RCC "Gold": neempawu, uvavanyo. Hypersonic iza enomjukujelwa "Gold"

Kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje iingalo ugqatso kakhulu, nokuba kuthathelwa ingqalelo into yokuba ungquzulwano lokugqibela jikelele sele yenzekile iminyaka engaphezu kwama asixhenxe eyadlulayo. Noko ke, ungquzulwano ukusukela ngoko akayekanga, ngoko nyaka ngamnye lizwe izixhobo ezintsha kunye ezintsha ngokuchitha iibhiliyoni zeerandi kuwo. Kakade ke, njengoko omnye kwamagunya amakhulu kwinkqubo bamatasa kunye Russian Federation. Eli nqaku sigxile kwenye nokuqhubekayo kweli lizwe - ASM "Gold". Okokuqala, makhe Masiqonde ukuba RCC, yaye njani obu bugcisa. Ke ngoko kuya kuba lula ukuya ngqo ukuqwalaselwa ASM ezininzi "Gold".

RCC History

RCC - lo anti-inqanawa imijukujelwa, oko kukuthi, uhlobo kwezixhobo eyenzelwe ukuba litshitshiswe iinjongo yamanzi. Iiprojekthi sokuqala sale isixhobo wabonakala ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, xa iinjineli zomkhosi ndiphuphile izithuthi yaqonda emoyeni, nto leyo yenza ngokukhululekiyo emoyeni kwaye betha wokukora welinye iqela adlala nalo. Noko ke, okokuqala loo projekthi wayengekho ephepheni, kodwa enyanisweni sele amaxesha Second World War. Ngowe-1943, iJamani iye isetyenziswe ngempumelelo efanayo anti-nqanawa enomjukujelwa - kwaye ukusukela ngoko waqalisa imveliso esebenzayo yale hlobo kwezixhobo.

Ngexesha Second World War, aba imijukujelwa Kananjalo ndawumisa Japan kunye United States of America, yaye iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu emva kokuphela kwemfazwe, abantu ngophuhliso RCC yokuqala sasetyenziswa eSoviet Union - nto yaba enomjukujelwa P-15 "zeentubi". Ukususela ngoko, amazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo ukuvelisa imijukujelwa ezahlukeneyo anti-nqanawa eyenziwa rhoqo kwaye ziphuculwe. Ukuba PKR yokuqala German 1943 ukuba ukuhlasela kuphela kumgama-18 khilomitha, iSoviet SIC 1983 U-750 "zimpahla 'kuya kufuneka zizihlawulele ngokwazo kumgama ozikilometa 5.500.

Nangona kunjalo, xa imfazwe mihla belingelilo nkalo ibalulekileyo yokuhlasela lomqolo kunye namandla alo nangokuqonda - namhlanje sungula "zimpahla 'okuye elide ukuze nangoko ibonwe yi radar waqhama phantsi malunga lishumi eemitha. Yiyo loo nto imijukujelwa mihla ezincinane kakhulu ngobukhulu, kodwa unako, umzekelo, uninzi umgama ibhabhe kwi iyenzeka kakhulu, ngoxa ayibonakali radar utshaba, uze kanye phambi njongo kabukhali undize ukuya kakhulu ngempumelelo kule kujoliswe kuko.

Ngaphezu koko, abathungi zanamhlanje sisebenza ngokusekwa RCC, leyo khetha injongo yabo, wabeka indlela yakhe, ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza ngobuchule iimpahla amaxesha. Noko ke, le American abayili - kodwa kuthekani Russia?

Oku kulapho kufuneka batshintshele ASM "Gold". Ukuqulunqwa kwale enomjukujelwa sele ehamba ixesha elide, kwaye kubonakala ukuba waqala ngo-2012 uvavanyo, kodwa ayiqinisekiswanga olu lwazi. ASM "Gold" kufuneka abe igama elitsha kwimbali iingalo uhlanga - kodwa oko yimela yini? Yintoni data ngayo sezisaziwa eluntwini?

Luhlobo luni imizili?

Umjukujelwa 3M22 "Gold" - yenye nokuqhubekayo zobugcisa Russian emkhosini. Enyanisweni, xa sichaza le projekthi ngokufutshane, lo anti-nqanawa enomjukujelwa ukusetyenziswa zokusebenza hypersonic. Umsebenzi kuphuhliso, imveliso, uvavanyo kunye lokugunyazisa yaqala ngo-2011 - Beza ke ukukhankanywa okokuqala kwi-ndaba. Noko ke, eneneni, lo msebenzi kufuneka wenziwe ngaphambili, kodwa ke olu lwazi umntu akunakwenzeka kuya kukhulula okanye uqinisekise. Kuveliswe le enomjukujelwa iye "zobunjineli NGOs" - kwaye ngokusekelwe kule nkcazelo, kukho ezinye amarhe, eyile ukuba 3M22 "Gold" enomjukujelwa uyinzala ngqo kwenye projekthi evela kumenzi enye, "fireball" inkqubo ngezikhali.

ezinye iinkcukacha

Ngoko ke uyazi yintoni na imijukujelwa "Gold", kwakunye lwaqaliswa kuphuhliso lwabo. Kakade ke, kukho sisetyenziswe ingcamango yokuba yonke le nkqubo sele liqalile kakhulu ngaphambili, kodwa theory unako ukuza a lot. Njengoko le nyaniso, kukho amaxwebhu, ngokungqinelana kwayo ngo-2011, wahlelwa iqela elikhethekileyo abathungi kushishino, abalimi, apho umsebenzi wophuhliso umjukujelwa kunye nenkqubo enomjukujelwa njengoko wabekwa luphela.

Kwaba ngo-2011 ziquka imizobo yokuqala zombini enomjukujelwa kunye ezisezantsi zayo ezahlukeneyo. Lonke uphuhliso lwenziwa kwi "NPO Machine Building", kwakunye nolwahlulo zayo zokusebenza, kuquka UPKB "Ngokweenkcukacha". Nangona kunjalo, nje ngobuninzi ezi imijukujelwa ziya kwenziwa kwi-software "Arrow" kwisixeko Orenburg. Ezi data preliminary ukuba kwixesha elizayo zingatshintsha, kodwa ukususela ngo-2016 sihlelwe ukusebenzisa Orenburg "Arrow", ukuvelisa evuthayo "Gold".

uphuhliso Ukumiswa

Ngo-2012, lo matshini baqalisa ukuba ivuze ulwazi mihle - kukho ubungqina bokuba enomjukujelwa omtsha "Gold" akanakuze azalwe. imithombo abaninzi ingxelo ukuba le projekthi mhlawumbi ivaliwe ngokupheleleyo okanye lunqunyanyisiwe utshintsho olukhulu. Akukho bungqina ngelo xesha akazange landela, ngoko abantu babenokuqikelela kuphela ukuba ngaba umsebenzi kuphinde kule projekthi.

Ngenxa yoko, urhulumente wagqiba ukuhlanganisa ukusebenza iprojekthi "NPO Machine Building" kunye "Raduga" - eli nyathelo wasiwa ukuze aqalise umsebenzi obaluleke kangaka kwicandelo wamajoni projekthi lizwe. "Gold" kwafuneka ukubhalisa Navy ye-Russian Federation phezu kwayo yonke, ukuze onke amanyathelo ayimfuneko mani athathiweyo le projekthi sele defrosted.

Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzi phezu rocket liqale, kwaye entlakohlaza 2013 uluntu ndafunda ukuba xa kulo nyaka uphelileyo kuye kukho ezinye iingxaki, ngoko ke umsebenzi kwi projekthi usanqunyanyisiwe emsebenzini, kodwa ayikwazi kuba ukupheliswa kuphuhliso evuthayo "Gold" intetho.

Imeko yangoku

Kwenzeka ntoni nge uyilo kwiminyaka yakutshanje? Kakade ke, ngo-2013 no-2014 yaba uphuhliso elikhutheleyo projekthi - njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, akukho nokuba ulwazi uvavanyo lwakhe lokuqala lwenziwa kakhulu ekuqaleni, kunjalo, olu lwazi akukho mntu iyavuma. Ngokutsho imithombo ezisemthethweni, oko kuphela ngehlobo lika 2015 kwabhengezwa ukuba imijukujelwa zikulungele ukuhlolwa. Kungenzeka, uvavanyo yokuqala akazange athabathe indawo, kodwa ngo-2015 kwaba sele kukho izilingo ngokupheleleyo kwinqanaba likarhulumente kulo.

Ngenxa yoko, ngoFebruwari 2016 kwanikelwa ingxelo yokuba uvavanyo sele iqalile - naphezu ekugqityweni kweprojekthi ziya kubhengezwa ukulungela wemveliso mass. Ngo-Epreli 2016 kwanikelwa ingxelo yokuba uvavanyo iya kuhlala unyaka wonke kwaye ziya kugqitywa ngo-2017, yaye ngowe-2018 imveliso sele mass of RCC "Gold" iza kuphehlelelwa. Iimpawu yale enomjukujelwa okwangoku luxeliwe ngokupheleleyo, kodwa siyazi kakhulu ezininzi iinkcukacha, nto leyo eza kuxutyushwa ngakumbi.

izixhobo ukuziqalela

Hypersonic iza enomjukujelwa 3M22 "Gold" ziya kuqhuba ukususela Russian enomjukujelwa Cruiser 11442M. Ngokuqhelekileyo, akunakwenzeka ukuba okuqalisa rocket ngaphandle naziphi na izixhobo ezongezelelweyo nje ekulayisha ndakhwela. Kungenxa yoko le nto cruisers data ziya kuba nee isindululi ekhethekileyo 3C-14-11442M. Le ufakelo sokuqaliswa nkqo, nto leyo iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwale hlobo izixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba la manani nangona baxomoloza fresh, kodwa uhlala conjectural - zizinto ixesha ukutshintsha, kodwa ulwazi oluninzi lwangoku kanye lo namhlanje.

inkqubo yolawulo nesikhokelo

inkqubo yolawulo nesikhokelo, eza kusetyenziselwa actuate i "Gold", imijukujelwa Russian zaphuhliswa ngokwahlukeneyo. Oku kusengqiqweni, ekubeni kwezi nkqubo kunye namathuba elikhulu zilele RCC. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, izikhali anti-nqanawa yokuqala ayikwazi ukubhabha kude kakhulu, kunye nesikhokelo lwaqhutywa kunokuba krwada. Xa iimeko zanamhlanje zehlabathi yahluke gqitha, ngoko ekuqaleni-up, ulawulo, kunye nesikhokelo enomjukujelwa unikwa ingqalelo kakhulu ngakumbi.

Ngoku PKR inokubhabha undizela ephantsi kakhulu ukuthintela utshaba radar kwaye kuvule indlela yakho le njongo, yona kakuhle kakhulu, kwaye uyilungise njengoko ihamba. Iinkqubo ze evuthayo "Gold" sele ziphuhlisiwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Hi xikombiso, le yalawa kunye navigation inertial yaphuhliswa NGO "Granit-Electron", kunye nenkqubo yolawulo ngokwalo - in "NPO Electromechanics". Kwakhona, ezinye iziqalelo ziye zaphuhliswa "NPO Machine Building" ekubhekiselwe kuwo ngasentla, oko kukuthi UPKB "Ngokweenkcukacha".

iinjini

Njengoko ngokuba iinjini, nto leyo eya kuzisa enomjukujelwa ukusebenza, baye phambili ngo-2009-2010 - Kambe ke, akukho bani ngokusesikweni iingxelo wenza. Ngaphezu koko, le injini ziyilelwe kuthiwa futhi akhiwe ukuba umthengi langaphandle, ke, mhlawumbi, le nkcazelo olunikezelwa eyewash kuphela. Ngako oko, ngenxa ekuqaleni kuyilo imijukujelwa "Gold" iinjini kuba zalungiselelwa kwaye ihlolwe practice.

iimpawu technical

Enye ezona zinto umdla, Kakade ke, iimpawu zobugcisa umjukujelwa. Ntoni ungenza ntoni? Enjani khuphiswano luya kudala ehamba RCC modernity? Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuba umfuziselo yokugqibela ngempumelelo RCC, eyasekwa kummandla Russian Federation, iye P-800 "Onyx" - le enomjukujelwa ihlasela kumgama ozikilometa eziyi-300 yaye labhabha kunye ngesantya Mach 0.85. Yintoni ukunikela ASM "Gold"?

Isantya yale enomjukujelwa ayiphucukanga yaye umele amancedo inkulu kwezi projekthi. Ngokutsho data zokuqala, oko unako ukufikelela ngesantya malunga Mach 4.5, kodwa kukho amacebiso ukuba isantya imveliso yokugqibela kufikelela amathandathu imitsi. Ke ukuba umgama, nto leyo eya kusebenza umjukujelwa, apha yiko nje ezimangalisayo. Ngokutsho data preliminary, kuya kuba 300-400 khilomitha, kodwa ezi idatha isigqibo. Kukho ulwazi malunga nento yokuba ngelo xesha lwemveliso sungula ubunzima uluhlu RCC "Gold" ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-800 km yaye kufikelela amawaka eekhilomitha.

test

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, uvavanyo lokuqala esemthethweni umjukujelwa "Gold" lwenziwa kuphela ngowama-2015, kodwa ke imithombo amaninzi abonisa ukuba le nto yonke inyaniso. Eneneni, inqanaba karhulumente esemthethweni iimvavanyo zokuqala yaqala ngo-2015, ukuba zabanjwa kulo lonke-2016 kwaye ziya kugqitywa ngo-2017. Ngokutsho iziphumo zabo ziya kugqitywa kwi imfuno naziphi na iinguqulelo, emva koko i-RCC entsha izakubekwa imveliso mass.

Nangona kunjalo, kunye nokucingela ezithile nangoku kubalulekile ukufunda. Umzekelo, kwenye indawo kwi Julayi-Agasti 2012, lokwenzeka kwetyala uvavanyo kukuphoswa umjukujelwa ukusuka moya Tu-22M3 on Akhtuba - kuba kubi, kwaye imithombo abaninzi bathi ukuba ngenxa yesi sizathu ukuba uphuhliso yeprojekthi imiselwe kulo nyaka.

Emva konyaka apho, e Akhtubinsk, oko kwenziwa olunye uvavanyo - umjukujelwa kwakhona lehla ukusuka moya, nangona kunjalo, oku sungula ndingungantweni, lo moya yaba mfutshane kakhulu. Izizathu zokukholelwa ukuba rocket kwaba kanye ASM "Gold", lunika ndlebe kwintloko Tactical imijukujelwa Corporation, apho wathi ukuba Russian Federation sele imijukujelwa ukuba bahlasele hypersonic.

NgoSeptemba waloo nyaka kuye kwabanjwa phezu Akhtuba wesithathu irula sungula ukusuka moya - waphinda waba impumelelo. Kungenzeka ukuba kwase le ngexabiso "Gold", okanye nayiphi na enye proto supersonic, leyo lwavavanywa ngexesha eRashiya.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, ngehlobo lowe-2015 Imfuno uqala ngokufihlakeleyo wayengasekho, njengoko kwenziwa isaziso malunga ukulungela RCC "Gold" iimvavanyo karhulumente ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye uvavanyo lokuqala lwenzeka ngo-Disemba ka nyaka - ukuba akukho kuphinda ukuqala ukusuka moya. Ngelo kwiinda olwalubekwe sungula emhlabeni Nenoksa ezinzima, ukusuka apho sungula lokuqala wayefezekile. Noko ke, impumelelo - rocket, ephaphazela esibhakabhakeni, phantse nangoko bawa emhlabeni.

Zonke ezi mvavanyo aye awa phantsi, nangona kunjalo, ukuba nayo rocket wakha ukubhabha. Kwathi ngoMatshi 2016. Zonke obufanayo Nenoksa ukususela ekuqaleni kwenziwe emhlabeni lomphehlelelo oluxandileyo, ibonakalise ukuba yimpumelelo enkulu. Kwaba ngoko ukuba eendaba ngokusemthethweni isaziso ukuba kuvavanyo ASM omtsha "Gold" kwaqala.

zenethiwekhi

Ngoko PRK "Gold" tyala sele ehamba malunga nonyaka, kokugqitywa kwezi mvavanyo icetyelwe kulo nyaka kwaye, kunye namathamsanqa, ukuvulwa yemveliso abaninzi. Kodwa ngaba ezi imijukujelwa, xa phi ukulungele? Sele ingxelo ukuba baya kuba axhobileyo Cruiser 11442M, leyo kungokunje ivavanywa maxesha ukuze bakwazi kokuzifaka le mijukujelwa.

Noko ke, kukho kwakhona izicwangciso ixesha elide. Okokuqala, RPC "Gold" ziya kufakwa kwi Cruiser 11442 "Pet Veliky", loo maxesha apho icwangciselwe 2019. Ukongeza, ezi imijukujelwa ziya kunikwa lweenqanawa ezintywilayo besizukulwana sesihlanu "Husky". Aba multi-njongo inkwili senyukliya kodwa wada wangena imveliso. Baba kwibakala yoyilo lo. Kodwa izikhali anti-nqanawa "Gold" yenzelwe becala ngenjongo ukudibanisa kulo "Husky" inkqubo eza kwenza i data ngwenya aku- yingozi ebulalayo olusebenzayo.