ESmolensk icon ye nguMama kaThixo "Hodegetria": imbali, ukubaluleka. Uphi na lo icon ye Virgin "Hodegetria"

ESmolensk icon ye nguMama kaThixo "Hodegetria" ubalwe njengenye lweentlobo iconographic. Ukuba uyakholwa ilivo, i icon kwabhalwa kumaxesha amandulo uSt Luke. Ngo-Russia, i "Hodegetria" wabonakala kuphela kwinkulungwane XI. Kuphela kwinkulungwane XII, oko kwazeka ngokuba ESmolensk, xa ndafakwa ibandla ngombono ESmolensk.

Yintoni ukuthandaza icon?

Umthandazo ESmolensk Icon ye nguMama kaThixo kangangeenkulungwane iziqu ngamaKristu amaninzi kwaye inceda iphumeza imimangaliso engakholelekiyo. Smolenskaya "Hodegetria" ithathwa umxhasi ongcwele abahambi, bayazibuza ukuba ahlale nabo endleleni neemeko ezingentle, izigulo ezahlukeneyo, iingxaki ezingalindelekanga. Kwakhona, wathandaza konke ukubandezeleka, ecela ukuba akhusele kwaye ugcine indlu yakho ezintshabeni iintshaba. Ukutyhubela imbali, amaKristu aye wacela uncedo ESmolensk uMama kaThixo ngamaxesha zande kakhulu.

uhlobo icon

Igama imifanekiso - i ESmolensk Icon ye nguMama kaThixo "Hodegetria". Kungenjalo, balibiza "Putevoditelnitsa". Oku kuphela icon ethile, isihloko omnye yeentlobo kwiincwadi ezaqanjwa Marian.

Iconography wohlulwe iintlobo akubhala:

• Eleussa - Nomsa.
• Oranta - abanquli.
• Hodegetria - Putevoditelnitsa.
• Panachranta - Nasono.
• Agiosoritissa (ngaphandle iintsana).

Ngamanye amazwi, yonke imifanekiso Virgin bohlulwa babe ngamaqela, nganye eneyazo iimpawu zayo uphawu imifanekiso ukubhala. Ukuchonga i icon, kufuneka ubone kuphela indlela isithuba ngayo ibonisa ubuso kaKristu oMntwana kunye uMama kaThixo.

Yini ephawula icon "Hodegetria"? Apha, umfanekiso kude bit Umntwana ukusuka umfanekiselo Mother. UKristu okanye yena ehleli phezu kwezandla zakhe, okanye emi ecaleni. ngesandla sokunene ephethe uKristu kwabantwana, wakhulela yesitshixo yentsikelelo. Kunye nezinye isandla sakhe uqhuba incwadi okanye mqulu sesona uMthetho kaThixo. Enye indlela ekuthiwa ukuba kutheni icon igama "Putevoditelnitsey": Kubonisa ikholwa ukuba umendo ekunene - umendo kuKristu. amanqaku ngesandla intombi ukuya Baby ngokuba "Inyaniso, lo Indlela ebomini," apho onke amakholwa kufuneka afune enqwenela ukubaleka.

Inkcazelo icon yamandulo

Ngokutsho ngokwesithethe Church icon ngokungummangaliso Lady Lwethu ESmolensk zabhalwa ngexesha ubomi basemhlabeni Virgin Mary. A wobugcisa wadala yi oyiNgcwele uMvangeli uLuka. Umsebenzi wayalela odumileyo - Antiyokwe yamandulo umphathi. Ukusuka kwa-Antiyokwe icon waziswa eYerusalem, uze kamva uKumkanikazi Evdokia thaca udade wabo Pulcheria koMlawuli eConstantinople. Apha, i icon ixesha elide zigcinwe ebandleni Blachernae.

IBhodi, esetyenziswa ukubhala ii icon, kuninzi iye yatshintsha phantsi ubunzima kwexesha. Ngoku kunzima yamsikela ukusukela kulo eyenziwe ngomthi. Ngokobunzima kunzima kakhulu. NguMama kaThixo imelwa esinqeni. isandla sasekhohlo liyasixhasa usana uYesu, ilungelo ebambe esifubeni sakhe. Kweentsana KaThixo esandleni sakhe sasekhohlo ubamba incwadi esongwayo, kwaye unelungelo lokuba enze isenzo yentsikelelo. Clothing Virgin Mary ikofu emnyama umbala, uYesu - eluhlaza emnyama ngegolide.

Ngubani esiza Lady?

Londoloza uxolo nokuthula kweli lizwe, kuyo yonke imizi kuya kunceda ESmolensk Icon ye nguMama kaThixo "Hodegetria". Imithandazo eyenziwa kule Virgin, sikhusele abantu aba emkhosini, nabani na iyazikhusela ukuthula lokhokho. Thandazela kuye, kwaye ngexesha loqhambuko lwezifo ezahlukeneyo. Ekhusela "Hodegetria" wonk 'ubani osukuba ngendlela ukuzikhusela nxamnye iingozi, ukunceda ukuze sifumane indlela elungileyo.

Ukuva imithandazo zehlabathi, kusincede sifikelele eli nenekazi uThixo, uNyana wakhe, yacela ukuba asixolele izono zethu, kusindiswa ngaye kuyo ingqumbo yobulungisa. umncedi Strong, uMkhuseli Hodegetria, kodwa iyanceda?

Kuphela bogoboyaschimsya, bogonravnym, ethandaza inceda nguMama kaThixo, sizikhusele iimbandezelo ezoyikekayo nokubi. Ungabinayo ukoyika iNkosi, ishenxileyo akayi kuza kubanceda nguMama kaThixo. Akukho nto ayimangalisi kulo. ubugwenxa, izenzo yesono abantu ixesha lwabo lwesibini emnqamlezweni inyaniso kaKristu. Kodwa yintoni unina kuya kunceda neentshaba, unyana wakhe? NguMama kaThixo hlobo aboni abaguqukayo, abo beza ngaye kuThixo inguquko, iinyembezi kunye imithandazo ecela uncedo. Inceda Virgin ukuze aboni, ukuze wonk 'ubani ofuna ukuba ithi gca endleleni, ukulungisa kwaqala ubomi nje. Undikhathalele penitents, abo, efana nonyana wolahleko, wabuyela ngokwasekukholweni kuKristu, bavume size sicele uxolelo ukuhlangulwa umthwalo wesono. Of abo baguqukayo kwizono zabo, ayiboneleli umphefumlo akakhathali Malibongwe Virgin Mary.

ESmolensk icon ye nguMama kaThixo. Imbali ukuvela eRashiya

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesibini loMlawuli baseByzantium Constantine IX (1042-1054) wanika intombi yakhe emtshatweni kwindawo entle Anna Russian Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavich. Indlela elide wabasikelela ngayo "Hodegetria" - icon ngokungummangaliso. Ukukhatshwa kwi endleleni inkosazana kweConstantinople ukuya Chernigov ukubusa. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo omnye, yaye ngenxa yoko i icon egama "Hodegetria", ie Putevoditelnitsey.

Unyana ka Vsevolod Yaroslavich Vladimir Monomah bekusoloko imboni, laseburhulumenteni elumkileyo ongunozakuzaku ngexesha lakhe. Yena waye waduma uxolo elizweni labo lokuzalwa. Akazange alindele ukuba ukunyanzela basemhlabeni kuphela wathumela umthandazo uncedo ungowokubongwa Virgin Mary, becela uncedo ukuthumela wobukumkani bakhe kwicala elifanelekileyo. Ahlonipha enkulu wayisa ngokungummangaliso "Hodegetria" ye ESmolensk kwisixeko Chernigov. Kubekho bayibeka endlwini Kwingcingane ungowokubongwa Virgin Mary, leyo yasekwa ngo-1101. Ukususela ngelo xesha, yaye ndafumana "Hodegetria" igama - i ESmolensk Icon ye nguMama kaThixo. Ngoncedo lukaThixo, Vladimir Monomakh ikwazile ukuba ndizinyathele iinkosana ogwilikayo ube yinkokeli olukhulu eRashiya, apho kwakhe uxolo nocwangco.

Imimangaliso lo icon. Mercury feat

imimangaliso emininzi kakuhle zonke i icon "Hodegetria", kodwa eziphawuleka kakhulu kuthathwa ESmolensk kumhlangula ukususela ayehlasela nangezinto. Ngowe-1239 yaba icon ngokungummangaliso i-ESmolensk nguMama kaThixo wasindisa isixeko ayehlasela yotshaba. Abahlali baqonde ukuba abakwazi zibonisa ukuba uhlaselo sidwelise i nangezinto kunye kwemithandazo emininzi, izicelo ihlabathi ubuyeleyo Virgin Mary. Ndeva nokutarhuzisa kwabo Great Mediatrix. AmaTatar wayeka engekude iindonga zesixeko.

Ngexesha abo ESmolensk squad waba benemfundo ozinikeleyo ogama Mercury. Wonyulwa ukuba uMama kaThixo okusindisa mzi. Ngobusuku ka November 24, etempileni, apho wayegcina ESmolensk Icon ye nguMama kaThixo, yaba umbono sexton. Lady wethu wabonakala kuye waza wamxelela ukuba bapase Mercury, ukuba wawaphalaza ngenkalipho wangena ekampini yotshaba atshabalalise ngxilimbela zazo eziphambili.

Ukuva amagama afana ukusuka sexton, ngoko nangoko Mercury wabalekiselwa endlwini. Watsho wawa umthandazo phambi kokuba icon ezingcwele waza weva ilizwi. Lady wethu wacela nemiyalelo Mercury, ngoko ke wayivalela indlu yakhe ESmolensk ngenxa yotshaba. Hero uye walumkisa ukuba ngobu busuku mkhosi omkhulu igqibe ukuba ahlasele isixeko niwonakalise. Ozala uThixo uNyana, waza wacela ukuba uThixo akhusele ukuba amnikele ilizwe lokuzalwa kutshaba. UKristu ongamandla Mercury kwafuneka ukuba litshitshiswe isigebenga, kodwa uloyiso kunye ndimlindele kunye isithsaba ukholo, leyo ndoyithabatha kuKristu wakho.

kwafika iinyembezi zovuyo emehlweni Mercury kaThixo, ethandaza ngokunyanisekileyo ucele uncedo amandla eNkosi, waya enkampini yotshaba baza bawoyisa kubo ngxilimbela. Kuphela amandla akhe unknown wayenethemba AmaTatar phambi edabini. Iintshaba zindirhawule Mercury, oko kunzima nabo, ekubeni phambi kobuso ngamandla emangalisayo oyiNgcwele. Emva lidabi hero yindinisa walala phantsi ukuze aphumle. Esindile ukubola, ndibona Mercury belele, bamnqumla intloko yakhe.

UYehova akazange avumele utshaba kuwushiya umzimba ungalihlambeli ye ngegorha, wamnika abokugqibela yamandla akhe. Mercury, Usekhona nangona, baya kungena kuwo umzi Wayizisa intloko yakhe yahlukana. Ngodumo olukhulu, umzimba wakhe wangcwatywa ebandleni yecawa. Mercury nayo lamiselwa. In memory of feat yakhe eyaphunyezwa ngoncedo nguMama kaThixo egameni zokonga mzi, elowo ngonyaka kule mini (Novemba 24) wenze inkonzo umbulelo-ubusuku bonke emvuselelweni phambi i "Odigitria". I ESmolensk Cathedral of the Epiphany usafuna igcinwa izihlangu kunye nentsimbi uShishaki, abengaphesheya Mercury ebusuku sibi.

Ukufika icon eMoscow

Tatar-Mongol idyokhwe akazange ngokupheleleyo boyisiwe, kunye utshaba omtsha umcudisile eRashiya evela West. Kumda osentshona ESmolensk iye yaba yenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu. ESmolensk icon ye nguMama kaThixo "Hodegetria" Ngaloo mihla le patroness owenkawu kunye nomkhuseli yesixeko.

Ixesha elifutshane nexesha kwinkulungwane XIV ESmolensk yaba phantsi kolawulo weenkosana Lithuanian, "Hodegetria" wabonakala heterodox.

Kodwa apha, wasindisa umfanekiso ngolwalathiso kaThixo. Intombi enye Lithuanian Duke Vitovta Sofiya watshata Vasily Dmitrievich (1398-1425), Grand iNkosana eMoscow. Ndikufikisile, naye kumfanekiso engcwele emhlophe-ilitye. Ngoko ke ngo-1398 ESmolensk Icon ye nguMama kaThixo "Hodegetria" eMoscow. It yafakwa kwi Cathedral le Annunciation, ilungelo the Royal Doors.

abahlali Moscow nangoko va sa mandulo "Hodegetria" avela. Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane, waye waqubuda kwaye ayeze i ESmolensk Icon ye nguMama kaThixo. Kodwa uMama kaThixo kaThixo endlwini wabumisela ukuba abuyele ESmolensk yakho - kwiCawa lusekeleke khona, ukuze kukhuselwe apho Orthodox, iinkosana abacinezelekileyo Lithuanian kunye bevangeli.

Buyela ESmolensk

Ngowe-1456 wabuyela ekhaya ukuya icon ye Lady Lwethu ESmolensk. ukubaluleka kwayo abantu waba kakhulu. Bonke abahlali bemlindile ukubuya wakhe ummangaliso. Kwaye apha eMoscow ukuthumela igqiza, elikhokelwa Bishop wayo noMishayeli. Bona ilila wacela Grand Duke, lowo wathumela nguMama kaThixo ESmolensk ekhaya. Inkulu kunye izinduna Babhunga ke, waza wagqiba ekubeni ukugcwalisa isicelo. Phambi "Hodegetria" waya ESmolensk, wadutyulwa noluhlu yakhe echanekileyo.

Abantu abaninzi ke bahlanganisana kwiCawa Annunciation. I xikhongelo lokuqala abazimiseleyo ezinkonzweni. yonke intsapho ngqwadalala kwe icon i yenene: umthetheli, inkosazana kunye nabantwana babo - Boris, uJohn uYuri, uAndreya kancinane ezandleni zakhe. Ahlonipha ayenqula lo icon. Emva koko, kunye iinyembezi emehlweni akhe, Prince Metropolitan isuswe itempile e Kyoto, Wayinika ezandleni Bishop noMishayeli. Wanikwa ESmolensk kunye nezinye ii icon, kanye amkhupha, nangona ubhishophu akazange acele ngayo. Kuphela icon enye Metropolitan wacela ukuba ashiye intsapho njengenkosana - i iNtombi angunaphakade Mntwana. Yena sele kusikelelwa zonke womzalwana yenene. Yavuma i icon lweTshawe wamanga.

Emva koko, lo umngcelele wachitha icon ESmolensk ukuya kumzi weemonki Mar Saba, nto leyo ifumaneka kwi wentsimi Virgin kaThixo. Apha yaye wenza inkonzo yokugqibela ukuthandaza, emva koko i icon waya ESmolensk.

Ngokuyalelwa amanene wamnika i icon yafakwa kwi-Church of the Annunciation yindawo apho kangangeminyaka emininzi yaba ESmolensk Icon ye nguMama kaThixo "Hodegetria". Yonke imihla apho eyaphunyezwa umthandazo. Uluhlu eyenziwe ESmolensk icon, luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi Grand ababesele intsapho yakhe.

Uluhlu ngqo ESmolensk icon wabulawelwa 1602. Ngowe-1666, yena noSamuweli "Hodegetria" zokubuyiselwa basiwa eMoscow. Uluhlu yasekwa kwi ESmolensk inqaba eludongeni (kwinqaba) ngasentla kwesango le Dnieper. Ngowe-1727 yasekwa kukho icawa ngamaplanga. Ngowe-1802 bakha ibandla ngamatye. Le icon iminyaka wakhusela sixeko abanobubi iingxaki kunye amashwa.

I imfazwe ne uNapoleon ngo 1812

Xa ingxokolo uNapoleon wahlasela elo lizwe Russian ukukhusela Shrine ukusuka ihlekisa, ESmolensk uBhishophu uIrenaeus indlela yamandulo zamaGrike "Hodegetria" ukuwela eMoscow, apho Wagcinwa Kwingcingane Cathedral.

Emva kokuba imikhosi Russian wemka ESmolensk, uluhlu ngokungummangaliso "Hodegetria", eyenziwe 1602, ithathwa ngabo naye kuwo umzi.

Ngomhla olwandulela Idabi Borodino ESmolensk Icon ye nguMama kaThixo wanceda amajoni ukuba nentembelo kokoyisa kwakhe, ukuphembelela ukuxhaphaza. "Hodegetria" lihanjiswa kulo inkampu yomkhosi Russian, amajoni, ukukhangela, wathandaza kuyo waza waba nokholo kunye namandla ngokomoya.

Ngosuku xa Idabi Borodino, ESmolensk icon kunye Iberia kunye Vladimir lwaqhutywa malunga Belgorod, iindonga yesicelo kunye China-dolophu, koko wathunyelwa Lefortovo Palace, apho iingxwelerha bezisesigangeni eGibheyon. Ngaphambi kokuba Moscow, i icon abathuthwayo ukwenzela ukugcina Yaroslavl. Emva kwemfazwe, Novemba 5, 1812, yena wabuyela ESmolensk. In memory of lokukhululwa imini, utshaba Baqala ke ukuba nemihlali kunyaka ngamnye.

XX kwekhulu

Bawela nje kwiminyaka elikhulu, kwaye kwakhona eRashiya ahlasela abahlaseli. IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic kuye kwabulawa izigidi zabantu Soviet. Wema endleleni kotshaba ESmolensk. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ilizwe lwaqhutywa ubuxoki anti-zonqulo, amawaka abantu abathembekileyo, umsebenzi onyanisekileyo ubuzwe, wacela uncedo nomkhuseli lwakhe "Hodegetria". Bengabonakali wanceda abantu ESmolensk Icon ye nguMama kaThixo "Hodegetria". uphi na Ngoku ke indlela yamandulo, ayaziwa, ekubeni umsebenzi yesiGrike "Hodegetria" zitshone. Kuloo ndawo apho emi kuyo, isemi uluhlu nguMama kaThixo, wenza kwinkulungwane XVII. Iminyaka emininzi ikhusela isixeko kwintlekele, imfazwe, intshabalalo, usikelela amakholwa ukuba imisebenzi yobulungisa.

Kwakhona eMoscow

Ekuqaleni kuka February 2015 yaba ESmolensk Icon ye nguMama kaThixo "Hodegetria" kuKristu uMsindisi Cathedral. Emva kokuba kokubuyiselwa, eyathatha iminyaka emithathu, abathembekileyo baye bakwazi ukubona umfanekiso "Odigitria" ngaphandle isakhelo yesilivere enzima. Salary siyinxenye 25 kg senziwa 1954 malunga neminikelo Smolyan. Kule minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe, iminikelo enzima ukugcina ii icon ayikwazanga kubizwa uncedo exabiseke ngayo intsomi, ngoko ke inkumbulo iholo iza kulondolozwa ize waboniswa Cathedral kwe ngombono ngokwahlukileyo.

Icon wahlala eMoscow de ngoFebruwari 10. February 15, emva kokuba ukungabikho elide sabonana ngo ESmolensk, updated kwenzeka yalo yangaphambili, ukuphinda-ukukhusela nakowenu.

Nantso into ngembali loo yamandulo umdla, nto leyo osaziyo ESmolensk Icon ye nguMama kaThixo. Amafoto kuqinisekisa iintlobo ezininzi "Protectress", bonke ubambe umthendeleko engcwele, ukunceda inzuzo amandla engqondo othembekileyo ukukholelwa inyaniso uNyana kaThixo.