Inishiyali - nto nje? Izakhi intsingiselo yeli gama

Vuma ukuba ngamanye amaxesha kunzima. abantu Nokuba ababini isigqibo article maxa wambi kunzima kangaka! Ntoni ukuba ndithi xa uzama thethana le mibutho mibini? Okanye amazwe amabini? iinkqubo Ukuba ababini yezopolitiko ezahlukeneyo? Akumangalisi ke, phambi kokuba isivumelwano kuphothulwe, iya kwizigaba ezininzi zophuhliso, nganye luphawulwa iindlela ezithile yokuveza isivumelwano okanye ukungavumelani kwe amaqela. Yintoni na ke kokusayina isivumelwano? Okanye oko kuthetha ntoni "isivumelwano inishiyali"? Oku kuyafana esatyikitywa, kusini na?

Zama ukuqonda. Okokuqala - in isigama

Ngoko ke, yintoni na imiqathango eyahlukeneyo yomthetho, okuthetha indlela ekwazile isivumelwano phakathi kwamaqela iimeko? Zama ukuqonda umthwalo kwisemantiki yaziwa kunye namagama asetyenziswa rhoqo. Ngokomzekelo, yintoni na umqondiso nendlela wahlukile kumzobo. Njani ukuba ulungise bathi: sibhalise okanye asayine isivumelwano? Nokuba ukusebenzisa njani na monogram? Yintoni na emehlweni xwebhu? Yintoni kuba paraph, yaye wenza ntoni ibinzana elithi "isivumelwano kokuqala '?

Ngaphandle ekuqondeni iintsingiselo zala magama: mqondiso, asinikeli macebiso, intsingiselo lokuqala elithi "umnqophiso" ayivezi de kube sekupheleni. Kwaye, ngenxa yoko, bekuya kuba nzima ukuqonda engundoqo yomsebenzi yesivumelwano, enoba oko singanyangwa into yesebe komthetho.

Utyikityo - ntoni na?

Ngokutsho komthetho (bona. Art. 160 we-Code Civil), nasiphi na isivumelwano phantsi utyikityo. ukungabikho
naye phezu xwebhu kuthetha ukuba akukho mvumelwano ekufikelelwa kwaye kungakhokelela ekubeni iziphumo zomthetho enokuxelwa kwangaphambili, ukuya ukuqatshelwa intengiselwano olungasebenziyo.

Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, umthetho Russian ayiqulathanga isenzo esisodwa osemthethweni, nto leyo iza kukunika inkcazelo ecacileyo, nokulawula ngokucacileyo ukusetyenziswa zasayinwa. Ngenxa yoko, badla kufakwe mabandla utyikityo. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba siqonde ukuba igama elithi "lokuqala", nendlela iyahluka ukusuka elithi "umqondiso".

Utyikityo - iseti yeesimboli graphic asetyenziswa ukuchaza umntu njengomntu okanye iqumrhu. Ngokutsho isichazi-magama Ozhegova utyikityo - kubhaliwe kwathiwa igama lakhe. Oku ngokungangqalanga kuqinisekiswa yi n. 3 inqaku 160-th kweKhowudi Civil. Ingongoma yokuqala kwinqaku 19 zaloMgaqo ithi ngokucacileyo ukuba nawuphi na ummi ufumana amalungelo akhe nje ngegama lakhe, ifani kunye patronymic.

Ngokusekelwe kule nkcazelo ingasentla, oko kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba, oluchanekileyo ngokusemthethweni ukubiza utyikityo lwe buqu kuphela ebhaliweyo ngummi igama lakhe elipheleleyo.

Endleleni, uchaze ukuba igama elithi "kumzobo" ngokubanzi ukuba ukugqiba izivumelwano awungeni. Ngokuba, ngokungafaniyo elithi "tyikityo", oko ayakhekanga ukusuka isenzi "umqondiso", yaye njengaye ukusuka isenzi "ukupeyinta" (elithetha "ukuhombisa, ukupeyinta").

Akumangalisi ukuba, ngaphandle kokuya kwi iinkcukacha, utyikityo siya badidekile, umzekelo, nebandla, ukusuka apho sobala ukuqonda engaphelelanga ngoko "uxwebhu esayiniweyo" uyahluka kuyo "inishiyali uxwebhu."

EDS

Xa ixesha lophuhliso uxwebhu elektroniki sandiswa usayino lwedijithali. ukuqeshwa kwakhe, enyanisweni, iyafana naleyo utyikityo yesiqhelo - uqinisekise ukuba uxwebhu ayiqulathanga olungelulo, waza waqinisekisa umntu - umnini wesiqinisekiso iqhosha utyikityo.

Kodwa ke, ndimele ndithi ukuba yonke uthando lwethu kunye ngokuphathelele amathuba information technology akunakwenzeka kwixa elizayo siphephe uyakwazi ukuyila, ikopi nzima ebhaliweyo. Kwaye, ngoko, kunye nokusayinwa kwezivumelwano kunye nemigaqo usebenzisa utyikityo eqhelekileyo kwakhona nangoku iye irhoxisiwe. Ukulungiselela injongo utyikityo initialling elektroniki alisebenzi.

Yintoni paraph?

Impendulo elifutshane paraph - le yinto esiyibiza utyikityo. Wena iyakwazi ukuphawula ziqendwana zilandelayo:

• Monogram. Le oonobumba yokuqala (enye, ezimbini okanye ezintathu) ifani, igama kunye patronymic yomntu na izinto ezifanayo.
• Indawo ephakathi. It iqulathe oonobumba abakhulu nabancinci. Njengomgaqo, kulandela emva oonobumba yokuqala ifani.
• Stroke. Ngokuqhelekileyo element ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ubugcisa, nto leyo nokuqhubekeka ileta yokugqibela indawo ephakathi.

Parish iphawulwa kwisifundo elilodwa le iseta kunye nokubhaliswa ahambelanayo. Eneneni, igama elithi "paraph 'yaye lithetha" omfuphi ", woqobo esinenjongo - ukukhuselwa utyikityo womgunyathi. Kodwa ke kucacile ukuba, unikaliziruya umfanekiso Utyikityo ngokwaso, istroke kudla negates efundeka elungile nokuqonda oko akusebenzi semthethweni yayo.

Ukusuka singasentla kucacile ukuba "inishiyali" - ukuba akukho nto enye njenge "isayinwe". Parish ayiyithathi indawo utyikityo.

Apho kusetyenziswa paraph, yaye yintoni ekuqaleni?

Kulo mkhuba mihla komthetho Parish kunye initialling le ngokufuthi ezisetyenziswa ngokunxulumene kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, ingakumbi noonozakuzaku urhwebo amazwe. Ntoni "isivumelwano kokuqala '? Oku kuthetha ngokungena yayo yokuqala xa izibonelelo eziyintloko contract appointments ekuvunyelwene ngawo ngamaqela, kodwa imvume yokugqibela ngenxa yesizathu esithile umisiwe. Ngamanye amaxesha yesivumelwano sokuqala iyafuneka ngenxa yokuba, ukuba kulawulwa ngokupheleleyo ngabantu eligunyazisiweyo, kufuneka imvume iintloko zoorhulumente inxaxheba kwesi sivumelwano.

Ukuze inishiyali abantu isivumelwano ogunyazisiweyo phantsi okubhaliweyo sivumelwano kuphela paraph. Oku kuba monogram okanye nobetho, okanye inxalenye igama, kodwa hayi Utyikityo ngokupheleleyo okanye ngetywina. Amaninzi kulo mzekelo, siya kusetyenziswa kuphela inishiyali kuqalwe. Kwezinye iimeko, paraph lufakwa kuphela ekupheleni okubhaliweyo iphela sivumelwano, kodwa zonke page yayo.

UPawulos ...

Ngoku, xa sibonile ukuba komndilili inishiyali uxwebhu, iyavakala ukuzoba ezinye izigqibo ezibalulekileyo:

1. Text - oku akufani paraph. Ngako oko, ukusetyenziswa kwazo zombini eyahlukileyo kakhulu.
2. Parish ayikho indawo utyikityo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba uxwebhu zingqinwe ne-inishiyali kukubethwa xa lingekho sibhalwe ngokupheleleyo kwathiwa igama ingqina, uxwebhu ezo ingqalelo linga tyikitywanga, xa kukho imfuneko.

ukubaluleka ngokusemthethweni initialing

Njengoko kucacile ukusuka ngentla ukuba initialing nto ayikuthinteli kokusayina xwebhu ekuvunyelwene. Emva kokuba ziza kuphela izizathu kokugqitywa isivumelwano bamiswa, oko lusayinwe ngamaqela ngokuhambelana nomthetho.

Initialling ayikho linyathelo mandatory ukuba angene kwisivumelwano se kwamaqela. Kunyanzelekile ukuba isayinwe, kungakhathaliseki enoba inishiyali ngaphambili isivumelwano okanye hayi. Kuphela utyikityo lwe intsingiselo yomthetho fixes kwekota ukuba amaqela amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi yazo ngokungqinelana kwisicatshulwa kwekhontrakthi ezisayiniweyo.

Ngoko yintoni na intsingiselo ngokwasemthethweni initialing? Luqinisekisa ukuba zonke izivumelwano kwisicatshulwa sele kudlule amaqela kunye ngemvumelwano. Emva abasayinayo initialing zibotshiwe isinyanzelo ukwamkela uthethathethwano, isiphumo apho uxwebhu inishiyali igcinwe kwaye lugqityiwe. Kodwa mzuzu lungenzeki uxanduva ngokwasemthethweni amaqela kulo mzekelo, okubhaliweyo abubopheleli, kwaye kwixesha elizayo, phambi kokuba ukusayina, kusengenziwa ukuyihlela. Ithuba izilungiso okubhaliweyo isivumelwano emva initialing basindiswe. Kodwa ezi nguqu lingabi liqela elinye kuphela isivumelwano.

Usebenzisa initialling kwentshukumo yezoqoqosho

Namhlanje initialling kusebenza ikakhulu komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemimiselo yalo ngezenzo zomthetho zicaciswa gca kule migaqo, ngendlela enye okanye enye enxulumene nolawulo yomthetho umsebenzi amazwe kwezoqoqosho. Kodwa owathi ukuba esi sixhobo ezisebenzisekayo ukufikelela kwisivumelwano kuphela oonozakuzaku ekhoyo?! Kwaye kutheni kungenjalo, umzekelo, isivumelwano sokuqala phakathi kwamaqumrhu amabini okanye nangaphezulu ishishini ngaphakathi kurhulumente?

You can! Ngaphezu koko, kwezinye iimeko, kucetyiswa ziingcali. Umzekelo, amava efanayo ngemvume izivumelwano apho zonke iintlobo ezenziwa ngokubambisana.

Kutheni kubalulekile ukuba sigcine kokunqumama phakathi thethwano kunye nokusayinwa koxwebhu lokugqibela?

Yonke loo nto kwi-nkcukacha-ofisi yethu. Masithi wathabatha ukuqokelela ubambisane. Loluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi kufuneka ukuba uyenze?

• Ekhaya - isiqingatha imfazwe, kwaye ekuqaleni iya kuba ekuqulunqweni kwesicwangciso zorhwebo okanye uphando (FS) zeprojekthi joint venture.
• Emva koko kufuneka ufumane umdla isithembiso sakho iinkampani ezifana aphesheya kwaye baziqhelanise nabo iyanikela zorhwebo uzilungiselele.
• Emva koko bezimali enokuba khona yamaqela avela kwamanye amazwe, ukuze siqhube thethwano ayimfuneko kumzobo olandelayo i protocol kweenjongo.
• Lungisa, uyavuma kwaye usayine onke amaqela achaphazelekayo amaxwebhu usemthethweni elona linge joint elizayo.
• Bhalisa ubambisane yabo ngokudibeneyo ukuvula i-akhawunti yebhanki nokwandisa imisebenzi enemveliso.

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ngexesha lobhaliso imo joint venture inokuba imfuneko izilungiso amaxwebhu ngemvume. Ezinjalo, umzekelo, nzima ixesha elide kangakanani kwaye dovetailed kwisivumelwano ngemisebenzi joint yezoqoqosho.

Mhlawumbi kungenzeka ukuba sivumelwano uya kungena ukusebenza phambi kokuba ubhaliso karhulumente, kwaye kwinkqubo kwenzeka ukuba kuthathelwa ingqalelo ayizange bonke. Kwaye apha kwakhona ufuna ukuqokelela amandla kunye namaqabane ukuba thethane kwakhona. Kodwa kulo mzekelo, kwaye kucetyiswa ukuba inishiyali isivumelwano, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuze kube ngokukhuselekileyo zonke izilungiso sele nje phambi kokuba ubhaliso imo joint venture.

Ukuze isivumelwano phandle nto entweni

Ngelishwa, xa ukuqukumbela izivumelwano naluphi na uhlobo phakathi amaqabane ezoshishino
awunakuze qiniseka ngokupheleleyo ukuba omnye okanye amaphepha ambalwa ngokucophelela, wavuma yaza yasayinwa liqela elinye ukuya kuxwebhu akayi ukuguqu phambi ngokutyikitya lokugqibela elinye iqela.

Ukuze uphephe oku, kukho ezinye izikhokelo. Ngoko ke, lo bangesosigxina ukuba athungwe, oko ababalwayo amaphepha kunye itywina kutyiwa ebonisa inani kweemakhishithi (hayi iphepha). Olu lwazi malunga uxwebhu iqinisekisiwe zamanzi atyikitye. Kulo mzekelo, itywina makafake yinxalenye yombhalo kunye negama lomntu banembopheleleko yaye, enyanisweni, ushicilelo iphepha, okubambelela eziphelweni umsonto, nto leyo inxeba uxwebhu.

Nokunceda initialling ...

Iziphakamiso methodological yesibini ukuze uphephe isivumelwano ngomgunyathi kunokwenzeka - okanye phambi kwephepha ngalinye initialling. Ingenza umyalelo eyodwa abantu abagunyazisiweyo mbutho.

Hi ndlela leyi, "abalibona", anikwe lethu ngqwabalala, kule meko, kunokuba "inishiyali", oko kuyinyaniso. Kuba phambi kokuba wenziwe hayi kuphela utyikityo njengesiqhelo, kodwa ngenxa itywina okanye istampu, nto leyo iya kubonisa igama, igama elipheleleyo, igama lokuqala kunye nesikhundla (a division) umntu onoxanduva, inombolo yephepha kunye nenani lilonke lamaphepha kuxwebhu.