Ezi gesi elula. Iimpawu hydrogen, ioksijini kunye nitrogen

Gas - enye United of mbandela. Ithe ayaba umthamo ethile, ukugcwalisa isikhongozeli yonke, ibekwe. Kodwa fluidity kunye mninzi. Zeziphi iigesi kukukhanya apho? Yintoni zisingathwa?

Irhasi kakulu

Igama "umoya" elaqanjwa emva kwinkulungwane XVII, ngenxa kwamaqabane kunye elithi "isiphithiphithi." Izinto ezithile kunye eneneni, ukuba ingalawuleki. Zihamba ngendlela random, ukutshintsha isikhokelo lonke ixesha xa ujamelene kunye nabanye. Bazama ukuba bazalise yonke indawo.

I zegesi ke okwanamhlanje bakhonkxwa kunye, ngokwahlukileyo ukuya molecule ulwelo kunye eziqinileyo. Uninzi eziphilayo yayo akunakwenzeka ukuba bazive nge izivamvo. Kodwa igesi ube nezinye iimpawu, umz, ubushushu, uxinzelelo, mninzi.

mninzi yabo kwandisa njengoko ukunyuka koxinzelelo, njengoko ukwandisa xa ukunyuka lobushushu. Irhasi kunenye na hydrogen, inzima - uranium hexafluoride. Gesi zisoloko kuxutywe. Ukuba amandla ukusebenza womxhuzulane, umxube waba owahlukeneyo. Easy ukuba aluphakamise enzima, phezu koko kuhla.

Ezi gesi kunenye - is:

• hydrogen;
• nitrogen;
• oksijini;
• methane;
• carbon dioxide.

I zokuqala ezintathu ibhekisela zero iqela etafileni ngamaxesha athile, uze uthethe ngazo ngezantsi.

hydrogen

Yeyiphi igesi elula kunenye? Impendulo izicacele - hydrogen. Le nto yokuqala lwezakhi, nto leyo amaxesha 14.4 elula komoya. Oku otyunjwe unobumba H, amagama Latin Hydrogenium (amanzi uzalela). Hydrogen yeyona bandile iphela. Yena lilungu uninzi zeenkwenkwezi oluphakathi.

Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, hydrogen akuyongozi kwaphela kwaye non-ziyityhefu kwaye akukho ivumba kunye incasa umbala. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile ukutshintsha kakhulu iipropati. Umzekelo, ukuxubana ioksijini, irhasi ngokulula ivuthe.

It iyanyibilika platinum, intsimbi, titanium, nickel kunye ethanol. Ukusuka ukubekwa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, iya kwi zalo karhulumente. molecule Its diatomic kwaye uqina ophezulu, nto leyo enika conductivity obalaseleyo thermal le gas (amaxesha 7 ngaphezu koko womoya).

On iplanethi yethu, hydrogen ubukhulu becala kwamalunga. Ngokubaluleka kwalo inxaxheba kwiinkqubo weekhemikhali, yinto yesibini kuphela mpilo. Hydrogen equlethwe emoyeni, inxalenye amanzi kunye nezinto eziphilayo kwiiseli eziphilayo.

oksijini

Mpilo kuboniswa unobumba O (Oxygenium). Kwakhona akanawo ivumba, incasa kunye nombala phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, kwaye sikwimo sukube. molecule wayo udla ngokuba dioxygen, njengoko iqulethe atom ezimbini. Kukho uhlobo okanye zokuwaguqula allotropic - ozone gas (O3), eziquka iimolekyuli ezintathu. Kuyinto blue kwaye inani iimpawu.

Oksijini hydrogen - irhasi eziqheleke kakhulu ilula on Earth. Eqweqweni ioksijini lomhlaba ngakumbi, kuba malunga ne-47% ye ubunzima bayo. Zikwimeko ezinxulumene emanzini iqulathe ngaphezulu kwama-80%.

Gas yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ebomini izityalo, izilwanyana, abantu kunye amagciwane ezininzi. Xa umzimba womntu ngayo inegalelo reactions igcwala-unciphiso, zingangeni imiphunga zethu kunye nomoya.

Ngenxa ngokweempawu ezizodwa ioksijini, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi iinjongo amayeza. Ngoncedo zawo ukuphelisa hypoxia, izifo zesisu, ukuhlaselwa sisifo sombefu inyumoniya. Kushishino ukutya kwawo isetyenziswa njenge gas ukuphakheja. Kwezolimo, ioksijini esetyenziselwa ezicebisayo amanzi kunye neentlanzi lokuzala.

nitrogen

Kanye irhasi ezimbini ezidlulileyo, oko iqulathe athom ezimbini-nitrogen, akukho incasa ngokukhawuleza, umbala kunye ivumba. Uphawu Zimiseleni kuyo - Latin ileta N. Xa iphosphate kunye esiyityhefu ekuso laseMelika pniktogenov. Berhasi egalelwe kakhulu, kuba abasamkelayo igama azote, bona bubonakala evela French njenge "ezingaphiliyo '. igama Nitrogenium Latin, elithetha "wayezala nitrate."

Nitrogen equlethwe asidi acid, ngokuba yiklorofili, ihemoglobin kunye neeproteni yingxam engundoqo umoya. nokuqulethileyo ngamandlakazi wamatye umhlaba kunye izazinzulu ezininzi ecacisa mlilo ukuba bayithwale ukusuka yokwaleka komhlaba. Xa igesi yonke ikhona kwi neptunium, neyuranium, inxalenye ojikeleze solar, yaye ezinye mafu indawo oluphakathi.

Umntu usebenzisa nitrogen ikakhulu ngendlela engamanzi. Lusetyenziswa cryotherapy, njengesikhundla nokupakishwa nokugcinwa kweemveliso. Oku kucingwa ukuba ngokukuko imililo zokulwa, lenkosikazi ioksijini, ndiwuhlutha nje "potpitki" umlilo. Noko ke, oko kwenza kunye ukubumba lesilicon. Nitrogen idla ngokusetyenziswa ukuze Yindibanisela iikhompawundi ezahlukeneyo, umz, idayi, iziqhushumbisi ammonia.

isiphelo

Yeyiphi igesi elula? Kwaye ngoku uyazi impendulo. Ingqalelo hydrogen ilula, nitrogen neoksijini, ezinxulumene kwiqanda iqela le nkqubo ngamaxesha athile. Emva kwezi landela methane (carbon + hydrogen) kunye carbon oxide (carbon + oksijini).