Trailer kufuneka ukuthutha TPK olongezelelweyo.

Umatshini Ukulwa ube nokuhanjiswa moya yothutho C-130 "uMofokeng". Emva ukothula kuyo, yena ezilungisele epheleleyo ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-10. Irula yeklasi HIMARS nqubo mobile kakhulu, ngoko ke umnombo umsebenzi, ngokukhawuleza ishiya umgca badubula le. Okwangoku kuphuhliswa okufana lofakelo inxalenye iinkqubo zokudubula HIMARS njani kwisisu semoto isithuthi elungisiweyo ethwele amandla iitoni 7.

Enye bit of features umdla:

1. zobukhulu Machine: ubude - 6949, ububanzi - 2400, ukuphakama - 3180 mm.
2. Weight ekulweni machine ngaphandle amaqokobhe: 13696 kg. Nge amaqokobhe - malunga 16,000 kg. Kwisisu semoto ubunzima 8273, kwaye imodyuli kunye isikhongozeli - 2915 kg.
3. ngesantya esiphezulu iimoto ebizwayo - 89 km / h. Ngaphandle nezikhali Velocity mkhulu kwe-5 km / h.
4. Ukuphambuka enkulu leyo singoyisa umatshini - degrees 60.
5. angle oxwesileyo lomlilo - 280 degrees.

analogue Russian

Mobile irula zokudubula apho kwaye eRashiya. Oku imelwe intsapho MLRS "Isaqhwithi". Kukho iindidi ezimbini - "Grad" yaye "Smerch". Gauge "Grad" nkqubo 122 mm. Siqulathe yokulwa isithuthi maxesha, inkqubo yolawulo automated kunye projectiles engakhokelwa. Oku kunjalo ukuthetha, uguqulelo aselula "Isaqhwithi".

MLRS "Smerch" zifana inkqubo US HIMARS. isayizi amaqokobhe sele 300 mm, kunye noluhlu ubuninzi - km 130. "Anezandi" iqala imijukujelwa engakhokelwa kunye correctable. Kwixesha elizayo, oko kuvumela ukuba kungenzeka ukuba kwandiswe uluhlu moya kwi "Isaqhwithi". MLRS "Smerch" kwakhona akhiwa imoto maxesha kunye nenkqubo nkongomiso oluzenzekelayo.