Declaration of the Rights of umntwana; ukuba kubalulekile ukwazi?

Ezi ndidi abuthatha oluntu ngabantwana. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka inkathalelo eyodwa. Namhlanje, kukho ezimbini izixhobo ngamazwe apho enshrine amalungelo abantwana. Kuqala kwinto zonke, le Declaration of the waMalungelo oMntwana. It waphuhliswa Eglantine Jebb. Ekwavunyelwana eGeneva kwi 11.26.1924 iNdibano 5 uManyano Lwezizwe. Xa imigaqo yayo esisiseko 5 ziye ezisisigxina. Bona, ingakumbi, uthi:

1. Kufuneka umntwana ukubonelela ngezixhobo eziyimfuneko ukuze ithi iqola ingqondo nomzimba efanelekileyo.
2. Abantwana kufuneka banike uncedo lwezonyango ukuya abangenamakhaya neenkedama - ukubonelela ngenkxaso ngamaxesha anzima. Onayo izakulungiswa, Abalambileyo baza kuphela ukulamba - feed.
3. Ngexesha nzima umntwana kufuneka kuqala uncedo.
4. Kuyimfuneko ukuba bakhuselwe naluphi na uhlobo zokuxhaphaza Ndakhulela umoya luthando.
5. Wayinyusa umntwana kufuneka ezingqondweni into yokuba umgangatho wakhe kufuneka isetyenziswe ukuze kungenelwe abanye.

Uxwebhu yesibini, ukulungisa amalungelo abantwana, lo Declaration of Rights oMntwana, owamkelwa UN General Assembly 11.20.1959. Xa zigcawu bekutshiwo ukuba yasekwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukonwaba enoba neefowuni phezu kwabazali, abasemagunyeni, imibutho ngokuzithandela, abemi abaqhelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uzama ukuthobela amalungelo abantwana.

I-Declaration on the Rights of the Child kubekiwe kuMgaqo-siseko 10 ezijoliswe nokhuselo olukhethekileyo kunye nokhathalelo lwabantwana. ezizezi:

• Kufuneka ukuba zonke izinto ziboniswe kule amalungelo xwebhu yomthetho ngaphandle kokukhetha okanye umahluko (kungakhathaliseki ukuba yindoda okanye ulwimi, izimvo ezopolitiko okanye ezinye iimeko).
• Xa kukhutshwe imithetho eziyimfuneko ukuze anyamekele iimfuno zomntwana. Ukuququzelela ukhuselo ezizodwa neemfuneko ezifanelekileyo ukwenzela uphuhliso yengqondo yayo, ngokuziphatha nasemzimbeni.
• Ukususela ekuzalweni, umntwana unelungelo lobuhlanga kunye negama.
• Umntwana kufuneka anikwe ingenelo yokhuseleko loluntu, ukuba yinkathalelo ebalulekileyo kunye nokukhuselwa, hayi yena yedwa, kodwa (kubandakanywa siswini kunye nokhathalelo kokubeleka) unina wakhe. Declaration of Rights of the Child yadityaniswa isikhundla umntwana unelungelo kwizindlu, isondlo esaneleyo, ukhathalelo lwempilo kunye nokuzonwabisa.
• Abantwana abagula (ngokwengqondo, ngokwentlalo okanye ngokwasemzimbeni), ngenxa yesimo sabo ezizodwa, unyango olukhethekileyo kunye nokhathalelo kufuneka lubonelelwe.
• Imfundo iya kuba simahla yaye kunyanzelekile. Kuyimfuneko ukuba uphuhliso ubuchule kunye nezakhono ukuba baveze izimvo zakho, ulwazi yoxanduva yezentlalo yokuziphatha. Declaration of Rights oMntwana ikwaqulathe ilungiselelo echaza ukuba imizimba igunya loluntu kunye noluntu zinyanzelekile ukuba zenze iinzame ukuqinisekisa ukuba imidlalo abaselula kunye nokuzonwabisa.
• Kuzo zonke iimeko, umntwana kufuneka kubangabokuqala ukufumana ukhuselo noncedo.
• It Akuvumelekanga ukusetyenziswa kwabantwana imisebenzi yingozi kwimpilo yabo. Kufuneka lokukhuselwa inkohlakalo, ukungahoywa kunye nokuxhatshazwa. YamaLungelo Declaration Child kwakhona yadityaniswa isikhundla abantwana ngeke wasebenza.
• Umntwana kufuneka ukhulele ngomoya ukunyamezelana, ukuqonda kunye nabazalwana jikelele kunye nobuhlobo phakathi kwezizwe, kukwazi ukuba ubuchule bakhe namandla mayibhekiswe ancede abanye abantu.