Inkqubo zokufumana ubumi Russian ngendlela lula

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwesiRashiya kwilizwe likhulu. Uninzi lwabameleli balo banquma ukubuyela kwilizwe labo lomlando. Ezinye izikhokelo zomgaqo wokufudukela kwimeko yaseRussia zinokufaka isandla kule nto. Njengaye, umzekelo, ukupapashwa kwemithetho eyenza kube lula kubantu abaneemfuno ezinzulu neRashiya ukufumana ubemi belizwe lethu. La mathuba asetyenziswa njani ekusebenzeni?

Kulula ukufumana ubemi?

Ngentwasahlobo ka-2014, umongameli waseRashiya wasayina umthetho, njengoko, njengoko kuphawulwe ngugqirha kunye namagqwetha, kuququzelele kakhulu inkqubo yokufumana ubemi ngabaninzi beentlobo zabemi. Zeziphi na? Okokuqala, izakhamuzi zaseRussia- ezithandekayo kwamanye amazwe zinokuxhomekeka ekuthengeni komthetho waseRashiya ngokulula, ngaphandle kokuba izalamane zazo zihlala kwiRashiya yaseRashiya, kwi-USSR okanye kwiRashiya yanamhlanje.

Le nkqubo kufuneka ukuba yenziwe njani? Makhe siqwalasele iinkalo zayo eziphambili.

Iimpawu zenkqubo entsha elula

Ixesha elisondeleyo apho onke amanyathelo afanelekileyo kufuneka aphunyezwe, ngokubhekiselele kumanyathelo omthetho-inyanga ezi-3. Ukuthelekisa, ukuba umntu ufuna ukuba ngumxholo waseRussia, kodwa akathethi isiRashiya kwaye akanalo ubudlelwane bomtshato nelizwe lethu, uya kufuneka alinde ithuba lokufumana ubemi beeminyaka emi-5 (ukuba sithetha ngenkqubo eqhelekileyo yenkqubo ehambelanayo). Unako ukukhawulezisa inkqubo - mhlawumbi, ngokutshata nomhlali waseRashiya. Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ixesha livumelekile kubaviwa "abakhethiweyo" kubemi baseRashiya kunye nabantu abanokulindela ukufumana imeko ehambelana nezizathu eziqhelekileyo.

Isikhathi sisilumkiso esicacileyo, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ufumane ipasipoti yaseRussia, umntu uya kufuneka ahambe ngamanqanaba ambalwa ebalulekileyo ekunxibelelana nabasemagunyeni karhulumente. Ukuze ufumane ubumi besiRashiya kwinkqubo elula, umntu ohlala kwelinye urhulumente owela phantsi kweendlela ezichazwe ngasentla, kufuneka, ngokukodwa, abe nenkqubo yodliwano-ndlebe. Kucingelwa ukuba kuya kubakho iikomishoni ezinokuthi zithathe "uvavanyo" lweelwimi olufanelekileyo. Ngokubunjwa kwabo, njengoko kuboniswe kwimithombo ethile, kuya kuba ngabaphilologists. Kukho ulwazi ludliwano-ndlebe, olu linye lamanyathelo okufumana ubumi besiRashiya ngendlela elula, iya kwenziwa kuphela ngomlomo. Naziphi na izixhobo "zoviwo" akufanele zithunyelwe ngokubhaliweyo.

Umthetho omtsha ngobummi: imiba

Yiyiphi inkcazo yemfuno yabaviwa ukuba babhalise ubumi besiRashiya, obusungula umthetho ngokufumana ubumi baseRussia? Unokwenza, umzekelo, uqaphele ukuba izithethe zaseburashi zaseRussia ngabafaki zicelo abazisebenzisa ngokuqhelekileyo ubomi bemihla ngemihla, ebomini bentsapho. Enyanisweni, iimeko zentetho yoluntu ngolwimi lwazo lwasekhaya kwaye kuyimfuneko ukufumanisa iingcali kwi-intanethi.

Visa - iya kuqhubeka

Izilungiso kumthetho omtsha we-Federal on the Citizenship of Russian Federation nazo zibandakanya izibonelelo ezibonisa imiqathango eququzelelweyo yokungena kwabafundi baseRussia ezweni lethu kwaye bafumana apha. Ngokukodwa, lo mthetho wasemthethweni uvelise uhlobo olutsha lwe-visa - ingakumbi kulabo basemzini abaza kwiRashiya ukuze bafumane ubumi bobukumkani. Kwaye ukuba izifundo zabanye abathi ngexesha lokusayinwa komthetho sele zisele eRashiya, ziya kuthi zandiswe ixesha lokuhlala ngokomthetho kweli lizwe. Ukuba, ngokuqinisekileyo, baya kufaka isicelo esifanelekileyo kwi-FMS yaseRashiya. Ukuba akunjalo, unokuhlala kwiRussia Federation ngexesha elimiselweyo kumaphepha okufuduka. Ngelo xesha, xa ubhalisa ubummi kwinkqubo elula, akukhathazeki ukuba yeyiphi imeko esemthethweni umfokazi owela phantsi kweendlela ezikhethekileyo "ezikhethiweyo" kwintsimi yeRussian Federation. Oko kukuthi, i-visa okanye, umzekelo, imvume yokuhlala.

Ngaba kuyimfuneko ukulahla ubuzwe bokuqala?

Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ifomu elula yokufumana ubumi baseRussia kwisakhelo socwangciso olucetywayo lubamba ukugatya okufunekayo kobumi bobuzwe ngokubhekiselele kwamanye amazwe ngokungagqibekanga. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ulandela incwadi yegama lomthetho, njengoko amagqwetha athi, le mfuneko iyakunqandwa, ngokusekelwe kumagama athi "akunakwenzeka" ukulahla ubumi belizwe langaphandle ngenxa yezizathu "ezingaxhomekeke kumntu" okhoyo kwisenzo somthetho esamkelwe entwasahlobo.

Amanye amagqwetha athetha ukuba ukuqulunqwa okunikeziwe kumthetho akuhambelani nezinye iinkqubo zomthetho ezisetyenziswa kwiRussian Federation. Inyaniso kukuba ubukumkani bobabini, njengoko kwaziwa, buvunyelwe ngokomthetho eRashiya. Yingakho isikhundla esifanelekileyo kwi-Federal Law, iingcali zikholelwa, zinokudibana nenxalenye yengqondo yenkqubo yokufumana ubumi baseRussia. Indoda, ngokusekelwe kwimibono yowiso-mthetho, ngoko ke, ngokungafuni ukuthetha kunye nombuso apho ahlala khona ngaphambi kokuba abe ngummi waseRussia Federation.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto eziphawulekayo zomthetho-ukuhlala kommi waseRashiya malunga nokwamkela ubemi belizwe lethu. Amagqwetha ahlukeneyo aguqulela le mfuno ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba oku kubhekisela kwi-akhawunti yasebhanki ekhoyo ukuba isebenzise kwiRussia Federation, apho kukho imali ebalulekileyo yemali. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba umntu, mhlawumbi, kufuneka abe neyendlu okanye indlu apho kufuneka aphile khona. Olunye uluvo olunomdla kulo mbandela kukuba umviwa ukuba abe ngummi kufuneka, ukuba angabonakali iimpahla zezemali okanye ezingashenxiswayo, ubonise i-FMS oko, umzekelo, unobungcali obuthathwe kwiimarike zabasebenzi baseRussian Federation.

Ixesha elilandelayo eliphawulekayo, elithi ezinye iingcali zithi: umthetho ekuthengeni ubunyano obulula lula uthi umntu ofuna isicelo sokuba ngummi wobubambano kufuneka abonise ubuhlobo kunye neRashiya. Kodwa akuthethi ngqo ukuba njani. Ayikho imigaqo ekhethekileyo yale nto. Amagqwetha akholelwa ukuba ezininzi ziya kuxhomekeka kumthetho wokuthotyelwa komthetho kule nkalo.

Umxholo weelwimi

Enye into ebangel 'umdla kuluhlu olunye ulwimi. Umfaki sicelo sokuba ngummi, kuyimfuneko, njengoko sele sibonile ngasentla, ukubonisa ukuba usebenzisa iRashiya kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla, kwindlela yokunxibelelana kwansuku zonke. Kodwa oku, njengabameli bezinye iingcali, akuyena kuphela, kwaye, ngaphezu koko, akuyena umbandela obaluleke kakhulu. Iqiniso lokuba i-degree of expertise yaseRussia iya kuthi ihlolwe ingqalelo kakhulu kwinqanaba lencoko yodliwano-ndlebe, kodwa ngokubhekiselele kwimizuzu yokuhlala komntu kwimeko yokuthetha isiRashiya-kwintsimi yeRussia Federation okanye ngaphandle. Yaye ukuba, ngokomzekelo, i-Ukrainians izokuba lula ukufumana ubumi baseRashiya ngaphandle kokubuza imibuzo ekhethekileyo malunga nolwimi lweelwimi - kwilizwe elingummelwane inxalenye ebalulekileyo yoluntu ithetha isiRashiya, ngoko kuthiwani ngenzala yabemi abahlala eFransi Kuqondakala. Ngexesha elifanayo, njengoko ezinye iingcali zikholelwa, kungenzeka ukuba abasebenzi be-FMS baya kukhetha ukungena ngokujulile ekuhlaleni ummi wobaviwa. Xa ebona ukuba uthetha iRussia efanelekileyo, akunakwenzeka ukuba nabani na oza kubuza umntu ukuba azivumelanise nokuqhagamshelana eRussia malunga nombango wobemi.

Ubumi boShishino

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uMthetho weSithili ngoBumi beRussian Federation, ebonwe ngasentla, awusiyo kuphela umthetho wezomthetho ojoliswe ekuququzeleleni iimeko zokufuduka eRussian Federation, phakathi kwalabo abamukelwe ngo-2014. Ngokukodwa, ekwindla ka-2014, omnye umthetho wanyuswa eRashiya - ukwamkelwa kobuzwe baseRussia ngabangaphandle basebenzayo kwilizwe lethu. Ngokwalo mthetho wezomthetho, izifundo zabanye amazwe ababandakanyekayo kwimisebenzi yezoshishino okanye utyalo-mali eRashiya iminyaka emithathu okanye ngaphezulu banokuyithembela kwinkqubo elula yokufumana ubumi baseRussia.

Enyanisweni, umthetho uquka inani elithile, njengoko ezinye iingcali zikholelwa, izithintelo zecandelo. Ngokukodwa, inkqubo ekhethekileyo yokubhalisa ubumi bobuhlanga ayiyi kusebenza kubashishini ababandakanya ukurhweba, ukubalwa kwemali, ukukhangisa, ukulungiswa kwemoto, ukutya kweziluntu, umsebenzi wezindlu, umsebenzi kunye nokuqeshiswa kweenkonzo, iingcebiso zomthetho kunye nezoshishino zehotele. Kweminye imithombo, iinkcazo zifumaneka malunga nenani elikhulu lemveliso yezo shishino malunga neenzuzo ekufumaneni ubummi. Ngokomzekelo, kukho ulwazi olubonisa intsingiselo yokuba iRashiya ayifumaneli ulwaphulo kumashishini abasebenza ngokuthe ngqo kule mimandla.

Inkqubo eyenziwe lula ngohlobo oluqhelekileyo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nangaphambi kokutholwa kwezilungiso ezihambelana noMthetho weSigqeba soBumi beRussian Federation, kwakukho inkqubo eyenza abantu basemzini ukuba bafumane ubumi baseRussia kwinkqubo elula. Makhe siqwalasele iimpawu zemiqathango ekhoyo phambi kokuveliswa (kunye ngexesha elifanayo, ukusebenza kude kube ngoku - ukuba abantu abanalo ithuba lokufumana ipasipoti yeRussia Federation ngendlela ekhethekileyo).

Inkqubo apho abemi baseRussia bamkelwa khona ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe utshintsho lwangoku (kwaye ngokwenene unjalo - kubahlali baseRashiya nabangenayo imibutho kunye neRussian Federation), linikezela le migaqo elandelayo.

Umgqatswa wokuba ngummi waseRussia unokuba ngumntu omdala ongumphambukeli okanye unesimo somntu ongenapaspoti yeliphi na ilizwe kwaye ikwahlukileyo kwiindidi ezilandelayo:

- Abantu abanabantwana abangenakukwazi ukuba ngabemi beRussia Federation;

- abantu abaphethe ipasipoti ye-USSR baze bahlala kwiiphabliki zaseSoviet zangaphambili ngaphandle kokufumana ubemi.

Kwimeko yokugqibela, ngumbuzo, njengoko abanye abagwebi bathi, njengomthetho, ngabantu abathile, ngenxa yenkxalabo yokufuduka kwabantu, bahlala besemthethweni ngaphandle kobuzwe-i-USSR yaphela ukuba ikhona, kwaye ipasipoti entsha ye-republic republic ayizange ifumaneke.

Ukwamukelwa okulula okunokuba ngummi waseRashiya kwisakhelo semimiselo eqhelekileyo engaboneleli ngezibonelelo ezisandul 'ukutshalwa ngokutsha, iinkqubo, mhlawumbi ukuba umfaki sicelo ukuba abe ngummi waseRashiya ngumntwana apho omnye wabazali enepasipoti yaseRussia, okanye umntu onomntu waseRussia owamisa ukugcinwa. Ukuba ngaba abazali babini, ke okwesibini, ngaphandle kokuba engeyena umxholo waseRussia, kufuneka avume umntwana ukuba athole ipasipoti yaseRussia.

Ukwamkelwa okulula okubambisene nabemi baseRashiya kwimigaqo eqhelekileyo kunokwenzeka ukuba abantu abaneepaspoti yelizwe ngaphambili beyingxenye ye-USSR, kunye nediploma ekupheleni kweyunivesithi yaseRashiya okanye kwisiko lemfundo yesibini yezemfundo. Icandelo eliphambili - uqeqesho, ngokwemiqulu, kufuneka lugqitywe kwangaphambi kukaJulayi 1, 2002.

Inkqubo elula yokufumana ubumi baseRussia kunokwenzeka kubantu abaneepasipoti zangaphambili iiRiphabhulikhi zaseSoviet okanye abangenalo ubumi bobuphi na bamazwe kwaye bahlelwa njengengenakulungiswa. Icandelo eliphambili - umntu kufuneka abe nobhaliso eRashiya, ekhutshwe phambi kukaJulayi 1, 2002.

Umgaqo olula wokufumana ubumi baseRussia uqinisekiswe ngumthetho kubantu basemzini abahlala eRashiya, kunye nokuhlangabezana nale ndlela elandelayo:

- bazalwa kwi-RSFSR, babengabemi base-USSR;

- batshata iminyaka emithathu okanye ngaphezulu kunye nommi waseRussia;

- zikwahlulo lwabantu abakhubazekileyo kwaye banabantwana abanepasipoti yaseRussia;

- abanabantwana abangaphantsi koobani abemi baseRussian Federation, abaqatshelwa yinkundla njengengenako.

Abafokazi kunye nabantu abangenayo ipasipoti yeliphi na ilizwe, ngokubhekiselele ekubeni ngabemi be-USSR, abaye kwiRashiya yaseRussia evela kwiiRiphabliki zangaphambili zaseSoviet kwaye ababhalisile kwiRussian Federation, ekhutshwe phambi kukaJulayi 1, 2002, ingaba ngabafundi baseRashiya. Omnye umqathango onokwenzeka kubantu abanjalo kukukho imvume yokuhlala eRashiya.

Inkqubo elula yokufumana ubumi baseRussia iqinisekiswe ngumthetho wabantu bezilwanyana zeMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBili abahlala eRashiya, owayenepaspoti ye-USSR.

Enye imeko enokwenzeka yokubhaliswa kobuhlali baseRashiya kwimodi ekholekekileyo kukuthatha inxaxheba yomntu kwiprogram yelizwe ukubonelela ngoncedo ekubuyiselweni ngokuzithandela kwabantu abahlala kwamanye amazwe kunye namalungu entsapho zabo kwiRashiya.

Ubummi obulula: ukusemthethweni

Iyintoni indlela yokufumana ubumi baseRussia lula? Isimo esicacile ngoku, ngokubanzi, sifanelekileyo kwiziganeko zezicelo zobummi ngezizathu ezikuloo mithetho phambi kokuveliswa, kunye nabantu abawela phantsi kweendlela ezichaziweyo. Okokuthi, ukususela kwinqanaba lombhali-sicelo wezenzo zokuba ngummi waseRussia ngendlela elula, akunandaba nokuba usebenzisa ntoni ulwimi oluboniswe kumgaqo wezomthetho ngaphambi kokuguqulwa, okanye njengomntu onenzuzo efanelekileyo. Kodwa siya kuphawula iinkcukacha zokungafani.

Yiyiphi i-algorithm yokuyila ubumi besiRashiya kwisakhelo seendlela ezithandwayo? Ngokomgaqo, akukho nto ilukhuni apha. Umntu kufuneka afake isicelo kummandla we-FMS kwaye ugcwalise kwifomu yesicelo kwifom echanekileyo. Olu xwebhu lubonisa intsingiselo yemibandela ebonisa izinto zomntu ofuna isicelo sokuba ngummi. Isicelo kufuneka senziwe ngeikopi ezimbini, ulwimi lokuhlanganiswa kufuneka lube yiRashiya.

Kule xwebhu, kuyimfuneko ukufakela ezinye iintlobo zemithombo eqinisekisa ilungelo lokufumana ubumi baseRashiya kwinkqubo elula ngokuhambelana nezizathu ezikhankanywe ngasentla. Kufuneka kwakhona ukuhlawula umsebenzi waseburhulumenteni - ii-ruble eziyi-2. Abo bantu babeneepasipoti ze-USSR bahlala kwiiphabliki zaseSoviet zangaphambili, kodwa abanalo ubumi bala mazwe, akukho mfuneko yokuhlawula imali ehambelana nayo. Kunokwenzeka ukuba unikeze isicelo kunye namaxwebhu ahambayo ukufumana ubumi baseRussia kungekhona kwintsimi yaseRashiya. Ukwenza oku, umfaki sicelo kufuneka afake isicelo kwilizwe elikufutshane lelizwe lethu kwilizwe elithile.

Emva kokuba amaxwebhu ekufumaneni ubumi beRussia Federation afunyenwe ngabasebenzi be-FMS, umfaki sicelo ufumana isatifikethi sokuthi yonke imithombo yamkelwe, kunye ne-inventory ehamba nabo. Emva koko, kwiinyanga ezili-6 - kunye nezizathu zangaphambili zokuguqulwa kunye neenyanga ezi-3 - kwiinkqubo ezikhethiweyo, i-arhente iya kwenza isigqibo malunga nokukhutshwa kwepasipoti yaseRashiya kumntu.

Imiba yodliwano-ndlebe

Kwimeko yesibini, kungakapheli iintsuku ezi-5 emva kokungena kwamaphepha kwiNkonzo ye-Federal Migration Service, i-arhente kufuneka inike udliwano-ndlebe ngolwazi lwesiRashiya. Ikhomishini eya kuthatha "uviwo" mhlawumbi iquka inkcazo eqinisekisiweyo yaseRussia evela kwisiko lemfundo elisondeleyo kwiprofayili efunekayo. Udliwano-ndlebe-ngaphandle. Ngokwexesha lithatha malunga nesiqingatha seyure. Njengoko sele sibonile ekuqaleni kwinqaku, ukunxibelelana kwenzeka ngomlomo.

Ukuba ikhomishana inquma ukuba umntu uthetha isiRashiya kakuhle, ke ukhutshwa incwadi eqinisekisa.

Kwimeko apho umntu akakwazi ukukhupha imfuno yokulahla ubumi belizwe apho ahlala khona ngaphambi kokuba enze isigqibo sokufudukela eRashiya, kuya kufuneka ukuba athathe ixesha lokusebenzisana nearhente zokufuduka kwimeko yangaphambili, kwakunye nokwazisa i-FMS yaseRussia ngale nkqubo.

Ulwazi malunga nesiphumo seFMS sisasazwa kumfaki sicelo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngeposi - kodwa izakhiwo ezithile zommandla ze-FMS kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo zinokumisela iziteshi zabo zokunxibelelana nabemi. Ngesigqibo esihle, umntu umenywa ukuba athole ipasipoti yaseRussia.