Eyona inkulu nezwe ichibi Eurasia. Eyona inkulu nezwe ichibi ehlabathini

On Earth, ukuba ibekwe amachibi kwezigidi ezihlanu. Asezikhundleni 1.8% yendawo komhlaba iyonke. Eli chibi likhulu emhlabeni ehlabathini eyaziwa ngokuba luLwandle lweCaspian. It kwatsala ingqalelo izazinzulu abakhenkethi abavela kulo lonke ihlabathi.

indawo okuyo

Umbuzo: "Yintoni na le chibi likhulu kwi ndawo," impendulo ukuba ingacaci. Phakathi iinketho ubizwa ngokuba Upper, Victoria, Huron, kodwa impendulo elifanelekileyo uLwandle lweCaspian kuphela, ebizwa ulwandle kuphela ngenxa yemvelaphi yayo zembali kunye nobukhulu ezinkulu.

I-Sea lweCaspian ukwakweli kwilizwekazi yaseYurophu ekwahlukaneni kweendlela, ze amazwekazi ezimbini - Asia naseYurophu. Le ndawo iyonke dama liba 321 000 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Ukongeza emanzini, apha ke siqithi (350 ezikwere zeekhilomitha) kunye lo zwe. I inkulu kubo - oku uch-Kos (Dagestan), umgqomo-Karagan (Kazakhstan), Ashuradeh (Iran), Coeur dashi (Azerbaijan) kunye nabanye.

Five lithi ziye ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo amanzi oLwandle lweCaspian. Kuyinto Russia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan kunye Turkmenistan. Unxweme elide kakhulu malunga 2320 km kwaye lol kummandla Kazakhstan. Thelekisa i-Russian Federation unxweme eliphantsi phakathi onke amazwe - ngeekhilomitha 695 kuphela.

kunxweme aselwandle zizakubalulwa isikhundla sayo ephantsi texture kakuhle. Indawo kuphela apho ukwazi ukuhlangabezana ukuphakama, ibekwe ngasentshonalanga. Kukho kakhulu linonxweme jiko.

Eli chibi likhulu nezwe akukho ngokunxulumene iilwandle, nangona isebenza malunga 130 nemilambo. I inkulu kubo - a iVolga Russian.

In kunxweme empuma yoLwandle lweCaspian kubekwe Salt Lake Garabogazköl, nto leyo ichweba olwandle kunye abandezelekile encinane de 1980. Ngoko ke bakha unina kunye nedama, kodwa chibi bomile ngokukhawuleza zibuyiselwe endaweni Strait.

Cities ezifana Baku, Turkmenbashi (Krasnovodsk), Avaz, Aktau, Derbent afihla phezu Ugu, eli chibi likhulu ngaphakathi emhlabeni Eurasia.

physiography

Umthamo oLwandle lweCaspian yi malunga ne-44% ye-oovimba amanzi echibini ehlabathini jikelele. indawo yayo kuyahlukana nedlela phezu amanzi, nto leyo etshintsha rhoqo, kodwa umlinganiselo 321 000 ezikwere zeekhilomitha.

Ubunzulu lweCaspian kakhulu olungalinganiyo. Kumantla echibini na nzulu kakhulu, kwaye ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi kweemitha nje ezine. Kodwa kukho kwakhona yaseMzantsi lweCaspian Basin, indawo lisezantsi edulusele kwi 1025 eemitha.

Iqondo lobushushu amanzi kwakhona yahluka kwaye kuxhomekeke indawo. Lixesha lobushushu oLwandle lweCaspian iza ku Agasti, xa umzimba amanzi ndinobushushu 26 ° C. Nangona kunjalo, emzantsi nesiseko nzulu kwaye akhule ukuya ku-32 ° C.

Eli chibi likhulu eriya - enetyuwa. Kodwa sele Okukodwa elivumela ukuba amanzi abe ezahlukeneyo kumafa ukusuka olwandle. Ngokuyintloko, oku kubangelwe ukuqengqeleka lizwekazi. Imilambo beze nabo izixa ezikhulu lweCaspian carbonates calcium kunye sulphates. iyakhula inqanaba yokwanda ephuma emlonyeni iVolga ukuya ngasemazantsi-mpuma.

mphandle esezantsi sabela Northern, Aphakathi na- Southern Sea lweCaspian usebenzisa imigubasi yomnyango (Mangyshlak, Absheron). Oku ikakhulu kumphezulu uneentlenga, isanti iqokobhe kunye lisisiseko kwezinye iindawo (zentliziyo).

Iimeko zemozulu oLwandle lweCaspian uzimisele imimandla elizwekazi epholileyo sabutropikhi. Ngoko ke, ubushushu liphantsi kummandla bema kwi - 8 ° C, enyangweni + 26 ° C. Kwathiwa wabhala ingxelo lokuqala + 44 ° C kwi kumazantsi eli chibi.

jikelele silwane

Ummandla omkhulu Umhlaba echibini xa kuthelekiswa nezinye amachibi kuba sisityebi ingakumbi iintlobo, apho kukho malunga 1800. Kwezi, iintlobo 101 kuphela bobabo nentlanzi. I-Sea lweCaspian na indawo intlanzi ezixabisekileyo zorhwebo, kuquka sturgeon. Nangona oLwandle lweCaspian ithathwa ichibi curl kunye nabemi bayo babe ubungakanani obukhulu. Ngenxa yoko, fish Dolphin ayafika ubude beemitha 4.

Eli chibi likhulu ngaphakathi emhlabeni Eurasia uyazimela elwandle zehlabathi, ngoko akuyi ukuhlangabezana mbambela boqobo elwandle, jellyfish, polyp, njalo njalo. N. Kodwa ikhaya kuba lweCaspian itywina (itywina), nto leyo yayisecicini yokutshabalala. Winter oko ulindela sikumkhenkce North Sea lweCaspian, yaye ehlotyeni uhambo ukuya efikelela kuyo iVolga kunye Urals.

umhlaba emifuno

Iyonke 728 iintlobo enezityalo, uhlale oLwandle lweCaspian. Isiseko ulwelwe kunye izilwanyana.

umhlaba yemifuno lweCaspian iyavumelana ngokupheleleyo nendalo wayo emanzini. Ukusuka kweentyatyambo zikhule apho abameli ababini kuphela. It Zostera ne Rupp. Second Igama Zostera - ingca yolwandle. It kutyiswa namahlamvu elide umbala oluhlaza oqaqambileyo. Intyatyambo Kubonakala ngathi indlebe.

Rupp uthanda amanzi amtyuba, ngoko amanzi acocekileyo akukho nazo. Xa imbonakalo yabo isityalo esifana ziyanda kumila. Phezu kwamanzi ibonakala kuphela ngethuba lokudubula kweentyatyambo, lukhetha bonke abaseleyo kwi emazantsi. Rupp yezeka, kwaye iintlanzi neentaka ukuba nidle iziqhamo zalo.

Ngoko ke, lo kwelizwe chibi likhulu kweli hlabathi zizityebi enezityalo nezilwanyana. kubhuqwa Isikakhulu ezincinane kunxulumene umsebenzi bezoqoqosho babantu kunye nemeko yokusingqongileyo jikelele kummandla.

imithombo yendalo

Le ndawo inkulu chibi koovimba omkhulu oyile negesi. Imizamo yokuqala kwi imigodi kuba kude 1820. Kwaba ngoko ukuba intlalo yokuqala eweva kufuphi nonxweme Baku.

Sele isiqingatha senkulungwane kamva kwabakho ioli nangokomthamo zorhwebo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le oovimba ioli kuLwandle lweCaspian iqikelelwa kwi million tons ezilishumi.

Ukongeza kwezi kwezinikezeli amabini ngegolide, lweCaspian ohambisana iityuwa-inventri yayo, udongwe, isanti kunye lekalika.

Ngenxa yobukho ngodaka nezimbiwa amanzi kuliyeza oLwandle lweCaspian waba indawo zolonwabo therapeutic. Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba isasazeke kuphela Azerbaijan. Iran and Turkmenistan thile uyazimela kwishishini kubakhenkethi. A ukhuphiswano eliphezulu kakhulu kwi Russian kunxweme Sea Black.

Eyona inkulu ndawo chibi ezitsala ingqalelo Abalobi. Apha ke misela ukuba phantse 90% ye catch lehlabathi sturgeon. Amaxesha amaninzi mthethweni.

ukhuseleko Environmental

iingxaki zokusingqongileyo abajongene nazo kulo mmandla ukususela ekuqaleni kwimveliso ye-oyile. Ukubhola, izibonelelo yezothutho wamsongela ngakumbi ungcoliseko kokusingqongileyo kwaselwandle lutshintsho buso.

NgoNovemba 2003, i-lweCaspian uthi utyikitye Framework Convention, ejonge ukukhusela Sea lweCaspian, ukukhusela okusingqongileyo esweni izibonelelo zebhayoloji.

Ingxaki oluthile ngaphandle kwemvume, oko kunciphisa kwinqanaba kwezixa zentlanzi kunye zamanzi ivumela ixhoba ngokupheleleyo esemthethweni.