Ulmus pumila: inkcazelo kwisityalo

Ulmus pumila hardware kunye nokutyalwa Igadi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zemithi ukusuka sodidi efanayo. Nge ruggedness ingundoqo, naye waba hlobo exabisekileyo isitishi zokuzikhusela ukhula, kunye maple American, leyo ugqiba ukugaleleka elikhulu ngakumbi.

Malunga lomculi

Abantu badla kakhulu uyakwazi ukufumana igama elithi "Elm", nto leyo iqondwa pumila Ulmus kuphela. Igama lwembumba kakhulu indalo kwaye zamaTurkic kubonisa ngokoqobo "amaxolo" yaye "abamnyama." Ngaphantsi kuyo ekungelula iintlobo ezininzi nemiterebhinti, kuquka amancinci-zodonga.

Ummandla yokukhula

Le yemvelo wokukhula Elm ezintle - ikakhulu China, ngakumbi, lo kumntla-ntshona nomntla-mpuma lizwe. Ukongeza, lo mthi inokufumaneka Western eSiberia, Mongolia, India, Korea, eTibet. Ilinywa North nakuMzantsi Melika, njenge-arhente kuncitshiswa emahlathini kwaye mhlaba igadi nenkcubeko. Wood ukungafuni kwiimeko ezikhulayo, kodwa akhethe imihlaba echumayo. Senzeka ezimnandi kunye namahlathi exutyiweyo.

Ulmus pumila: Inkcazo

Tree Tall ezahlukeneyo ngokwendalo ifikelela phantsi kweemeko kakuhle, 25 m kunye buti sangqa malunga 1 m. Sezulu ngokoma uluhlu zendalo iinzuzo zokukhula ngohlobo kwamatyholo. Ngaphandle igama oluthandwa Elm, umthi ixolo imnyama, kwaye umthunzi engwevu-brown okanye ingwevu abazizityebi, agudileyo, ukwakheka neentanda. Amahlumelo Abaselula umbala ahlukeneyo abadala. Zinelungelo umbala gray ukukhanya kumphezulu tyheli, rough okanye agudileyo, kunye lenticels iyona.

Ulmus pumila uye Lancet iimpawu ovalno- okanye elliptical- amagqabi ezimilise, ubude uvela cm-2 ukuya kwi-8 kunye nobubanzi 1.2-3.5 cm. Ipleyiti macala isiseko kunye enkcochoyini etsolo kunye nokuphela kwegqabi wona aqoqiwe. utshintsho lombala leaf kuzo namaxesha, entwasahlobo kuba kukukhanya oluhlaza, ehlotyeni - iqina ngakumbi, lube ngumthi ekwindla womnquma-yellow ithinti (iboniswe ngezantsi Ilungiselelo nemiterebhinti ngoSeptemba-Oktobha). Yeziqhamo - lionfish phantse ngeenxa zonke, njengokuntshula ubukhulu ukuya ku 1-1.5 cm, ibekwe Anut embindini.

iimeko ezikhulayo

Ulmus pumila, ifoto apho ubona kweli nqaku, kungekhona luphawulwa eliphezulu ekulindeleke ukuba ubomi - kwiminyaka nje 40-60. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha sifika ubungakanani umxhelo. Izinga lokukhula umthi iphezulu kwaye ayikho ngaphantsi umnga ezimhlophe okanye uthuthu-zodonga maple. Xa isiko Elm nabalulamileyo nomhlaba wenzala ineemfuno ezincinane njengoko kwisiqulatho sokufuma kuyo. Uzenza ophelelwe, linamandla kakhulu nembalela, ubusika-ndingenandawo (ungakwazi ukumelana ukuya ku -36 ° C) Inye kuphela ingqalelo - imithi photophilous, iphatha penumbra, kodwa elandayo mbi.

Inkcubeko Ulmus pumila kusukela 1860. Isetyenziswa kwiipaki yolwabiwo kunye nezitiya. Kakhulu kwimimandla ngokoma lizwe. Yenza inkqubo ingcambu olomeleleyo uhlobo komhlaba. It ukumelana negesi bazihlambela umoya umzi, lunqamle, inqumle. Ezi mpawu bamva zisetyenziselwa ukwakha thango. imbewu ekhuthazwa kuphela, oko aluyiyo iilekese njengengcambu kwaye ngoko etyholweni, nto leyo inzuzo. Kuye ifomu elila zokuhombisa ngamasebe ugeleza. Umthi kakhulu ezintle ixesha fruiting.

Ulmus pumila: ukuba usebenzise indlela phaya egadini?

Elm i mthi mhle kakhulu elide isiqu namagqabi amakhulu unamazinyo, kubonakala kubangel 'umdla ekwindla, xa ngokupheleleyo ngokupheleleyo iziqhamo. Xa izityalo ukulima zokuhomba iye yasetyenziswa elide. Ukukhetha ukuba lokutyala kwisiza, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba photophilous umthi kuphela ilanga uchaza ngokupheleleyo ubuhle bayo.

Crohn xa iphendula kakuhle ukuba uwashiye nokwakha. Nangona kunjalo, oku kufuneka sukela. Kwiminyaka yokuqala sidingo ukususa kuphela amasebe ezomileyo kunye yonakele. ukuthenwa okwakhayo ingaba ngu-4 iminyaka ukukhula, kwangaxeshanye musa ukulibala ukusetyenziswa var egadini. wonke umthi iyamelana izifo nezinambuzane.

Ulmus pumila, okuphakama yi-25 m, elungileyo kakhulu kwi qela, monoposadkah exutyiweyo, njengoko nakwiipaki sitsib njengoko tapeworm. Kwiimeko otyalwe zibangele engqongwe ingca eluhlaza ogudileyo kuphumelela kakhulu, ingakumbi ukuba usebenzisa gqith ne luhlobo ngokulila isithsaba. Kuphela xa nto buphazamisana mthi, oko kutyhilwa ebuqaqawulini ngokupheleleyo. umqhele wayo, kwiimeko ezinjalo bekuya kuba ifomu echanekileyo, yaye ke buti - ngqo kwaye womelele. Soliternye ukufika isetyenziswa aksenti ngesakhiwo, njengoko kukho usoloko ukutsala amehlo. Noko ke, umntu kufuneka akhumbule ukuba ukulingana kwizityalo indawo ntsimi. ezinkulu - umthi omkhulu, and vice versa, kungenjalo baphulukana yonke charm.

Ukusebenzisa Elm for Berceau

Omnye usebenzisa angaqhelekanga le Elm - imisebe emihle Bercy. Cloisters kusuka zixhonywe imiqadi inkxaso ecaleni umendo egadini okanye imizila. Kumacala omabini imithi etyalwe neendlu emasebeni ngobunono bagobe phantsi balinqabisa kwisakhelo. Ngcembe ukwandisa, zakha itonela enye eqhubekayo eluhlaza, njengoko efotweni. Unikwe umyinge eliphezulu legalelo Elm zokuhombisa unako ukufumana ngokukhawuleza.

Njengoko okucwangcisiweyo nengqondo Berceau badla kuthelekiswa ne neepali. Noko ke, akwazi ngokukhuselekileyo wachazwa udade omncinane lokuqala. Berceau nangona efana kakhulu, kodwa ezinkulu yaye enkulu ngakumbi, ixesha kunye inshorensi eluhlaza ashinyeneyo ngakumbi. Pergola kakhulu kuphela zokuhombisa kwaye kulula ukuba imbono, kufanelekile ukuba iindawo iintendelezo ezincinane. Berceau - Lilungelo leSebe i iigadi ezinkulu kunye neepaki, isiqalo nesiphelo Itonela badla mihle isethi gazebo.

Reforestation

Oku sele ikhankanyiwe ukuba Ulmus pumila isetyenziswa ngokubanzi reforestation kwiindawo ukuba phantsi nomlilo okanye ahlabayo. Indlela ephambili nangoku kungajongwa izithole ukutyala ngesandla usebenzisa Kolesov ikrele. isixhobo umdla kukuba, enyanisweni, elimxinwa steel spade. It lwasungulwa ngumlawuli zekholeji kwezolimo IKharkiv Kolesovym A. A. ngo-1883 zokutyala imithi pine sandstones.

Ukusebenzisa amanyathelo Elm ngenxa yezinto eziliqela. Okokuqala, iinkuni iphawulwa izinga lokukhula eliphezulu, yaye kwiminyaka yokuqala zibonelela izithole Silinyusa phantsi kweemeko unetarhu semitha enye. Okwesibini, imboniselo ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo iifom kweengqimba zamafu, nande yeyokuzingca imbewu. Okwesithathu, umthi ukungafuni ukuba ungaba ukumelana nembalela, ngomonde xa iqabaka kakhulu kunye etyuwa. Ngoko ke, lo viscosity zikhula phantse naphi na.