Green-ngembola index. index nococeko ngomlomo. kuxilonga kugqirha wamazinyo

Ngaba uyazi ukuba ukucoca ulwimi lwakho kakuhle? Ukuba ufuna ukuba uncumo kwakukuhle, kufuneka ufunde ukuze anyamekele kwisisu yakhe yomlomo. Ngoku siza kuzama ukufundisa le.

index zisempilweni

Lwezempilo Index of Green-ngembola ikuvumela ukuba ukuqikelela ixabiso lwethathari ukubola ngokwahlukeneyo. Ukuze ubone le sifundo amazinyo ezintandathu 31, 11, 16, 26 - moya vestibular, 36, 46 - zeelwimi. Plaque zibe nokuhlolwa kunye izisombululo bokudaya ( "Luhlaza", Schiller Pisareva "Erythrosin") okanye abangaboniyo.

Ezi zimiselo zilandelayo kunye nendlela neplaque amazinyo :

• 0 - akukho Ukufikisa;
• 1 - nebhodi soft nesigubungelo ngaphantsi kwe 1/3 we-moya izinyo, okanye ubukho naliphi na inani iidipozithi nebala (brown, eluhlaza, njalo njalo).
• 2 - Ukufikisa ubuncwane akhiwe kwi ngaphantsi kwe 2/3, kodwa ngaphezulu kwe 1/3 ye izinyo komhlaba;
• 3 - nebhodi soft, abahlala ngaphezu 2/3 bomhlaba izinyo.

Ukumiselwa kwenkqutyana kunye supragingival ilitye izinyo yakho usebenzisa dantistskogo probe.

Ngaphezu index ezilungileyo Green-ngembola? Ukuvavanywa lwethathari (criteria neekhowudi) imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• 0 - matye azifumaneki;
• 1 - yokulahlwa kwe supragingival luvalwa ngaphantsi kwe 1/3 we-moya izinyo;
• 2 - ukwakheka, wabekwa phezu gum nesigubungelo ngaphantsi kwe 2/3, kodwa 1/3 we-moya izinyo, okanye ubukho maqhuqhuva ngamnye kwinginqi yayo wesibeleko;
• 3 - Ukufikisa supragingival luvalwa ngaphezu 2/3 we-moya izinyo okanye maqhuqhuva ilitye elikhulu ibekwe entanyeni yalo.

Green-ngembola index ibalwa ngokudibanisa amaxabiso zaveliswa ngamnye sezulu kunye kwisahlulo ngenani iinqwelo-moya kunye wafundela ngokusonga zombini amanani.

ayiyontetho yemihla ngemihla

ifomula ukubala lisetyenziswa imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

IGR-y = inani uqweqwe / inombolo moya + sum of amatye / inani imiphezulu.

Ukutolikwa i index (GPI-amaxabiso kwinqanaba yamayeza) Kuphakanyiswa:

• 0,0-1,2 - ngomumo;
• 1.3-3.0 - kuvumelekile;
• 3,1-6,0 - phantsi.

Green-ngembola index unalo amanani alandelayo uqweqwe migangatho:

• 0,0-0,6 - ngomumo;
• 0,7-1,8 - ngcono;
• 1,9-3,0 - embi.

KPU indices

Ebonisa nezalathiso yococeko le kwisisu zomlomo? Enye okuza ezisisiseko zamazinyo (KPU) ibonisa ukwanda kubola. Le leta "K" kuthetha imali umonakalo amazinyo, "P" - inani etywiniweyo, "U" - amazinyo inani asuswe okanye ngabunye. Umdibaniso wezi zithethe kunika uluvo malunga nophuhliso inkqubo wayebolela ngumntu othile.

Kukho iindidi ezintathu CPU lomlingani:

• KPUz - inani amazinyo carious kwaye waphilisa kuvavanyo;
• KPU moya (KPUP) - inani ubuso utshabalale;
• KPUpol - isixa ukuwavala yidityaniso emathambekeni.

Ezi zikhombisi zilandelayo zisetyenziselwa amazinyo non-ezisisigxina:

• P. - inani amazinyo ezaphukileyo, wayiphilisa umthamo elifutshane;
• P. - sum of Imiphezulu wabola;
• CPR - inani kwemingxuma carious namatywina.

Elilahlekileyo ngenxa yokuba utshintsho emzimbeni okanye amazinyo kufunxwa ezingazinzanga occlusion ziya kuhoywa. Xa abantwana xa uhambisa amazinyo usebenzisa ukudityaniswa okuza ezimbini: CPU kunye CP. Ukuchonga ngobunzulu iyonke lwesifo zishwankathela zombini izidanga. CPU 6 ukuya ku-10 zingqina amandla aphezulu ukubola 3-5 - ngcathu, 1-2 - asezantsi.

Ezi ziyafana musa ukubonisa umfanekiso wenene, ngenxa yokuba iziphene ezifana:

• ingqalelo kwaye babesomba amazinyo, yaye iintsholongwane;
• nangakumbi kuphela ubudala yaye ekuhambeni kwexesha uqale ukudlala izilonda carious wangaphambili;
• musa ukuvumela ingxelo umonakalo ekuqaleni.

sina ebuntwini

izikhombisi ukushiyeka ebalulekileyo KPUz kunye KPUP kukho ukungaqiniseki babo ezandayo ukubola ngenxa ukuyilwa nemingxuma ezintsha amazinyo waphilisa, ukungabi lamatywina, yidityaniso eziziisekondari izinto ezifanayo.

yidityaniso Ukuba kwisininzi ebonisa njengepesenti. Kuba le nxalenye abantu abaye bafumanisa ukuba esi sifo (ngaphandle demineralization focal), bahlulwe labemi iphandwayo kule qela kwaye iphinda phindiweyo ngo nekhulu.

Ukuze ukuvavanya ukukhuliswa kwamazinyo kummandla othile, esebenzisa olo kuqikelelwa Izinga lobukho phakathi iimeko zabantwana ezilishumi elinambini:

• inqanaba ngamandla Low - 0-30%;
• Relative - 31-80%
• elikhulu - 81-100%.

index CPITN

imeko emfundo wococeko kwisisu ngomlomo kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa indices ezahlukeneyo. Cinga CPITN ingumlingani. Lusetyenziswa practice clinical ukubeka esweni nezoVavanyo imo periodontal. Nale index ebhalwe kuphela ezo miqondiso uyenzayo angaqala ukuphuhlisa kwicala elahlukileyo (tartar, ukudumba iintsini, apho kugwetywa ukopha), kwaye alisayi kuwathathela ngqalelo ayibuyiseki umva utshintsho (ukushukumiseka kwamazinyo, nentlaka yokudodobala, ukulahlekelwa attachment epithelial).

Ekubeni kungekho umsebenzi CPITN inkqubo ezinzileyo. Lo mba ayisetyenziselwa ucwangciso ngawokuphilisa. Uncedo ibalulekileyo isantya yokuchonga, isiqulatho lolwazi, ekunyaniseni ubuchule ukuthelekisa iziphumo. Imfuneko yokuba ukonakaliswa kumiselwa ngokusekelwe ezi mpawu:

• ikhowudi X okanye 0 kuthetha ukuba akukho mfuneko ukunyanga isigulana;
• 1 ubonisa ukuba umntu kufuneka uthathe unonophelo ngenxa kwisisu zabo ngomlomo;
• 2 ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuphelisa izinto ezichaphazela ukulibaziseka bathintele ukuvelisa nococeko yobungcali;
• Code 3 ubonisa nococeko yomlomo neemfanelo kunye curettage, nto leyo edla kunciphisa nokudumba epokothweni ubunzulu liyancipha kumaxabiso encinci kune okanye ilingana 3 mm;
• 4 kuthetha ukuba ukuqinisekisa ucoceko mucosal ngokufanelekileyo ngomlomo, kwakunye curettage enzulu. Kule meko unyango edityanisiweyo.

PMA

Ngoko, siqhubeka ukuze ufumanise ukuba yintoni na index lezempilo. alveolar-papillary-litheni index (PMA) isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ubuzaza gingivitis. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi kulo mzobo, kodwa ingqalelo le nto ixhaphakileyo PMA Parma ukulungiswa. Ubukho amazinyo (lo gama kugcinwe umanyano తీసివేయి Susa) ibhalwe ngokungqinelana kwiminyaka yobudala engama-15 nangaphezulu - amazinyo-30, engama-6-11 - 24 12-14 - 28. Ngokwesiqhelo, le lomlingani PMA ngu zero.

Care yabantwana

Yintoni i index Fedorov-Volodkina? Wusebenzisele ukuba ukuqinisekisa ukuba isigulana iwotshi elungileyo phezu amazinyo akhe. Esi salathisi ifanele kusetyenziswa ukuvavanya imeko komlomo abantwana ukuya kwiminyaka 5-6. Ukumisela isifundo sakhe ubuso labial amazinyo ezintandathu.

Nezisombululo ezizodwa amazinyo efafazwe kwaye zivavanywe phambi kuyona ebhalwe kuzo. Ukubekwa dantistskogo ilitye tyana kwaye supragingival eyenziwa usebenzisa probe. Ukubalwa 'ngumlingani sum of the amanani afunyenwe isiqalelo ngasinye yi inani moya candelo wafunda, kulandele ngokusonga amaxabiso omabini.

yinto yamihla le

Fedorov-Volodkina Index (1968) kwaye ngoku isetyenziswa kwilizwe lethu.

Okokuqala, potassium-iodide nesisombululo ayodini-efafazwe iindevu eziphezu amazinyo ezintandathu phambi osezantsi. index ucoceko limiselwa ubunzulu umbala onesiphumo, ngoko ukuba ihlolwe indlela ingongoma ezintlanu-, kwaye zibalwa ngokungqinelana wokubala Kcp = (ΣKu) / n, apho:

• DAC - jikelele ratio zisempilweni lokucoca;
• Ku - izinga ngokuhlanjululwa okunempilo izinyo elinye;
• n - inani amazinyo.

Colorization lonke moya, isithsaba yi amanqaku 5; 3/4 - 4; 1/2 - 3; 1/4 - 2 amanqaku; ukungabikho umbala - 1. Xa umyinge oqhelekileyo esempilweni kufuneka ingadluli 1.

PHP

Yaye yintoni na indices best impilo yomlomo? Kuvamile ukuba lo mba ngendlela (PHP). score Zizonke nebhodi zipeyintwe amazinyo ezintandathu. Isalathisi ibalwa ngokujonga ikhowudi ngezinyo nganye UPawulos neekhowudi ommandla ngamnye. Ngaphezu koko, zonke iikhowudi kwamazinyo ezihloliweyo esongezwa wamcacisela ngenxa lahlulwe ngenani amazinyo.

Icandelo ubuhle

Isalathisi impilo olusetyenziswa yi bamazinyo. ayisebenzisa yobuhle isibonisi zamazinyo ziluma ukumisela ubume. It oqondela indawo emazinyweni isakhiwo ulume kule ezinqamlezileyo, sagittal nezalathiso nkqo. Isetyenziswa kunye abaneminyaka engama-12.

ukuhlolwa

Ziziphi na iziphumo zovavanyo lwentsebenzo zoviwo lonyango kugqirha wamazinyo? Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba uphando olubanzi abahlali lubonisa indlela yabo impilo ibandakanya ngokubonelela iimeko kuphuhliso lwabo ngokomzimba, nokuthintelwa kwezifo ngokwenza yococeko efanelekileyo, imisebenzi umbala, unyango kunye nezentlalo.

Injongo kukomeleza kuxilonga kunye nokulondolozwa impilo yoluntu, ukwandisa ubude kubomi babo.

yovavanyo lonyango lenzelwe ukusombulula iingxaki ezifana:

• Uphononongo lonyaka kwimpilo yabantu;
• esweni olubanzi zezigulane;
• uyasokola imikhwa emibi, ucupho kunye nokuphelisa oonobangela kwamazinyo;
• ukuziphatha Active nangexesha elililo amanyathelo zokuzonwabisa nezinyangayo;
• ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nomgangatho medical aid ukuya labemi usebenzisa umsebenzi zilandelelana kwaye oqhagamshelwano phakathi zonke iintlobo zamaziko, ezinkulu-scale inxaxheba koogqirha ukuzibonakalisa ezahlukeneyo, ukuqaliswa ngenkxaso yobugcisa, iintlobo ezintsha ubunye, indalo kweenkqubo mechanical ukuba uhlolo labavoti ngophuhliso lweenkqubo ezizodwa.

ukubukela abantwana

Kuhlaziywa index ye-Green-ngembola, oogqirha ukwakha iqela lokuqaphela lemithi abantwana:

• Group 1 - abantwana abangenalo emoyeni;
• iqela 2 - enyanisweni, abantwana enempilo linembali nasiphi na isifo esinganyangekiyo okanye etsolo aluchaphazeli umsebenzi amalungu omzimba abalulekileyo;
• iqela lesithathu - abantwana abanezigulo ezingapheliyo kwindawo elungeleleneyo, inkqutyana kunye decompensated ikhondo labo.

Ekwenzeni amatakane iimviwo zamazinyo ukubhiyozela izigaba ezithathu:

• Kwisigaba sokuqala, uhlolo lwenziwa zobhaliso ngamnye umntwana ngamnye, uviwo olongezelelweyo esibhedlele, uze ubone ukuqwalaselwa kwezigulane qela, ukuqikelela unyamezelo zomntwana ngamnye uze ubhekisele iimviwo phambili.
• Okwesibini - anokuvela lisekwa amaqela zamagugu elimisiweyo iimeko isigaba esinye kunye nesifundo ngokuqhubekayo, kulingana yahlulwa phakathi izigulane emayezeni ngoogqirha, kufuneka waneliseke avavanywa izigulane unazo kunye nonyango kwesibhedlele.
• In the sesithathu - oogqirha limisele rhoqo kunye nohlobo yokuphicothwa ukuba umntwana ngamnye, amanyathelo echanekileyo zokuxilonga ngamayeza nokunyanga, ngokungqinelana utshintsho kubume bentlalo, nokuhlola ukusebenza follow-up.

Okubaluleke kakhulu kukuba umbutho umsebenzi wokufundisa nokuthintela izifo zamazinyo ebantwaneni kunye nokudalwa nkuthazo unonophelo kuba amazinyo ke entsha.

ukuhlolwa okhulelweyo

Ukuze kufikelelwe isiphumo ezona ekuthintelweni kwezifo amazinyo, kufuna uququzelelo kweemviwo lwempilo yamazinyo kunye izifo nococeko kumabhinqa, abasetyhini ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kwi-ofisi yamazinyo, oogqirha okwenziwa:

• zokuzicoca kwisisu ngomlomo;
• uncedo ekukhetheni iindlela ezisisiseko kunye olongezelelweyo unonophelo yomlomo yococeko, ulawulo noqeqesho;
• ezempilo;
• remineralizing therapy kwandisa ukungawi wayesebenzisa yamazinyo.

yidityaniso Prevention

Ingcaciso-Green-ngembola index ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthintelweni kwezifo ze amazinyo oomama abakhulelweyo, nto leyo eyilelwe ukuphumeza iinjongo ezimbini: nokuthintela uphuhliso yidityaniso abantwana Esibelekweni nokuphucula imeko zamazinyo yabafazi.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba impilo kamama kuchaphazela inkqubo ngokubekwa amazinyo ngosana luqala ngo kwiiveki 6-7 sokukhulelwa. Oogqirha sele uqinisekile ukuba ezimbi ezahlukeneyo ngeempawu ezalatha into imenza ehlukene of wayesebenzisa zamazinyo kwaye maxa wambi ime kwi ibakala calcification ephambili. Kwixesha Kukudandatheka, ukuba akwazi ukuqwebela, kodwa hayi ukufikelela kwinqanaba eqhelekileyo.

Umfazi sele sikwinqanaba zokuqala zokukhulelwa lehla tissue zamazinyo nzima periodontal ngenxa imeko amahlwempu wococeko kwisisu ngomlomo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kufuneka ukuba ukuphumeza amanyathelo othintelo logama nje umntwana uzelwe. Oogqirha ukucebisa abafazi ukuba balandele indlela echanekileyo zomsebenzi ukuphumla, umthambo nesondlo vitamin bhetele.

odontolith

Umphezulu izinyo uvakalelo kwimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo. It abunjwe concretions ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• inkqubo ihlafuna amalungelo;
• nomkhuba snacking kunye nokusetyenziswa inani onomtsalane iziselo nezihlwahlwazayo kanye carbohydrate;
• reception ukutya kakhulu soft;
• izifo izibilini;
• ukutshaya kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala.

Kumafa yayo, amatye phezu-kunye subgingival evela kwenye into eyahlukileyo. Kule nakolu calcium carbonate, magnesium lokuqala calcium phosphate. Ukongeza, kuba kunzima kakhulu. Elesibini lithatyathwe nebhodi yamazinyo, equlethe isixa esikhulu zeentsalela ukutya, iiseli epithelial, yencindi, iintsholongwane ezinxulumene amathe viscous.

Yintoni into yokuhlambulula kwisisu zomlomo? Ngayo ukunqanda ukuyilwa concretions. Oogqirha bacebisa Utyelelo rhoqo amazinyo kwaye usebenzise FLOSS amazinyo, yamazinyo kunye olugqibeleleyo iibhrashi ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Kwakhona kuyenzeka ukuba isicelo yokuvungula kwaye umlomo kwisisu ngomlomo.

ulwimi

Kwaye ngoku khangela indlela ecocekileyo ulwimi. Ukuba le umzimba alingenele - kwindlela yakho yokwetyisa isempilweni. Ukususela kwimihla noHippocrates, oogqirha wacela isigulane ukubonisa ulwimi. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ivela emzimbeni kumphezulu wayo wagxothwa isixa khorwisaka zeBlack. Ukuba ulwimi baziqwebele iintsholongwane, zibe ayityhefu.

Kweli umzimba papillae eziliqela, amaqhuma sisigingqi, kubandakanywa amasuntswana ezincinane ezikayo amalungiselelo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ulwimi kujoliswe le ntsholongwane. Bona ephethe ngamathe phezu amazinyo, yaye ngakumbi kubonakala umoya elizothe - ungqinisiso.

Ukuba umntu rhoqo hlantswa ulwimi, ukufumana usulelo emzimbeni wakhe intsonkothile, uvakalelo ezimnandi receptors ukunyuka, kuthintela gingivitis, yokusila iphecana disorder, isifo periodontal, ukubola kwamazinyo.

Eli qumrhu kufuneka Ndolutshayela bonke, ingakumbi abatshayayo kunye nabo ulwimi "geographical", phezu kuzo nezibaya enzulu Nemiqela.

Ukunyamekela ulwimi wenze amazinyo emva ukuwuhlamba umlomo vypoloschen. Okokuqala, iibhaktheriya zisusiwe njengokutshayelwa amanyathelo (ukusuka kwisiseko ukuya othulula) kwelinye icala lomzimba emva koko enye. Emva koko, lonke ulwimi ukubamba ibhrashi izihlandlo 3-4, nxiba yepasta yakhe ngobunono Ndolutshayela umzimba ukusuka njengengcambu elunxwemeni. Okulandelayo ufuna ukususa umlomo wakho, sebenzisa ijeli kwakhona uze ume kuyo imizuzu-2. Emva kokuba zonke ezi zazo zibe yakuhlamba ngamanzi.

Ukucocwa kolwimi kuyimfuneko ebalulekileyo yohlambuluko. Ukuphelisa i-plaque, i-mucus, iindawo zokutya, ukuphazamisa ubunzima bezinyo, mhlawumbi i-scraper okanye i-brush (uyayithambile). Ukukhubaza i-gel isetyenziswe kwi-scraper, igcwalisa i-lumens phakathi kwe-papillae ene-filamentous. Ngethuba lokukhahlazeka, likhupha i-oksijeni, enefuthe elinamandla lokulwa ne-antibacterial kwi-microerlic anaerobic yomlomo womlomo. Ukuba ukwenza le nkqubo ngokukhawuleza, ukusekwa kwepentiki yamazinyo kuya kwehla ngo-33%.

Hlanganisa umlomo

Izigulane ezininzi zibuza: "Yintoni enokususa umlomo wakho?" Ukuba iifom zakho zivuthayo, unokusebenzisa i-antimicrobial (antiseptic) kunye nezidakamizwa ezichasayo. Iziyobisi ze-Antiseptic zisebenza kwiibhaktheriya zepathogen ezibangelwa ukuxhaswa. Izidakamizwa ezichasayo ziphantse ziphazamisekile kwiintsholongwane, kodwa zinganciphisa ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo.

Kungakumbi kunokuba uhlambe umlomo wakho ukuba ugama lwakho luye lwavutha? Odokotela batusa:

• Nge-periodontitis okanye i-gingivitis, sebenzisa zombini iintlobo zamachiza, nangona ama-agent antimicrobial azosebenza kakuhle.
• Xa ukuvuvukala kwesiseko sezinyo ezisuswe, i-antiseptic agents kufuneka zisetyenziswe, umzekelo, "Chlorhexidine".

Ukuba uhlala uhlamba izandla phambi kokutya uze uphuze amazinyo nolwimi lwakho, uya kubakho ukumomotheka okomninzi kwiminyaka ezayo.