Cannon "nekrele": ezizodwa zobugcisa, ukuguqulwa, neefoto

Xa wabonakala phezu edabini, itanki iye zajika ixesha phansi elide. Eyokuqala kwezi imishini phantse anihlasele, waza walwa nabo kuphela ngokumba izisele anti-itanki nezikhubekiso ithala elandelayo.

Basondela imipu anti-itanki, ngokokwamandla ngemilinganiselo namhlanje kukuba etyeni. Ngoxa kwiitanki kwakhona ukuba ekwandeni isikrweqe, akaba saba ukumoyika ezininzi yezi zixhobo. Kwaye apha ndawo kwakukho guns anti-itanki. Babengafezekanga yaye nzima, kodwa ngoko nangoko zidlula waqalisa bengabahloneli.

Ngaba kufuneka imipu anti-itanki namhlanje?

Abantu abaninzi abaqhelekileyo babekholelwa ukuba edabini mihla le iingalo "akudala" akukho ndawo uthi: Zempi kwamatanki ngoku azisoloko waphula nkqu iimbumbulu yakhona, Yintoni ke, esilindele esithile uhlobo imipu! Kodwa lo mbono asiyonyaniso ngokupheleleyo. Kukho ezinye iisampuli, ezinako ukufundisa ezininzi iingxaki bade oomashini "phambili". Umzekelo, umpu anti-itanki "nekrele" kwimveliso eSoviet.

Esi sixhobo ukuze umdla kukuba kufuneka sithethe ngokwahlukeneyo. Yintoni ngoku vula.

imvelaphi ku

Ehlabathini phakathi 50 zenkulungwane esidlulileyo kwacaca ukuba izixhobo antitank eziphambili imfuno engxamisekileyo yokwandisa yokulwa amandla. Isizathu yaba imbonakalo amaMelika iiprojekthi zabo lamatanki enzima. Ngelo xesha ndandinani kwi CA iingalo umpu D-10T kunye BS-3 (zombini - 100 mm). Techniques ngokufanele bekumele ukuba intsebenzo yabo ibe ayonelanga.

Eyona ndlela ilula ukunyusa ubungakanani ... kodwa ngale ndlela kukhokelele ekuyilweni lwemipu omkhulu, enzima kade-ezihambayo. Kwaye ngoko, iinjineli Soviet wagqiba ukubuyela smoothbore zokudubula, ethe ayisetyenziswanga apha ukususela 1860 eRashiya! kwenza ukuba eso sigqibo?

Kwaye nto ngesantya esiphezulu, apho kufuneka saa iqokobhe weentonga lihlaba kule umphanda. Nasiphi na isiphoso ekwenziweni umkhondo owokugqibela kuphela ukuhla olukhawulezileyo ngokuchana, kodwa kwandisa ingozi ukutshatyalaliswa zonke izixhobo. Ngenxa umphanda kakuhle imeko babotshwe izandla neenyawo. main inzuzo sawo iyunifomu zonakele.

ukukhetha lobunzima

Kodwa yintoni na rifling endaweni ukufumana? Ngapha koko, xa projectile zabo ngeendleko igcina uzinzo zokukhomba, ukuvumela ukuba aqhube umlilo olusebenzayo imigama emide! Kwaye isigqibo kwakhona ukufumana kwi indawo yolondolozo gunners. Ndafumanisa ukuba uyakwazi ukusebenzisa projectiles ezinamaphiko ukuba ngemipu smoothbore. Current (ngelo xesha) zobuchwepheshe kuvumela ukwenza oko kuphela ulungiso (coinciding kunye ubukhulu engaphakathi gun), kodwa ziyachazwa. Ngamafutshane, iqokobhe wavula iincakuba emva kokushiya umphandle umphanda (njengoko RPG-7).

Yemifuniselo yokuqala kwisampula yokuqala

Yemifuniselo lokuqala lubonise ukuba kwamatanki utshaba ethembisayo ezithile emgceni kufuneka ubuncinane umpu-105 mm. Ngelo xesha kaloliwe ingqondo ifumene ingxelo ukuba British uyilo efanayo ukuvuleka ngompu kunye nokusebenza ibonwe unangoku. umyili oyiNtloko le projekthi -. V. Ya afanaseva - eliganelwe 'ukubamba up zikufumane "okhuphisana kweli xesha lifutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Le umyili onesiphiwo ukuhlangabezana nje ixesha elabelwe, kodwa yanika ithuba ukufaka isixhobo esitsha kwamatanki zasekhaya. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, oko kubingelelwe kancinane ballistics, kuphungulwe shell kanye ukuya 1000 mm.

Ngoko ke wazalwa i "ngefoyile" - umpu anti-itanki, ifoto leyo ngokuphindaphindiweyo enikwe kweli nqaku.

Ekwakusetyenzwa ngayo indalo yayo?

Ukuze kukhawuleziswe msebenzi, siye wathabatha inqwelo evela sekhe D-48, ukuguqula kancinane isakhiwo sayo. Kodwa iimvavanyo endle ngoko nangoko wabonisa ukuba naye hlipok ukuba izixhobo ezitsha. Kwafuneka ukuba uyenze le nxalenye ukusuka ekuqaleni. New Iimvavanyo gun ngembeko ezifakwa inkonzo. Oku kwaziwa njengesixhobo gauge 105 mm "T-12". "Nekrele" isampuli mihla becala yohlukile kuyo.

Isiqu kwi umpu omtsha wenziwa umfuziselo omnye-sifuba. Ubude - 6510 mm. Le nabaqambi wakhetha ukusebenzisa esebenzayo-izidubuli ekhaleni iintlobo wayaphula. Le breech lixhotyiswe isango esime nkqo. Beqhumisa lwaqhutywa evela kweevili ngqo, kuba ngundaba-extra (ngokubhloka ukunqunyanyiswa) ingafuneki.

Ukuze ukunceda wanomfanekiso, olukwazi umpu "nekrele", iimpawu apho kuza ipeyintwe, wosondeza jonga kwi etafileni.

Qaphela ukuba oku - hayi umpu mihla "nekrele". Zibonisa ukuba iinguqulelo ezintsha okuninzi kwayo ngaphezulu.

Iimpawu emthethweni

Kuba anti-itanki gun iimbumbulu - icala lokuqala. Nkqu phenomenally ixesha losuku isixhobo oluthembekileyo iba "ithanga", ukuba usebenzisa oonokrwece lixesha, onganeno yona. Kwaye ke gun "nekrele", nto leyo ebonisa iimpawu yokusebenza ephakamileyo ethu - ubungqina ilungileyo.

Ezakhiwe ngayo izixhobo ezitsha nabo bazisa kwiinkathazo ezininzi, kuba kwakufuneka ukuphuhlisa ngokutsha. Uhlobo engundoqo - lihlaba kunye lonyuselo. Wokutshabalalisa abasebenzi utshaba usebenzisa uhlobo umgangatho ophezulu-onokudubula shot. Study yokubala olwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukufunda projectiles ihlaba. A lot of iingxaki balihlangula noboya yokugqibela, njengokuba nje akakho amava kweli nokudalwa into elolo hlobo, yaye ngenene smoothbore 100mm umpu okwangoku yoncutshe kakuhle imboni yasekhaya.

Ubunzima yayikukuba projectile kunye iincakuba bengawatyi nokuphumla ngokwaneleyo ngokuqinileyo ngokuchasene umjelo esiqwini ngaphandle wokusungula ngovukelo. apha kwaye zamkelwa ezininzi ezilahliweyo yeengqiqo, kodwa ayikho eyanelisa zonke iimfuno nabayili. Isimanga, kodwa umsebenzi isigqibo olungumtshangatshangiso ekuqaleni bazitshitshisela 'ngenxa kudidi. " kanye kwakhona Olu luqinisekisa ukuba eyona ilula - idla ngokuba inokuthenjwa.

Isisombululo entsha

Undoqo kule meko ucelwa ukuba wenze stainless maraging ngentsimbi. Icebiso-ehlukanisayo iqokobhe - ukusuka kuxwebhu sentsimbi isitampu kakhulu eqhelekileyo, esetyenziswa ukwenza ezinye iindawo somfanekiso ngumsila wena. Feathering "iintolo" ukusuka ongangokugibisela aluminiyam ekhethekileyo ingxubevange, yaye kamva wafumanisa ukuba aluminiyam anodizing idinga. Tracer icinezelwe waya ngaphakathi ngomsila kwaye ngakumbi zigxunyekwe uxhulumaniso yangaphakathi kunye engundoqo.

umsebenzi omninzi uye phambili ibhanti iqokobhe: ekugqibeleni lahlala phezu triple ukhetho, ezi ngamasuntswana iye yahlanganiswa isangqa ubhedu obtyuriruyuschim. Kwathi kamsinya nje akuba projectile ushiya umphanda imikhosi channel ashukimisayo into nihlinza nje lomculo, kwaye "Arrow", ukuvula buboya, Lisuka nje ukuya kwiitanki. Kumgama oziimitha 750 ecaleni ayikho ngaphezulu kwe 2.5 degrees kumgca othe tye emehlweni.

Iimpawu ezinye iindidi kuqhume

standard ngokudibanisa kuqhume eliphezulu-noqhushumbiso kufuneka ulwakhiwo efanayo. Kwimeko yabo umzimba projectile ubeka onamathele emkhonweni ngasemva, encamathele feathering. Umahluko yaba ukungabikho obtyuriruyuschego ibhanti apha ayafana nalawo emthini. Kuba amaqokobhe oluqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa bushing sibheqwayo ezintlanu feathering, yaye kwimeko shot ophezulu-zivutha - ezintandathu.

kuqhume ngokudibanisa ophezulu-noqhushumbiso ukwenza amabango hayi phezulu njalo kwi ngaphakathi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba wenza ngaphandle zesiqhelo (lacquer ngumfanekiswana) ngentsimbi. projectiles Sabot uhlobo olufanayo ofakelwe phandle kuphela yobhedu izingxobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu oko ayonakalanga bubudala njengezixhobo. "Ngefoyile" - umpu ngelo xesha ibiza kakhulu, ngoko iingcali babefuna nayiphi na indlela ukwandisa ubomi bayo nkonzo.

Ukugqityezelwa amaqokobhe

Kodwa ukwamkelwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iingxaki kuqhume basanda abeqalile, nanjengoko zonke zifuna uhlaziyo kakhulu. Ngokukodwa, ezi projectiles ukugqojozwa elangena maleko ngokugqibeleleyo nkqo amalungiselelo zentsimbi, kodwa ahlangabezana oluthambekileyo i kude kangako ekholisayo. Le projectile okanye uphawu isikrweqe phantsi kwezinye engile engenakwenzeka, okanye nje ricochet. Lweetiphu ziye uyaphule iqela lamatanki kuyekiswa, ngelixa iingcali baye bafumana isisombululo esamkelekileyo kubo bonke.

izinto ezintsha kuyilo

Kwathatha ukongeza nje ulwakhiwo "indumezulu" core elingaphezulu ingxubevange ixesha elide kakhulu. Xa le ndawo iye yaziswa (zalishumi 800g kuphela), ezenziwe Tungsten khabhayithi, leHamas nangoko wabonisa iziphumo fantastic: ukuba ukungena ngumntu isikrweqe izidanga iphucuke-60%!

Kungekudala zonke ezi mpawu iye yavavanywa practice. Cannon "nekrele" ukulwa ukusetyenziswa apho yaqala ngexesha ngesiganeko kwi iGolan Heights, uye wabonisa iziphumo ezigqwesileyo umthondo.

Uphuhliso olulolunye yeprojekthi

ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, umpu entsha, besondela ingqalelo zidlula eSoviet. Babechukumisekile ngamandla eliphantsi-bahlehla smoothbore gun ubunzima baso ukukhanya. zesampulu yokuqala yaqokelelwa ungxamile, awathi ngoko nangoko wenza zikhumbuleka emkhosini.

Ukuba ezifakwe kwisisu semoto yetanki T-54, esitsha 100 mm kunaso "nekrele" ngenqindi ukufunda ekujoliswe (zitsalwa lwezindlu T-54 efanayo) azigwebele, kunye imigama ezigqithileyo. Yezimvu, leyo wadlala indima crew, phantse nto iseleyo.

Ngowe-1960 naguqulwe kancincane kwi umpu meko inqwenelekayo "nekrele" waqalisa wakhela kwisisu semoto onamava (ngokwesiseko i T-55). Kungekudala emva koko, zonke iimvavanyo zigqityiwe D54, njengoko umpu smoothbore entsha eboniswe noludumileyo yayo epheleleyo. Ngokungafaniyo "nomkhosi" ulungiso ukuba iqokobhe itanki kule ngcelele ayikho kusisithintelo isicheme. Nje ezintandathu kweenyanga itanki gun "nekrele" (iifoto apho kungabonwa kule material) ezifakwa inkonzo phantsi uphawu 2A20 "Upper."

Isibakala sokuba ngokukhethekileyo kuyimfuneko wayengekho zizicatshulwa 100 mm. Ngenxa yokuba iitanki Soviet kunanini ubungakanani emba ubunzima, kwaye ungayibophi waqhekeza kakhulu iphucula ukusebenza, ufakelo yayo kwisakhiwo kwitanki lwasekhaya kwakwenzeka kuphela kwiimeko apho zonke ezinye iindlela ziye bazama ukurhoxiswa yaye akazange anikezele isiphumo oyifunayo.

iinguqulelo ezintsha

Xa 1970 yokuqala nompu "nekrele" sele ilungiswe kwakhona. Isiphumo umsebenzi izazinzulu neenjineli kube ngesixhobo i-T-12A (2A29). Metallurgists kunye ekhemisi baye bafumana indlela ukuvelisa neziqu irobust ezongeziweyo ukuba ngokuzenzekelayo wanika isiseko ucikido, iimbumbulu entsha ngcono.

Kwakhona, i-buyo sele ngokutsha ngokupheleleyo, okubangela yintoni eye phantse ukubeka ecaleni ngokupheleleyo lokungcangcazela xa ukubadubula, izinga practical wavuka phantse isiqingatha. It saphuhliswa kwaye samkelwa emehlweni ukutola ubusuku, kwakunye radar ezintsonkothileyo, eyenzelwe zombini ubusuku nemini xa ukubonakala ulihlwempu (izaqhwithi uthuli, umzekelo). Ngaphandle lo ukuguqulwa Kulula kakhulu ukuba ukwahlula, njengoko umpu ekhaleni brake ikhangeleka ngathi isihlukuhli ityuwa.

Kwangaxeshanye loyamano 2A29 yamkela projectile entsha ngokupheleleyo subcaliber kunye inxalenye yokusebenza lithatyathwe sephepha Tungsten ingxubevange. nenqaba mass linyuke kancinane, kodwa uluhlu ukudutyulwa linyuke nge-30%. Emva edishini entsha kweencwadana for ngemipu ukulwa crew. Yathi ukuba kudubula ephuculweyo Iimboniselo ukusuka 'nekrele "2A19 endala kuyathintelwa, njengoko komsipha le umphanda kunokwenzeka.

Ukususela ngo-1971, kule manqaku wahamba ezihlaziyiweyo itanki "nekrele" ngaphantsi T-12A - 2A20M1 "Upper."

isiphelo

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, esi sixhobo ngokuphawulekayo ngaphandle umhla. Kukholelwa ukuba "nekrele" kunaso andisakwazi siqinisekiso kwii oluzinzileyo iintonga kweetanki mihla, kodwa kwiimeko ezithile Kuyinto ukumelana noxanduva lwabo.

Ngenxa yoko, ngexesha ungquzulwano baseYugoslavia yayisetyenziswa ngawo onke amaqela kunye neziphumo ezihle kakhulu. Iingcali uqaphele ukuba esi sixhobo ezilungele nokulawula izithuthi ukukhanya vehicles lotshaba (enzinyana kwe BMP zasekhaya kabini). Ukongeza, i-gun "nekrele" (umfanekiso ngentla), phantse ngokuqinisekileyo Sisenokufa inkoliso kwamatanki NATO ecaleni ungqongqo. Oku kubonisa ukuba "old lady" isekhona kwangethuba kakhulu ukuya kulala.