Economy of North Korea: Inkcazo kunye umdla facts

Urhulumente DPRK wathi kwilizwe labo yiparadesi yokwenene: zonke noyolo, ezikhuselekileyo yaye siqinisekile ngekamva. Kodwa iimbacu ezivela North Korea ukuchaza akunjalo, ilizwe apho kuza kufuneka ndilale ngaphaya ubunakho babantu, ngaphandle kwenjongo kunye ukhetho. uqoqosho North Korea ngenxa ixesha elide kwaba ekwintlekele. Le ncwadana iya thaca iimpawu yophuhliso noqoqosho lweli lizwe.

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Uqoqosho North Korean inemisebenzi emithathu eyahlukileyo. Okokuqala, limele umyalelo onjalo apho oovimba enye unikezelo. Olu hlobo kuqoqosho ekuthiwa yesiqhelo. Okwesibini, izibonelelo ezisetyenzisiweyo ukuze bakhusele izisongelo kunokwenzeka ukuba unako ukutshabalalisa isidima lizwe. Oku kuthiwa uqoqosho vivo. Okwesithathu, sikhokelwa yimigaqo iSocialism, oko kukuthi, ubulungisa kunye nokulingana.

Kulo Kubonakala ukuba kuqoqosho North Korea - kuhlelwe ukuhlanganisa kuqoqosho kwilizwe yali. Le meko sesona ivaliwe ehlabathini, kwakunye-imi- 60 DPRK ukwabelana nkcazo ezoqoqosho kunye namanye amazwe, ngoko kwenzeka ntoni ngaphandle kwemida yayo, singakwazi ndicinga kuphela.

Eli lizwe na iimeko zemozulu kakhulu, ngoko kukho ukunqongophala kokutya. Ngokutsho kweengcali, abahlali zingaphantsi kweqondo lentlupheko, kuphela 2000, indlala Uyekile ukwenza ingxaki ebalulekileyo yesizwe. Njengoko ka-2011 North Korea phezu kwendawo 197th ehlabathini ngokwemigaqo okuthenga.

Ngenxa-nkqubo kwemikhosi abaci karhulumente wesizwe-yobukomanisi kuqoqosho Kim Il Sung ngenxa ixesha elide wahlala jini. Kuphela ukufika Kim Jong-un zaqaliswa iinguqu ezintsha zeemarike ebomini yaye yaphakamisa umgangatho wokuphila, kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Uqoqosho ngemva kwempi

Kwisiqingatha sesibini imi- 20-lwekhulu XX, Korea waqalisa ukuphuhlisa zezimbiwa kumantla elo lizwe, nto leyo isizathu yokwanda kwenani labantu. Isima emva kokuphela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Korea ngoko kwahlulwa kubini: elingasemzantsi ligqithiselwe eUnited States North wafika phantsi kolawulo yiSoviet. Eli candelo kuye kwavusa i ukungalingani kwezibonelelo zendalo kunye oluntu. Ngoko ke, emantla ngayo swi amandla ezoshishino enamandla, nakwelasezantsi - isambuku abasebenzi.

Emva kokuba ukusekwa DPRK kunye nokuzaliswa yaseKorea War (1950-1953) kuqoqosho North Korea sungule ku cinca. Akuvumelekile ukuba wenze into loosomashishini, waya ukusetyenziswa inkqubo ikhadi. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba athengise izityalo kwiimarike, kwaye iimarike ngokwabo ziye zasetyenziswa kunqabile kakhulu.

Ngo-70 abasemagunyeni baqalisa ukwenza umgaqo-nkqubo yotshintsho kwezoqoqosho. Kushishino enzima, ubugcisa obutsha ziye zaziswa. Ilizwe waqala unikezele emarikeni lehlabathi izimbiwa kunye namafutha. Ngowe-1979, North Korea sele akwazi ukuhlawula amatyala alo lwangaphandle. Kodwa engagqibekanga yaqala ngo 1980 kweli lizwe.

engamashumi amabini lobunzima

Economy of North Korea, ngamafutshane, kukho ukusilela ngokupheleleyo. Imfuno iimveliso iye yehla kakhulu, kodwa ke ngenxa yokuba i-oyile iingxaki lizwe wathi yimali. Ngo-1986 i ityala lwangaphandle zamazwe-namahlakani yaba ngaphezu kwama-3 ezigidi zeedola, kwaye ngo-2000 ngaphezu kwe-11 billion amatyala. Ithambeka kophuhliso loqoqosho obuxhasa kushishino enzima nobugcisa emkhosini, bodwa eli lizwe kunye nokungabikho kotyalo-mali ziye imiba ethintela uphuhliso loqoqosho.

Ukuze alungise imeko, kwi-owuva ye-82, kwagqitywa ukwenza uqoqosho entsha, isiseko apho ukuba uphuhliso lezolimo kunye nezibonelelo (ingakumbi amandla). kweminyaka 2 kamva yapasisa umthetho kumashishini esihlanganyelweyo, nto leyo yanceda ukuba ukutsala utyalo-mali kwamanye amazwe. 1991 kwaphawulwa nokudalwa indawo ekhethekileyo yezoqoqosho. Nakuba nzima, kodwa utyalo laphalala apho.

Le ngcinga Juche

ifuthe ngokukodwa kuphuhliso loqoqosho state i Juche ideology. Olu hlobo iingqiqo uxhulumaniso, MarxismLeninism kunye Maoism. amalungiselelo yayo ezichaphazela uqoqosho, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Revolution - indlela ukuphumeza nokwanela;
• nto ithetha ukuba i-revolution;
• ukuze kukhuselwe urhulumente kufuneka kuxhotyiswe bonke abantu, ukuba ilizwe sele ibuye ibe yinqaba;
• ikamva echanekileyo kwi revolution ovela imvakalelo ukunyaniseka angapheli yinkokeli.

Eyona nto yenza oku koko kugcina uqoqosho North Korea. Ubuninzi kwezibonelelo ngqo kuphuhliso lwe-mkhosi, kwaye imali eseleyo kulingana ngokwaneleyo ukuze asindise abantu ngenxa yendlala. Kwaye kule meko, neenkani, akukho namnye uya.

Intlekele eyehlele i-ezi 90

Emva kokuba IMfazwe, eSoviet Union yaphela ukuxhasa North Korea. uqoqosho lwelizwe uyekile ukuba azivelele wawa azisalungiseki. Korea wayeka ukunika inkxaso kunye neTshayina, kwaye zidityaniswe kunye iintlekele zemvelo esa yokuba indlala elizweni. Ngokutsho kweengcali, indlala wabangela ukufa 600 amawaka abantu. Kanye nokusekwa eseleyo yesicwangciso ayiphumelelanga. Ukwanda ukunqongophala kokudla, amandla ntlekele lubonwe yoko - uyeke amashishini amaninzi.

Noqoqosho kwinkulungwane yama-21

Babuza ukuba amandla Kim Chen ire, uqoqosho lwelizwe kancinane "ukhwaza". Urhulumente wenza iinguqulelo ezintsha kwimarike, Bakwanda isixa-mali Chinese (US $ 200 yezigidi ngo-2004). Ngenxa intlekele ekuyo i-sharing 90-kwi DPRK abaninzi semi-zomthetho zorhwebo, kodwa abasemagunyeni abazange wazama, nanamhlanje, kweli lizwe kukho "iimarike abamnyama" kunye nokungeniswa ngokungekho kweempahla.

Ngo-2009, ukuzama ukwenza uguquko kwezezimali iye yaqhutywa ukomeleza kuqoqosho zacwangciswa, kodwa ngenxa yoko ilizwe luphakame kakhulu kuneqondo lokunyuka kwamaxabiso, yaye ezinye zorhwebo ezibalulekileyo baba ezinqongopheleyo.

Ngelo xesha ka-2011 intsalela intlawulo DPRK ekugqibeleni waqalisa ukubonisa umzobo uphawu lokwengeza, kube nefuthe elihle lemali urhulumente urhwebo amazwe. Ke luhlobo luni uqoqosho North Korea namhlanje?

imbonakalo yoyilo

Into yokuba zonke izibonelelo kwi kulahlwe karhulumente, ebizwa ngokuba uqoqosho umyalelo. North Korea lelinye lamazwe yali, apho izinto zonke zezenu kurhulumente. Oko kukuthi, uzithetha imiba yemveliso, kwempahla.

Umyalelo economy of North Korea yenzelwe ukulawula ubungakanani imveliso eyenziweyo kunye namaxabiso. Urhulumente wenza izigqibo, hayi ezisekelwe kwiimfuno zokwenene labemi, kwaye amanani yocwangciso ekhokelwa ukuba thaca iingxelo zamanani. Kukho ze intsalela kwempahla, ekubeni akunakwenzeka yaye kungabi, apho urhulumente esingakwaziyo ukuzihlawula. Kodwa ke amaxesha amaninzi kakhulu uyakwazi ukukhawulelana nokunqongophala kwempahla ebalulekileyo, ngokunxulumene kunye ikhula kwiimarike mthethweni, kunye nabo, kunye norhwaphilizo.

igcwele njani namali?

North Korea uye kutshanje nje iqalile ukuba kuvela ingxaki, ngaphantsi kweqondo lentlupheko yi ¼ yabemi zwa ukunqongophala nokoyika ukutya. Kwaye xa uthelekisa uqoqosho uMntla noMzantsi Korea, nto leyo yenze icompetition Japan ekuvelisweni iirobhothi irobhothi, owokuqala empeleni ningatyhafi kuphuhliso. Noko ke, urhulumente uye wafumana indlela yokuzalisa wokulondoloza imali;

• Ukuthunyelwa minerals, izixhobo, umqhaphu, iimveliso zolimo, amalahle coking, izixhobo, izityalo;
• imboni liphucula;
• ubudlelwane trading kumiswa China (90% turnover);
• Irhafu ishishini labucala; ngokuba yonke into umrhwebi igqityiwe byi imeko-50% yenzuzo;
• ukudalwa lwemimandla zorhwebo.

Kaesong - kurhwebo kunye nesakhiwo

Kunye Republic of Korea yamiselwa epakini ebizwa njalo-mveliso, apho kukho iinkampani-15. Kule ndawo ezingaphezulu kwama-50 amawaka North Korea, umvuzo wabo phantse 2 amaxesha ngaphezulu kummandla karhulumente zomthonyama. Le paki mveliso iyingenelo omabini: South Korea amazwe kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo, kwaye North unalo ithuba elihle nizalise mali karhulumente.

Dandong emzini

Ngokufanayo, kwasekwa ubudlelane neTshayina, kuphela kule meko isebenza wongqameko urhwebo asinto ummandla mveliso, yaye isixeko Chinese ka Dandong, apho wayebambe ukuba zorhwebo. Ngoku luzele ummeli zorhwebo North Korean. iimveliso Thengisani imibutho abakwazi kuphela kodwa abameli ngamnye.

intlanzi imfuno Great. In Dandong akhona-kuthiwa intlanzi mafia: ukuthengisa kwaselwandle, kufuneka uhlawule irhafu eliphezulu ngokwaneleyo, kodwa kunjalo Uyenze ingeniso elungileyo. Kunjalo kukho daredevils abo yokungenisa kwaselwandle ngokungekho mthethweni, kodwa ngenxa yokuba izohlwayo ezingqongqo kwabo zuza ezincinane qho ngonyaka.

anika umdla

North Korea kuxhomekeke kurhwebo lwangaphandle, loo nto yinto inyani. Kodwa kuqoqosho kukho ezinye iindawo umdla, abanye babo ayikwazi kwahlulwa kwezopolitiko.

Ngoko ke, kweli lizwe kukho 16 kwiinkampu ekusetyenzwa imisiwe ngenxa ye Gulag. Besenza iindima ezimbini: ubetho-mthetho kunye nokunikezela umsebenzi simahla. Ekubeni ilizwe umgaqo othi "isohlwayo kwizizukulwana ezithathu", ezinye iintsapho bachitha bonke ubomi babo kule nkampu.

Kwisithuba nokwehla kwezoqoqosho kweli lizwe unamathupha ubuqhetseba inshorensi, yaye kumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe, apho urhulumente uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wamangalelwa kunye nemfuneko ukubuyisela iintlawulo ze-inshorensi.

Wokucinywa kwayo kwi ekupheleni 70s lodwa karhulumente ngezorhwebo amazwe. Kulo mba, kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe ayeke, nabani na, ukuba abhalise kwinkampani ekhethekileyo amazwe.

Ngexesha lentlekele, imali iphambili kutya, ukuba zibe nokutshintshanisa nantoni na.

Aprili 1, 1974 irhafu, kodwa zange ezingabo ngoosomashishini babucala zipheliswe.

uqoqosho North Korea bukaThixo kwindawo yokuqala ehlabathini uyakwazi ukuthatha iqondo sisondele kwihlabathi ngaphandle.

uqoqosho Eli lizwe iselelona oluninzi izikroba, abemi bazama ukuba ukuthutha ngalo naliphi na ithuba, nakuzo izinto ndashiyeka amakhadi ngokubuyisela imali. Ngenisa ummandla urhulumente kungenakwenzeka, yaye zonke iinxalenye obubonakalayo abakhenkethi kuthiwe ebalulekileyo, imimandla engumzekelo. Ihlabathi walahlekelwa liyavumelana, yintoni ngokwenene eyenzekayo e North Korea, kodwa uqoqosho lizwe kuthe kwenyuka kwaye mhlawumbi elishumi kamva North Korea uya kuba kumgangatho omnye lophuhliso lwezoqoqosho kunye nabamelwane balo.