Eli chibi sinzulu ehlabathini. Eli chibi ezinzulu awona

"Izimvu, ibiya kubonakala, kukuba ukucinezela abantu kunye ubungangamsha nobukhulu - kuyo yonke enkulu, bonke kakuhle, ngokukhululeka, yaye kungakholeleki - oko kukuthi, phezu koko, liphakamisa." Ngawo la amazwi Rasputin, ubukhulu becala kuchaphazela bayahlelwa Russian Empire, ingxilimbela echaphazela Russia kunye kwehlabathi kude kube ngoku.

Kodwa yintoni na ngokwenyani? ukuba umfanekiso ezahlukeneyo ienjini of okubonakalayo emehlweni lwabahambi, abakhenkethi, abafoti, abaphandi? Yintoni na le chibi zinzulu ehlabathini ngokwenyani? Masizame ukufunda zamanzi ngakumbi.

Izimvu apho waya?

Izimvu - sibange ngamandlakazi komhlaba, lo chibi zinzulu kakhulu ehlabathini, ibekwe kumbindi Asia, phakathi Buryatia kunye kummandla Irkutsk. Ukudakumba embindini ekuthiwa zamanzi daka zone kudaleka kumo phantsi apho ixolo lithe laqhenqetha emacaleni. Ngenxa yoko, Lake izimvu ikhula kwi-2 cm ngonyaka ngamnye, kwaye kwixesha elizayo akude, ziya kuba ulwandle yinxalenye. Nangona ngoku amanzi kuyo ukuze wonke umntu emhlabeni ngokwaneleyo for million 3.2 iilitha.

Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba lokusekwa sokuhlambela yaqala malunga 25-20 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Kodwa ngenxa hambo "Worlds kwi izimvu" ngo-2009, abaphandi ukusuka Ulan-Ude phezu kolwandle mlilo zodaka ezantsi lufumanise ukuba, ngokutsho hypothesis, uMenzi iidiphozithi zesanti kunye intlenga emazantsi. Loo kwafunyaniswa "sihlaziyekile" umzimba ngamanzi iminyaka 150 lamawaka, kwaye unxweme - ukuya ku 8000.

Abantu of Lake izimvu namabali abo

Iziphumo zophando zakudala Irkutsk State University wathi kwiminyaka 3000 eyadlulayo kwakuhlala Huns ngakuLwandle zamanzi. kwiminyaka 2000-1500 eyadlulayo, ukuba ababezahlule kwizizwe zamaTurkic abathetha, kunye nentwana kamva - kwiinkulungwane 7-8 - and Mongol.

Kangangeenkulungwane 12-13. BC kumiwa izimvu Barghouti, ekugqibeleni bephathwa Buryats abahlala edikeni ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Izimvu lingcwele ukuze Buryats. Kukho yamabali amaninzi malunga nemvelaphi yayo.

Omnye wabo uthi ukuba idike zinzulu ehlabathini ngokusuka entliziyweni wolunye uhlanga, awayitshisayo ngokucokisekileyo emhlabeni. Ukususela ezinzulwini zomhlaba zazamazama umjelo wamanzi izalisa emhadini.

Zigutyungelwe imfihlakalo kunye ezihlanjeni kunye neentaba. Umzekelo, i-shaman camp rock siqithi. Ukuwisa imithetho kweevili zakhe akunakwenzeka. Kuphela ihashe okanye sleigh. Zonke kuba umnini uhlala ilitye le Angara, Ama Sagan-Noyon. Kwaye shaman-ilitye - undinike isiqwenga elulwalweni, yabulala izimvu intombi yakhe Angara.

Kutheni "izimvu"?

Mhlawumbi, kanye wahlala kummandla izimvu baseTurkey kuthiwa chibi zinzulu ehlabathini kuthenga-Kul, gama elo elithetha "zizityebi echibini". Kusenokwenzeka ukuba yi-Mongolian Baigal UDalai, gama elo elithetha "ichibi elikhulu", waza waba negama lakhe.

Ukufunyanwa of chibi zamanzi

Ekubeni Ukufika kwabantu kwi-Lake izimvu waqalisa ukufunda kuyo. Iziphumo "inzululwazi" kwabantu bamandulo ingabonwa kwi Cape Ludar emiqolombeni kunye petroglyphs ye Neolithic encwadini yeembali Chinese kwexesha lamaKristu.

Le njengesiqalo ukufunda Lake izimvu Russian kungathathwa phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-17. Ngowe-1643 Kurbat ivanov wavula chibi. Avvakum Petrov, ngowokuqala ukuchaza ephepheni elikhulu iyingangamsha. Ngowe-1667, eli chibi zinzulu ehlabathini okokuqala ufikelele kwimephu "njengesicwangiso YaseSiberia Land", yaye kancinane emva koko, UNikolai Spafary wayichaza ngokwenzululwazi.

Imfundo Academy of Sciences wabanika amandla okuqhubela isifundo kwedike. Ukususela 1723 kummandla izimvu zaye zabanjwa ngokokuhlala, zokuzoba, uhambo lokuhlola amanzi, sele zichaziwe, wabeka phambili yeengcinga malunga ngemvelaphi umzimba ngamanzi.

inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe kwinkulungwane yama-20 kwenza isifundo of Lake izimvu indalo. Zingena nzulu-ulwandle izithuthi, kuquka kunye nabaphandi ababekhwele emgangathweni zokomba, ukusebenza telescope neutrino - edikeni zinzulu eRashiya inika amandla enkulu uphando lwezenzululwazi.

enezityalo nezilwanyana zamanzi

lwamawa High neentlambo ezinzulu, emathafeni kunye hlathi, amanzi ekhethekileyo - iimeko uphuhliso zasendle ichibi kunye nommandla zamanzi. Eli chibi sinzulu ehlabathini - umzekelo omhle a eziphilayo evaliweyo.

Ifumaneka iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-50 iintlanzi, 27 apho - eentlobo zezityalo izezo zifumaneka, ukuba anifumananga naphi na. Cisco, golomyanka, Pike, salmon, Amur catfish - zonke ngokobutyebi, ngaphezu edikeni ezinzulu awona, nawe igama it.

Emahlathini ezingqongileyo chibi, ndizaliswe ezingaphezu kwama-80, 230 iintlobo zeentaka kunye nezilwanyana ngokulandelelana. Bear, yasendle, cormorants, iielk, Siberian Blue Robin, njengexhalanga, ixhama, amaxhama must, wolverine, Sable, itywina, uphawu izilwanyana of Lake izimvu - oku uluhlu engaphelelanga bezidalwa eziphilayo, esenzekayo emahlathini ezikhuselweyo kunye amanzi kule ndawo. ESiberia larch, yefeni, iintlobo 37, nomsedare, ulele ekhethekileyo - a izihluma ezizodwa.

usongo lokusingqongileyo

Ummandla kummandla izimvu, yahlulwe koovimba 5 no-3 iipaki zesizwe, adinga ukhuseleko. I-'66 kwinkulungwane yama-20 ngaphesheya ngaseludinini ngasezantsi wathunywa kwi Intlama nePhepha lokusila. Ukususela ngalo mzuzu siya babala zolwaphulo zokusingqongileyo.

ekungcoleni isityalo esinetyhefu ziye zakhokelela imeko ebuhlungu ka-10 square metres. km namanzi phezu komhlaba ka-70 ubude macala onke. km indawo kwi emazantsi. phenols iMPC, petrochemicals, sulphates yadlula amaxesha.

Ukuze longcoliseko ukusuka yintlama kunye okusila iphepha kwi 90 emva kwexesha wongeza ngokufihlakeleyo ipetroli echibini. 18 amawaka iitoni zepetroli kwiglasi mveliso kwindawo Ulan-Ude izimvu ezisengozini status.

I izimvu ubomi?

Logama nje kokusingqongileyo akukho nto imbi ngokupheleleyo, idike zinzulu eRashiya feeds zonke.

Abazingeli sifuna engqongwe itywina - inyama, ulusu, namanqatha. Abalobi athengise Cisco ngeendlela ezintathu, kwakunye ithole wakhe, grayling, burbot. Golomyanka - intlanzi, isiqingatha equka amanqatha, inxaxheba zithengiseke kubakhenkethi.

amandongomane Pine, pine nut ioli, ingca eSiberia, ubucwebe charoite yendawo - Lilac ilitye ekhethekileyo, njengezikhumbuzo, izixhobo zomculo - yonke into ihamba phezu kwintengiso.

Ice ne zamanzi

Xa kufikwa ice - ukususela ngo-Oktobha ukuya kuJuni - ubomi kubemi iyatshintsha. Abalobi baye baqala ekulobeni ice, ndikhwele kwicala Irkutsk Buryats. Kodwa traffic enzima awuqali de Februwari - emva ekomelezeni ngokupheleleyo noqweqwe.

Ice kuzisa ingozi. Hummocks ukuphakama lomntu akunjalo eyoyikekayo. Bayakwazi uhambe. Ngendlela echuliweyo uba lo msantsa. Ngesiquphe ivula kunye nomsindo omkhulu, ngokubanzi ufumana awuvule umlomo wakhe, oko ethintela zonke ngeenxa zonke. Loo ngendlela eyoyikekayo yabulala ngaphezu kwekhulu bangalumkanga.

Ngexesha lasebusika umkhenkce ikhula 100-120 cm, maxa wambi ukuya ku 150 Ngelo xesha okumangalisayo ebengezela negilasi. Ice ihlala kude ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Emva ngoMeyi, kusenokwenzeka ukuba bahambe iimpahla zasehlotyeni, ngokuba imozulu unomoya kule ngingqi izimvu of eSiberia ebusika avareji iintsuku -20 libalele kwi ngaphezu kwimimandla emazantsi eli lizwe.

Leeholide Lake zamanzi

Uhlobo engaqhelekanga kwaye ubuhle omkhulu uyarhuqeka beshiya bakhe. Ebusika, eli chibi zinzulu ehlabathini siyakrazula Ukuskiya, iZiko loFikelelo olwenziwe Lula, ndiqubhe, izithuthi snowmobiling, ngaphandle kwendlela, ukuba nenxaxheba ekulobeni ice nokuzingela. Iifoto izimvu wavelisa emangalisayo enhle kunye nomtsalane.

Unako ukuhlala kumaziko olonwabo. ikakhulu ukuba ibekwe ecaleni Irkutsk. Buryat - ubukhulu becala zolondolozo.

Nokufika ehlotyeni, kukho wayesonwatyiswa ezintsha. Isibhakabhaka ebanzi amanzi sisondela kiteboarders, kayakers kunye amateurs uhambo amanzi ezolileyo kwi ngeenqanawa. Mountains, iinduli kunye namahlathi zezona ngesithuthuthu entabeni, longele kunye nokunyuka enzima. Nabanqobi sentaba baqonde Cherskii kwendawo - mitha 2588 kunye 2A yeklasi.

Thatha nkxu Lake izimvu - a feat. Ngaphezu degrees 12 lobushushu amanzi lingaphumi. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba okwentlabathi elunxwemeni ukudidi oluphezulu. Ukuba awufuni ukushiya ngaphandle ifoto ngokwabo emanzini edikeni, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukhangela matheku. Njengoko amanzi lihlabe babe namandla. Ungandwendwela i ekuthiwa-Sea Small. Le lexinene into eyohlula ndawo iyonke amanzi siqithi Olkhon.

Lake izimvu - chibi zinzulu ehlabathini - ilungele iholide usapho. nezolonwabo zinika igumbi intuthuzelo ukwahluka ububanzi. Ingquzu yeSanti kunye magic air uphilise naliphi na umzimba umphefumlo.