Esiye Gorky. Ngokwezibalo itheyibhile ubomi kunye nobuchule

Komxholo othi "M. Ekrakra. Ngokwezibalo itheyibhile ubomi kunye nobuchule "libambe indawo ebalulekileyo kule khosi lwesikolo uncwadi. Umbhali yenye abameli Iqaqambe ngaphezu kwazo isimo esitsha romantic kweenkulungwane 19-20, yaba ngunozala wabo ngokoqobo yali kuncwadi eSoviet. Ibali lobomi bakhe akukho umdla ngaphantsi imisebenzi yakhe, luzele ubunzima, abasebenzi, umzabalazo, apho umbhali wathabatha ubomi kwakhe nzima.

Esakhula

Omnye wababhali ezigqamileyo Russian kwaye Soviet ebabayo. itheyibhile ngokulandelelana, enikelwe ngobomi bakhe kufuneka iquke izigaba ezingundoqo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ebomini bakhe, ngowokuqala kuzo esengumntwana nolutsha. Umbhali odumileyo elizayo wazalelwa Nizhny Novgorod ngo-1868. Kungekudala waba wayeyinkedama waza wakhulela utatomkhulu engqongqo. Ngenxa iimfuno oluqhubekayo inkwenkwe ayikwazanga ukugqiba isikolo yasekuhlaleni. Kwanyanzeleka ukuba basebenze rhoqo ukuze baziphilise. Kule 1880s, waphila e Kazan, apho azama ukuya eyunivesithi; Apha wenza abahlobo kunye populists kunye wabanjwa.

Ukuqala bobuchule

Gorky, ngokulandelana itafile ye ngobomi ofakelwe yolu phononongo, iye zafumana ubunzima ezininzi kunye nobunzima phambi kokuba abe nendumasi abe ngumbhali. 1890 yaqalisa kwisigaba entsha ebomini bakhe. Yaba ngexesha le minyaka ilishumi, yena waya kwilizwe, watyelela kwelasezantsi, waqalisa ukusebenza kwi kunobhala wenkundla. Kodwa okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuba ngeli xesha kuba ngamava wakhe wokuqala zoncwadi: abhale amabali bakhe, eyapapashwa kuphela kumaphephandaba omzi zakowabo, kodwa kwiindawo ezikufuphi. Wayedibana Tolstoy kunye yaseChekhov, imisebenzi yakhe ukutsalela ingqalelo abafundi nabagxeki.

idrama

wemidlalo odumileyo zenkulungwane yama-20, saba krakra. Ngokwezibalo itheyibhile ubomi bakhe kufuneka ibandakanye oku kwisigaba esitsha kumsebenzi wakhe. Kule 1900, wazama isandla sakhe imidlalo ukubhala, leyo ndimzise kwilizwe ngokubanzi kuphela, kodwa udumo European ( "AmaFilisti", "ezinzulwini Lower"). Le misebenzi wayifaka zemiboniso abaziintloko, ekuchubekeni abatsha abanetalente sithetha ngazo njenge ababhali ezintsha ezibalaseleyo ixesha lethu.

Le theyibhile ingezantsi ishwankathela zadibana M.Gorky ubomi.

izwe

Ukususela 1906 ukuya 1913 umbhali wayehlala elubhacweni. Noko ke, waba nomdla onzulu kwiziganeko ezenzeka kweli lizwe, kwaye phambi kokuba ngokunduluka kwakhe yaba lilungu le-Labour Party. Phesheya, yena ukubhala inoveli, leyo laba sisiqalo ngokoqobo yali kwiincwadi. Ingakumbi udumile imisebenzi yakhe ngokuphila of Mxim Gorky. itheyibhile lwamaxesha kufuneka ibonise lo kwisigaba esitsha kumsebenzi wakhe. Umbhali wabhala trilogy ngobuntwana bakhe, ukufikisa omdala ngokudlala ifomu lobugcisa zonke ebinazo anyamezele ebudeni beminyaka-hamba, nasekusweleni kunye nentlupheko.

ukubuya

I-October Revolution wathabatha umbhali impikiswano. Kwelinye icala, yena ke waba sizana iiBolsheviks,, ezibalulekileyo kwemigaqo-nkqubo yabo zizifundiswa. Wangena intlalo yoluntu, ngenxa yemigudu yakhe imigudu izazinzulu ezininzi, ababhali wasinda ubuhlwempu kunye nendlala. Zithi Gorky, ngokulandelana itafile lobomi linikwa kwi nqaku, waya phesheya phantsi ngesebe konyango kwi 1920, kodwa eneneni ngenxa yokungafani ezizinzululwazi neqela. Wayehlala kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo yaseYurophu, ngeli urhulumente waseSoviet lamcela ukuba babuyele kweli lizwe.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ngokwezibalo itheyibhile ubomi Gorky imele ukubandakanya kwisigaba sokugqibela umsebenzi wakhe. Ngowe-1930 wabuyela eSoviet Union, waba esebenzayo, igalelo ukudityaniswa kwicala yali of ababhali. On ngokwakhe, ebibanjwe kwinkongolo sokuqala apho entsha trend uncwadi lwabhengezwa lisalawula nokhunye kuphela. Umbhali wafa ngo-1936. Esi siganeko iqukumbela itheyibhile lwamaxesha. ubomi Gorky kunye nomsebenzi kulo ziboniswe kwifomu isishwankathelo kuba lula ukuba ukhumbule.