Edvard Lir: i kwisihobe ezitenxileyo

Edvard Lir (1812 - 1888) - an IsiNgesi umculi, imvumi kunye imbongi, abo baqhubeka ubudala ubudala bawabiza IsiNgesi isithethe ukuyila imihobe "ingamampunge" elifutshane.

iinkcukacha emfutshane esakhula

Adjustment liqhina I-ntsapho omkhulu, andikwazi nokuba ndithi enkulu. Edvard Lir wayengoyena mncinane. Kwiminyaka emine olisebenzisileyo udade wayo Anne, ngubani ubeminyaka imashumi mabini anamnye abadala kunaye. Anne waba unina kuye wahlala naye de kokufa kwakhe, xa wayeneminyaka engama-50 ubudala. Ukusuka ebufaneni kwafuneka ukuba bafumane ukutya. Yena wasondela imiqondiso yokuqala kunye nezaziso, waza waqalisa ukwenza imifanekiso yeencwadi umyezo. Wayepeyinta izilwanyana ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ingakumbi lukhulu kuwo zonke iintlobo izikhwenene. Lear sele draftsman esinzulu gqitha lunamagama. Incwadi yokuqala watercolors zakhe izikhwenene baphuma, xa umzobi wayeneminyaka eli-19 ubudala.

Ilifa Knowsley Hall

I-Earl of Derby waba Endaweni yakhe menagerie enkulu. Yena Ndiyixabisile ingcamango yebhongo ukupapasha incwadi ngaye. Kwiminyaka engama-21, Edvard Lir wamenywa ukuba benze imizobo izilwanyana, kwaye kukho bafumanisa italente yakhe, waba isidlo bonke abantwana abemrhawule ngeenxa zonke kuye. Wambonisa imifanekiso kubo, leyo ephelekwa funny imibongo uchaze.

nezincomo oogqirha '

kweminyaka emine wachitha Edvard Lir kwi Earl, kodwa impilo yakhe enkenenkene. yona indoda ethe-ethe. Yena amaphaphu buthathaka, iphika kunye isifuba bangaphazamiseki rhoqo, ukongeza, uphethwe sokuwa. Naye ukuxhuzula uye wafunda ukulindela njalo isusiwe.

Ngaphezu koko, uye kuye ezikwenza kukudakumba. Kwathathwa ndawonye, kodwa ingakumbi ukukhanya, wakhokela oogqirha ukuba bakholelwa ukuba ubusika 1847- 1848 unyaka iya kuba ngabokugqibela, ukuba akazange ashiye eNgilane kuye. Nantso Evard Lear washiya ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe wafudukela kwindawo ezifudumeleyo, okanye kunoko, e-Italy.

Italy kunye namanye amazwe

Kweli lizwe efudumeleyo, waqala ukupeyinta nenkangeleko. Edward wathengisa imizobo yakhe yaye watercolors nabantu, kunye nabapapashi, kuba ngaloo mihla umdla kumazwe akude inkulu, kwaye iifoto yayingekabikho. Kwaye kule khosi zikhonjiswe iincwadi zokuhamba.

Phezu kwayo yonke ukugula kwakhe, ukuba kukho umhambi ukufunda. Umculi babehamba iMeditera, zonke iziqithi zaseAegean, eGrisi, eItali, Palestine, waba phezu iNtaba iAthos, eYiputa. Wade wafikelela Indiya kunye Ceylon.

Kwaye yonke Lear wazisa ixesha elikhulu imizobo kunye neencwadi ezishicilelwe. Ngowe-1846, oko yapapashwa imiqulu emibini, enemifanekiso hambo Italy. Ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka engama-34. Ngomnyaka efanayo wapapasha incwadi yakhe yokuqala ububhanxa. Yinto incwadi inqabile into yokuba akukho nkqu Library yaseBritani. Ibizwa, ukuba ufunde ngaphandle, ngoko ke waba yimpumelelo. Ngomnyaka mnye waba nomdla iKumkanikazi eNgilani. Wacela Edward Lear kumfundisa ukuzoba. 12 Waza wamnika izifundo ukuba iKumkanikazi, ngubani Ndandisemncinci: iminyaka elishumi akubanga etroneni (wenyuka kwetrone-1837). Iingcali zithi emva kokudlala ngemizobo yakhe Lear ngcono.

Uye minkarhi hinkwayo umnqweno ukupeyinta. Wade kwabonakala umbongo yi Tennyson.

limericks

Ntoni na ke? Indlela wakha umbongo ngu Edward Lear? Iilimerikhi akazange yasungulwa ngokwakhe. Yaba isithethe IsiNgesi endala. Le fom mandulo, nto leyo lisukela emva ditty ngenkulungwane ye-16. Oko nje kuphela sung, kodwa yangqungqa kumaxesha Shakespearean, yaye kamva. Le print kuthengiswa ngeendibano nasezitratweni, ngokufuthi kunye namanqaku. Limerick iqulathe lemiqolo ezintlanu. Ezimbini ubude kunye ezimbini elifutshane, kwaye kwakhona elide lokugqibela. Ngesakhiwo kukuba:

• Exposition. Le ndoda endala ukusuka "H".
• Action. Ukuba baphela, umntu omdala.
• Imiphumela. Utheni na, ukuba kuthiwa okanye into kwenziwa kuye.

"INkosana Nepal." I imigca emibini yokuqala ochazwe Prince, usiya ngesikhephe. Intshukumo sikuko yokuba wawa isikhephe. Kunye neziphumo kunye nesiphelo lulula - yawa, yonke loo nto. Le yona impendulo kule ofisi. Ngamnye lukhatshwe igrafiki ipatheni onemiqolo umbhali.

Kodwa "umntu omdala kumda," nto leyo liqhekeza kunye ukudanisa cat neti ukusela ngaphandle emnqwazini. Uyixoxe akwenzi ngqiqo. A umfanekiso iye yaba Classic, kwakunye nayo yonke imbali Lira.

Yintoni Limerick abalinganiswa charm?

Limerick hero enze ubudenge kunye rhoqo ekwenzeni oko, kodwa kubandakanya isicengcelezo imithetho yomdlalo Kwadlula. Yintoni umdlalo ntoni, enyanisweni, kule Limerick?

Apho, ukongeza kwindoda endala owenza izenzo ezitenxileyo, kusekho abantu sane kunye ziingcathu ngeenxa zonke, abathi, bebambisene umthetho, musa ukuthanda oko Akwenzayo. Abazange lishwangusha, aphoswe ngaphandle komzi wabo, yaye bahlekise ngaye nokuba nje ukuyinqanda.

Le yabhalwa kakuhle kakhulu Oldos Haksli: oko ngazo, malunga enye, ekubhekiswe kuyo kwindawo yokuqala. Eneneni, akukho nto ayimangalisi kubo musa, umthetho, nangona kude. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba bamangaliswa ulowenza ndoda endala. Abantu ukubuza imibuzo oko kubonakala endaweni. Ngokusisiseko, Limerick amele nto yimbi ngaphandle ongunaphakade iziqephu yokulwa misebenzi okanye lukhuni nezalamane kunye nabanye. Yiloo nto eyenzeka e Limerick eneneni.

Nantsi i self-umzobo Lira kunye angayaziyo, othi ukuba ayisekho akukho Lear. Edvard Lir umbonisa ingaphakathi umnqwazi wakhe gama.

Edvard Lir: ubuchule

Ngexesha lakhe, wabhala ezininzi iziqhulo Edvard Lir. iincwadi bakhe ziquka iingoma kunye ezimnandi. Nanku umzekelo: iibhaladi bakhe kunye Limerick ngexesha elifanayo. Libizwa ngokuba "itafile kunye esitulweni." Ukukhonza njengento eyinyani, kodwa nokugcina imvano-siphelo.

Old itheyibhile sihlalo wathi: "Ndidiniwe ukuma ekoneni, ediniwe ubomi itshixiwe iindaba ezibuhlungu. Inuka ehlotyeni ngaphandle, babaleke bemke nawe kunye: i poshurshat elungisiwe, umpefumlo umoya ". isitulo Responsible kwedesika: "akwaba, umhlobo wam, wena ndaya, kodwa andizange ndiye iminenga, apha ndimi ndiya kwazi ngantoni na." "Ayikho," - wathi isitulo - "ndisaya ukuba nizame; kuba akukho nto ukuba imilenze, eyomeleleyo kunye mncane." Loo nto ummangaliso! Nantsi into emangazayo: itafile nosihlalo behla baza hobbled umqolo, uthingaza ekuqaleni. Kwaye ngoko frolic, udlale iivenkile elidlulileyo kunye iicawa wahamba yonke ngokungxama, njengoko ihashe, wokuphalisa wokuphalisa yes. Kodwa phesheya koMlambo, ibhulorho baqalisa ukucinga ukuba kamva. Good ukuwa ekhaya, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, indlela olungaziwayo! "Dada, idada, umhlobo wam othandekayo, le mouse kwi ingca kunye esimnyama, ngenisa umendo ngqo, iqala ekhaya." Idada ngemouse kwaye izibawu wabakhokelela ngqo endlwini apho belinde sasemini. Baye baba begilana, belambile kakuhle ukutya ukucula iingoma kunye ugalele iziqhulo doupadu dancing umba dada umtshato.

Xa izimvo Akuyomfuneko le ubuhle.

musicality Lira

Edvard Lir wayeyimvumi olukhulu. Wayethandwa, wayesoloko wabonakala nabahlobo abaninzi. Wahlala phantsi ipiyano (ngasendleleni, akukho namnye uye wasifundisa, wafunda Lear ngokwakhe) kwaye iqala ukwenza iintlobo iingoma, ezifana imibongo Alfreda Tennisona, imbongi edume kakhulu ixesha. Kwaye ke Tennyson, indoda kunokuba unsociable kwaye lisibekele, wavuma ukuba onke amalungiselelo zomculo lwemibongo zakhe, yena uyakwazi ukuva kuphela iingoma Lira, yonke enye into ayilunganga.

Ekupheleni ubomi Lear wahlala villa e San Remo. Akazange atshate, kwakuhlala bachelor ebomini. Edward wafela apho, yaye apho, e San Remo, wangcwatyelwa. Ubomi umsebenzi kunye yokuhamba, waphila Edvard Lir. Biography ngayo intshumayelo wethu siphezu kwabo.