Fort Kronstadt. multimedia umboniso

City of St. Petersburg - yenye kumaziko amakhulu zabakhenkethi yehlabathi. Kodwa bambalwa siyazi ukuba ezinika ayo ibekwe nje kuphela ukuhlasela. Ukongeza kwiimyuziyam, icawa, imisele amabhotwe kunye neepaki, North ikomkhulu Russia liyi kunye ezinkulu yamandulo. Emva uPeter Omkhulu, ukwakha imizi phantsi kanye impumlo le balwa kwafuneka ukuthatha unonophelo nokhuseleko yakhe elwandle. Kungenxa yoko le nto Gulf, kunye ngasentla kunye namacala lasezantsi, waza wayalela ukwakhiwa kwiziqithi iinqaba. Kwimeko, ukuba kwizithuthi utshaba ochitha wawalwela la iinqaba, kwakufuneka kumkhawulela Kronstadt Fort. Le kubekwe phezu kwisiqithi Kotlin, iikhilomitha nje amabini ukusuka elunxwemeni yezwe, apho ibekwe phezu Saint Petersburg. Makhe ukhenketho kumphathi wesekethe lokugqibela Uyalwa aloo mzi i Neva.

Livela nqaba yokuqala

Kotlin Island kukhankanyiwe yemihla phambi wabonakala kwimephu yehlabathi ka-St Petersburg. "Sivumelwano Orekhovskiy uxolo" ngayo kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesine, owalathwe indawo umda yokunqumla phakathi ubukumkani Sweden kwaye i Novgorod Republic. Kodwa emva kweminyaka engamakhulu amathathu siqithi safudukela ubunini abamelwane wasentla. Kotlin balwa zisetyenziselwa yokupaka zasehlotyeni imikhumbi yabo. Ekwindla 1703 uPetros ndathi ukwakha inqaba phezu siqithi. Phakathi nobunye ubusika Kotlin kwaqinisa induli ngumntu, kukunaba kunye nemisinga. Kweli thuba i-Gulf of Finland na nzulu kakhulu, yaye oku kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukuba nedama sicatshulwa iinqanawa ezinkulu. Xa ngo-1704 kuqaliswe inqanawa, balwa wafumanisa ukuba ukuya kwi Neva Bay akunakwenzeka, kwaye Fort limi siqithi lwabo. NgoMeyi, inqaba kwilizwe lasemzini yamiselwa waza wafumana igama Kronshlot (ukusuka senyongo. "Royal Palace"). Yaba ezinqabeni lokuqala. Kronstadt njengenqaba kwabonakala kamva. Kronshlot elise kunxweme olusemazantsi kwisiqithi Kotlin.

Imbali iOfele kwidolophu Kronstadt

UPetros wayenqwenela ukuba le ndawo yaba omiweyo uphela. Ngoko ke, lo siqithi baqalisa ukuhambisa abantu abasebenzayo, udidi oluphakathi kunye nabathengi. Ukukhuthaza ukuba ukudlulela Kotlin wabanumzana, uPetros ndathi ukwakha ibhotwe lakhe apha. Ngelishwa, le ngongoma umdla namhlanje iye yagcinwa. Kodwa siqithi wazinza le A. Italian Menshikov Palace. Ngowe-1706, elunxwemeni elisentshona Kotlina yakhiwa redoubt Alexander-esemseleni wawakhotha. Ngo-Oktobha 1723, Peter I wabeka kwi-bume festive Fort Kronstadt. Isihloko, kwakhona, kwithuba nenguqulo Dutch lithetha "Royal City". Ngeli xesha, esi siqithi ibe okuninzi lwezindlu. Ukumkani wayalela ukuba inqaba omtsha ibiyelwe ngeendonga wonke umzi kunye nokulungisa iinqanawa. Ukwakhiwa kwinqaba iShushan sagqitywa ngo 1747.

iinqaba Southern of Kronstadt

Yinkulu isixeko ngokutsha izihlandlo eziliqela. Oku kufuneka nokuphuhlisa ubugcisa emkhosini. Ukuze sixhathise izixhobo enamandla ngaphezu utshaba ezinokubakho, urhulumente isixeko bakha endala, wamisa inqaba ezintsha. Ngeli xesha, kukho amashumi amabini ananye Uyalwa ziko St. Petersburg. Seventeen zazo zifumaneka kwi kwiziqithi Gulf of Finland. La manzi vysyaschiesya ngqo iOfele ka Kronstadt (ifoto omnye kubo phambi kwakho) ukwenza zikhumbuleka kwiindwendwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, zonke ezi inqaba ukuzithethelela yohlulwe ngasentla nangasezantsi (kuxhomekeka kwindawo xa kuthelekiswa kwi Kotlin siqithi). Okokuqala wabonakala, njengokuba sikhumbula, Kronshlot. kamva esongezelelwe omnye iinqaba ezisixhenxe ngasezantsi: yokuqala neyesibini, Milutin, uMlawuli noPawulos, Ibhetri, Prince Menshikov, noMlawuli Alexander I.

Iinqaba Northern of Kronstadt

Ezi iinqaba bathiwe ukuhlangabezana utshaba ngxaki. Bathi ke nabo ezisixhenxe. Ngaphezu koko, ukuze ukuvala sicatshulwa kotshaba lwezithuthi eSt Petersburg, kwafuneka ukuba aziphendulele Kronstadt. North Fort inombolo 2 nangoku ibekwe kwi siqithi, lo gama enye liqhagamshelene nemisinga ngu Kotlin kunye indlela ring kuhola wendlela. Enye iinqaba ezimbini ibizwa ngokuba Krasnoarmeyskaya kunye Pervomayskaya.

Iinqaba kwisiqithi Kotlin

Okukuqala kunyanzelekile kukomeleza kwidolophu Kronstadt. Ngoko ke, ngaphandle kwinqaba iShushan engundoqo, aluzunguleza idolophu, zakhiwe abangabancedani iinqaba. Okokuqala baba manzi (imisele). Ekuphuhliseni ubuchule okuhlaselayo iinqaba ngokutsha. Kuba abakhenkethi umdla ecacileyo enqaba Fort. Yakhiwa 1724 yaye igama uPetros I. kwiminyaka elishumi kamva ngo-1808 xa kwaqhambuka imfazwe kunye balwa, xa ngasezantsi siqithi kwakukho ibhetri mbini, ngoku ekuthiwa Fort Constantine. Xa entshona Kotlin, phezu wamtshicela, umi Reef. Xa isayithi ye yomdongwe redoubt 1706 Alexander kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba emva kwexesha, i-Fort lakhiwa Schantz. Kronstadt ngexesha Second World War, nezi zithuba bavele imikhosi German elikhuselweyo elunxwemeni emantla eGalfu yolwandle - ukusuka Zelenogorsk ukuya Beloostrov.

Ihlele e Kronstadt

Kwi Kotlin Island, nto leyo ngoku esiyi, ifikeleleka ngendlea kwindlela ngokusebenzisa kwitonela phantsi komhlaba. Umzi-Fort Kronstadt waba isithili St. Petersburg. Iinqaba kwisiqithi Kotlin ukubona wenze ngokwakho. Ezinye zazo zikwimeko ihlwempu ngenxa izikhukula rhoqo. Ukuhlola iOfele zasentla kunye namacala nasezantsi, kufuneka uthathe ukhenketho isikhephe a. Ezi hambo kukhenketho katerke kwenziwa kuphela kwezi nyanga zishushu. Iihambo sukela Fort Constantine. Kodwa nabakhenkethi musa ukuya elunxwemeni ukuhlola iinqaba siqithi ngayo.