Gun "Hotchkiss" - kwefowni photo

Nangona inkonzo yayo evelele, umpu umatshini, "Hotchkiss" zange wahlala iingalo rhoqo umkhosi ubuncinane enye ehlabathini, ngenxa yokuba ukongeza elula efanayo yecebo, akukho iimpawu ezibalaseleyo. Waye ngenkuthalo ezisetyenziswa emfazweni kwaye kwixesha kwemfazwe, xa gqaba obebandakanyeka kwi-UK kunye amathanga Indiya, nto leyo ngexesha elingaphambili kugquba eFransi, yaye namhlanje yalityalwa ngokupheleleyo ehlabathini.

Iimvavanyo ze sampula yokuqala

Ngokusekelwe kuphuhliso umpu womatshini sikhokelo, bakwazi ukwakha imodeli entsha isixhobo - umpu ngomatshini, "Hotchkiss", nto leyo esele ngo-1909 ithiwe thaca kwi- kwimarike yehlabathi kwangoko ngo-7 no-10 kg version. isampuli nzima yafakwa nge kuphela ibhuthi, nto leyo efunekayo ukutshintshwa isixa ubuncinane ixesha kubaluleke kakhulu empini, kodwa esinkini ubushushu, leyo nangoko abanomdla kwisebe gun Artkoma GAU, ngubani wagqiba ukuvavanya isixhobo esitsha kuluhlu umpu.

Nangona isibakala sokuba ngexesha ukusetyenziswa yokusilela ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwenkqubo receiver, isebe izixhobo bagqiba ukuqhubekeka uvavanyo, waza wenza umyalelo omtsha yintlama encinane ngemipu abonakale. Esi sigqibo ezinxulumene ngqo yokuba kumazwe amaninzi angaphandle, kunye imipu umshini omkhulu, bexhobe ngaphezulu "nemipu-nemipu", ndamkele ngokubanzi ngenxa yokuba amandla ayo kunye compactness isalamane, walwa ukuba akukho nto, nokuba manual - gun "Hotchkiss" kungaba okunye okuhle.

On Air Fleet in abaxhobileyo

Ngowe-1912, le nkampani iye ngumvelisi lazisa ukuguqulwa entsha umpu womatshini, eyenzelwe ufakelo ezontathu. Icebo waba umahluko uphawu kwisampula yokuqala. Gun "Gochkins" wafumana endaweni njengokubamba imfuyo ngompu, lowo kongezelelwa inkqubo ekhethekileyo emehlweni kunye neyunithi ukujikajika, lula kakhulu ukusetyenziswa xa alarm. isikolo igosa elihamba lalithabatha iikopi zokuqala izixhobo eliphezulu ngoJuni 1914, ngqo evela kumenzi.

Igalelo kwi-World lokuqala

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba imifuziselo yokuqala abazange babe ethandwa kakhulu, iinkqubo umpu, "Hotchkiss" yaba imfuno ephakamileyo phambi leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi.

Amazwe abaye bathatha phezu ebhodini:

• France - 1909. Inkqubo Well-kusekwa ivumela ukuvelisa iiyunithi ezingaphezulu kwama-700 ngenyanga nganye. Umfuziselo ithandwayo yaba French umatshini gun "Hotchkiss" ngo-1922, ubunzima kuzo zonke iinguqulelo ezilandelayo abazange ngaphezulu 9.6 kg. design Universal ikuvumela lokudubula ngesantya kwemijikelo 450 ngomzuzu, nto leyo isibonisi ebaluleke kakhulu ngelo xesha. Le model iyavela inkqubo unokumnceda na ingcinezelo omlilo, ekungasetyenzwanga msebenzi ngazo, kwaye ifakwe ngqo kwi umphanda.
• UK - 303 imveliso Mark I «Hotchkiss 'esisigxina iye yasekwa ngo-1915.
• USA - "baka Mercier" 30 M1909. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kwa kwelixesha kude kube 1916 xa i-US Army kwakungekho ngaphezu kwama-679 kwezi modeli.

Kungakhathaliseki ilizwe nomakhi wayo zinikwa inkqubo ngokusonga bipod, umsesane Umphanda kunye nezikhonkwane ukuba umpu machine lula eninzi ukufaka kwento ukukhanya, ngokubeka phantsi ngasemva obandayo ukwenzela uzinzo olukhulu. Nangona yokuba kumazwe afana eSpeyin, Norway, Greece kunye Brazil, kwaye ke sele zifakiwe ukuvelisa ezi zixhobo, uhlale izixhobo ziye zanceda ukulungisa ngokupheleleyo ingxaki yokuswela.

Device gun "Hotchkiss"

Nangona zonke uguqulelo kancinane, "Hotchkiss" likwaze enkulu yesixhobo yayo yakuqala, sisamkela someleza elibalulekileyo ubuthathaka. Umalusi egumbini irhasi njengoko piston ke unscrewed sasimi kwi egumbini ngaphambili kwaye isetyenziswa ukulinganisa umthamo, wawisa igesi kamsinya nje kokuba ifike exponent ezibalulekileyo. inkqubo obhobhozayo gas propellant iyilwe ukwenzela ukuba kude lombhobho, wacanda ikhondo elide piston igesi, mayixhotyiswe umlomo kwaye lisuswe ngalo emazantsi yazala ezinqamlezayo ye Umphanda ngaphandle ebangela arrow ngokuphazamisa.

Isiphatho esetyenziselwa uyitshaje umpu zidlala indima fuse. Inkqubo esizisebenzelayo, ngenxa ukuhamba bayo, waba ubude kokubetha ukuya kwi-106 mm. Umnini umpu matshini ayikwazanga, siwenze, ukuba bazigqibele ngokwayo apho imo umpu umatshini iza kusetyenziswa:

• S - fuse.
• R - umlilo elinye.
• A - umlilo oluqhubekayo.

Ukongeza, umpu umatshini, "Hotchkiss" got ukusika Jikela kwesango kunye inxalenye buti, nto leyo ke inkalo ephambili utshintsho phakathi kwezi zinto iphumeza inkqubo lokubopha. Ukulungiselela le njongo, iklatshi eganiweyo, mayixhotyiswe ezahlukeneyo kumacandelo basekhaya, leyo sesidlulile kwelona xesha umphanda ngenxa iimpembelelo intonga piston, apha ngaphakathi umpu.

Power gun

Bathethele umpu kwafuneka ukuba tape onzima. Ngelo xesha kufuneka luthathele ingqalelo ukuba ukukhululwa yayo lwaqhutywa kwi-UK, isixa nezikhali iiPC 30., Ukuba eFransi, iziqwenga-24 kuphela. Xa ukudubula ejika impompo-umngxuma ngeendleko lever umnwe esekwe kwesistim yefowuni ephathwayo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba inkqubo ukubizwa ngokuba lobeko nganye ngabanye Gun "Hotchkiss" 1914 wamwisela tape metal kodwa dyondzisaka kunye amakhonkco nzima, nganye kuzo ehambelana phezu neekhatriji ezintathu. Xa ukusetyenziswa, enye into engalunganga, nangona ubunzima umbhinqo kulula kakhulu kunokuba evenkileni, akukho uthembeke ngakumbi, kunye nesigxina iba umsebenzi onzima kakhulu ebusuku wabonwa. Ngelo ndandisisigculelo eyenziwe ngomthi, wenza ngompu projektha kunye stop ngenxa emagxeni. Ukongeza, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ngaba kubekwa kuyo, nkqu esityeni ibhotolo, apho kwakukho isebe okhethekileyo.

iminyaka Pre-imfazwe kunye iMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Phambi kokuba kuqalise Second World War, umpu umatshini enzima, "Hotchkiss" 13.2 mm, wakhululwa eFransi, waphinda waqala ukuthandwa. Oku kubangelwe ikakhulu yokuba uyilo inika firepower kuphela kodwa isantya kunye nokudubula, banikwe amazinga aphezulu okokuqala nesantya imbumbulu.

gun bobobuchule uhlobo obetha - kunxulumene ngqo yokuba indlela aqala yayo, ndawonye kwi kwipleyiti umva, inika ukugcinwa lomlilo oluzenzekelayo kuphela. Le ethile kuphela kwalo mfuziselo ukuba kwakufuneka ukungakuhlawulisi iivenkile, umthamo apho ayidluli mijikelo 15. Kule inzuzo ke nobushushu iteknoloji yokhuseleko, nto leyo ubambo kuyilwa lonke ubude umphanda.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le modeli umatshini gun Ngokufa ulibele, nangona kunye ngoncedo amaJamani bakwazi ukuhlala kwakhe endaweni kwizithuba kuhlalwe, ekonakalisweni imikhosi yiSoviet of firepower yakhe.