Biography Nitsshe Fridriha. izibakala umdla, imisebenzi, kuchaphulo olu

Amaxesha amaninzi isizathu sokuba impumelelo ebalaseleyo bulumko kunye nobugcisa akuyonto lula ubomi. Nitsshe Fridrih, enye zobulumko ezibalulekileyo Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-19 yaba umsebenzi nzima mfutshane kodwa echumayo. Siya kukuxelela ntoni yayiba biography of imisebenzi lukhulu njengomntwana onengqondo kunye izimvo.

Childhood nemvelaphi

October 15, 1844 eMpuma Jamani, kwidolophu encinane Rekkene wazalwa le njengomntwana onengqondo enkulu elizayo. biography nganye, Nitsshe Fridrih kungekho ngaphandle, iqala iminyanya. Ngoko oku bulumko imbali akucaci. Kukho uguqulelo ukuba avela kwintsapho Polish amanene igama Nice, oko kuqinisekiswa Friedrich ngokwayo. Kodwa kukho abaphengululi abathi usapho sobulumko kwafuneka iingcambu isiJamani kunye namagama. Bacebise ukuba "inguqulelo Polish" Nietzsche kwemoto nje, ukuba babambelele i aura ukuzikhetha kunye ngokungaqheleki. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba izizukulwana ezimbini ookhokho bakhe ezinxulumene ne ububingeleli, kwicala abazali bobabini utatomkhulu baba Frederick yamaLuthere balungiselele, kwakunye uyise. Xa Nietzsche wayeneminyaka-5 ubudala, uyise wabulawa ngenxa yokugula kakhulu engqondweni, kunye nokufundiswa unina womntwana wayesebenza. Kumama wakhe waba uthando, yaye mna nodadewethu wayesondele kakhulu nezintsonkothileyo ubudlelwane, nto leyo wadlala indima enkulu ebomini bakhe. Sele ebuntwaneni Friedrich wabonisa umnqweno ukuba njengaye wonke umntu, yaye ukulungele ukuba izinto ezahlukeneyo crazy.

ukubunjwa

Xa wayeneminyaka engama-14, Fridrih Nitsshe, ifilosofi ethe kodwa ngisho nokuqalisa ukuvela, wathunyelwa lomthambo odumileyo Pforta, apho efundisa iilwimi classical, imbali yamandulo kunye noncwadi, ngokunjalo nezifundo ngokubanzi. Ngo Nietzsche I iilwimi okhutheleyo, kodwa kwimathematika ukuba embi kunene. Kwaba esikolweni kwi-Friedrich kukho umdla esomelela umculo, ifilosofi kunye noncwadi yamandulo. Wazama isandla sakhe ekubhaleni umendo, funda lukhulu ababhali German. Emva esikolweni, ngo-1862, Nietzsche waya kufunda kwiYunivesithi Bonn kwifakhalthi wezakwalizwi nefilosofi. Esikolweni, wavakalelwa enxanwe gqitha izinto zonqulo, kwaye siphuphe, njengokuba noyise ukuze ndiye kuba kumfundisi. Kodwa iminyaka bakhe umfundi izimvo zakhe zitshintshile kakhulu, waza waba kubukho bukaThixo ukuba nenkani. E Bonn, ulwalamano kunye nabo Nietzsche alizange lisebenze, kwaye watshintshelwa Leipzig. Apho wayewulindele impumelelo enkulu ngexesha izifundo zakhe wamenywa ukuba basebenze unjingalwazi iincwadi zamaGrike. Phantsi impembelelo utitshala wakhe omthandayo, i ikhowudi philologist waseJamani F. Richli, wavuma ukuba lo msebenzi. lula Nietzsche wadlula uviwo ngenxa isihloko ugqirha-bulumko waya kufundisa e Basel. Kodwa Frederick akazange va ulwaneliseko izifundo zabo, philological ngoLwesithathu wayeqalisa nobunzima phezu kwakhe.

ithole-uthando

Xa kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, Fridrih Nitsshe, intanda yakhe yaqala ukuba imilo, uye wakubona impembelelo ezimbini namandla, nokuba kukothuka. Ngowe-1868, leva Richard Wagner. umqambi Umculo Frederick wayeyithanda elidlulileyo, kwaye omaziyo wenza nomvakalelo womoya onamandla phezu kwakhe. umntu ezimbini enkulu bafumanisa ezifanayo: zombini babekuthanda iincwadi zamandulo zamaGrike, bobabini bamthiya fettering moya wabukhoboka, lwentlalo. Kwiminyaka emithathu phakathi Nietzsche kunye Wagner kwasekwa ubudlelwane nobuhlobo, kodwa kamva waqalisa ukupholisa wayeka ngokupheleleyo emva kokuba sobulumko, epapashwe ethi "Human, bonke abantu kakhulu." Umqambi ezifumaneka kulo iimpawu ezicacileyo isigulo sengqondo lombhali.

Le mothuko sesibini ezinxulumene incwadi Schopenhauer "The World njengoko Ziya Abamele." Wajika izimvo Nietzsche phezu kwehlabathi. Sazi Schopenhauer kakhulu ngekhono layo kukuxelela inyaniso bexesha lakhe, kuba ukuzimisela ukuya neengcinga eyamkelekileyo. Yaba umsebenzi wakhe eyabangela Nietzsche ukubhala imisebenzi zefilosofi kunye nokutshintsha umsebenzi - ngoku uye wagqiba ekubeni abe sobulumko.

Ngexesha Franco-Prussia War, wasebenza nje unyango ngocwangco, yaye zonke izinto ezoyikisayo ledabi, Isimanga, nogunyaziso kuphela iingcinga zakhe malunga nenzuzo apholise ifuthe iziganeko ezinjalo kwi Company.

zempilo

Ukususela ebuntwaneni, andizange engenamandla kunene, yaba ixesha elizayo kakhulu buthathaka emzimbeni kwaye, mhlawumbi lo isizathu, njengoko ngobomi bakhe bavela. Nitsshe Fridrih waba ufuzo embi kunye nenkqubo buthathaka luvo. Xa ndandineminyaka eli-18 ubudala waza waqalisa ukuba maxa yintloko ebuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, sokulibala, wayenengxaki ixesha elide ithoni lancipha lwesenzi odandathekileyo. Kamva oku kongezelelwa neurosyphilis, abathathwe unxibelelwano kunye ngunongogo. Uthe xa eneminyaka engama 30 waqala ukwehla okukhulu yempilo, waba phantse uyimfama, waba yintloko yindinisa. Waqalisa ukunyanga opiate leyo eye yakhokelela ekubeni ukunyhashwa phecana zesisu. Ngowe-1879 Nietzsche umhlala ngenxa yezizathu zempilo, loo nto iyunivesithi ihlawulwe. Kwaye waqalisa ukulawula isifo ngokusisigxina. Kodwa ngeli xesha yenziwa iimfundiso Fridriha Nitsshe-bulumko yakhe kakhulu kwandisa imveliso.

impilo Personal

Sobulumko Fridrih Nitsshe, ogama iingcamango zitshintshile inkcubeko kwenkulungwane yama-20, wayengonwabanga kwi ubuhlobo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, kwakukho 4 abafazi, kodwa wamenza-2 kuphela kubo (amahenyukazi) konwaba kancinane ebomini bakhe. ebutsheni bakhe waba neentlobano zesini kunye nodade wayo Elizabeth, wada wafuna ukutshata naye. Xa-15 ubudala, Friedrich waxhatshazwa ngokwesondo ibhinqa omdala. Konke oku njengomntwana onengqondo olukhulu nempembelelo sengqondo ngokubhekisele amabhinqa ubomi bakhe. Wayesoloko efuna ukubona umfazi interlocutor yokuqala. Intelligence ngokuba yena kubaluleke ngaphezu ngesondo. Ngelo xesha omnye wayethandana umfazi Wagner. Kamva ke, wachukumiseka gqitha kukubona therapist Lou Salome, nayo leyo wayethandana kunye nomhlobo wakhe, umbhali Paul Ray. Kangangexesha baze bahlala ndawonye indlu enye. Zaba phantsi kweempembelelo ubuhlobo kunye Lou, wabhala inxalenye yokuqala yomsebenzi yakhe edumileyo "utshilo Zarathustra". Kangangezihlandlo ezibini kubomi Friedrich wenza isindululo umtshato, waza wakhanyela zombini amaxesha.

Ixesha aveza imveliso ebomini

Ngenxa umhlala-phantsi, phezu kwesi sifo kabuhlungu, sobulumko kuthatha ixesha aveza imveliso ebomini bakhe. Nitsshe Fridrih, intle apho iincwadi baba ziyahlonelwa-bulumko yehlabathi kangangeminyaka eli-10, wabhala 11 yemisebenzi yakhe enkulu. Iminyaka 4 wabhala waza wapapasha incwadi yakhe edumileyo "Ngaloo ndlela Wathetha Zarathustra". Le ncwadi iqulathe kuphela izimvo eqaqambileyo, engaqhelekanga, kodwa ngokusemthethweni ukuba aziqhelekanga imisebenzi bulumko. It ngalo ukukhanya, Myology, imibongo. Kwiminyaka emibini emva kokupapashwa kwiindawo zokuqala Nietzsche uba uRhazes ethandwayo of Europe. Umsebenzi encwadini yakutshanje "The Will to Power" waqhubeka iminyaka eliqela, wawuquka ukucabanga ngaso ekuqaleni. Umsebenzi yapapashwa emva bulumko xa ukufa yemigudu udade wabo enkosi.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ekuqaleni kuka-1898 mandundu kakhulu esi sifo kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni ngobomi ogqityiweyo bulumko. Nitsshe Fridrih wabona kwi ndawo esitratweni ihashe ukukhala, kwaye wamqumbisa qete yakhe ukuba kukugeza. Oogqirha baye bafumana ukuba ubulawe yokugula kwakhe. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba idlale indima apha kwisakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo. oogqirha Ukunyanga babengenakunikela wathumela Nietzsche kwikliniki abagula ngengqondo e Basel. Apho ke mazigcinwe kwigumbi upholstered elaphini ethambileyo, ngoko ke asikwazi kunokubangela self-yingozi. Oogqirha bakwazi ukuba isigulane ukuba urhulumente ozinzileyo, oko kukuthi, ngaphandle ugonyamelo ukuhlaselwa waza wavunyelwa ukuba bambambe ekhaya. Umama wathabatha yokunyamekela unyana wakhe, ezama kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze ukuthomalalisa ukubandezeleka kwakhe. Kodwa wafa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, noFrederick wahlaselwa sistroke, nto leyo yenze ngokupheleleyo yena waza wenza kube nzima ukuthetha. Kutshanje, ngokuba udade sobulumko azikhangela. Agasti 25, 1900, emva kwenye ukuhlasela, Nietzsche wafa. Wayeneminyaka eli-55 kuphela ubudala, wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni lo bulumko kowabo angasondeli nakwinye inyama.

iimbono zeentanda-bulumko Nietzsche

bulumko Nietzsche liza umbulelo ehlabathini lonke izimvo zalo yazala olukhulu. Yena egxekwa ngamandla kakhulu Kwintlalo yale mihla eYurophu, ingakumbi isiseko yayo yobuKristu. Sazi wayekholelwa ukuba ukususela kwimihla yamandulo eGrisi, apho ubona nje umnqweno othile impucuko, kukho sokonakalisa wemo nenkcubeko World Old. Yena ngokuqulunqa isisu sakhe, kamva ngokuba "ifilosofi yokuphila". Le ntsingiselo ukholelwa ukuba ubomi babantu wahlukile kwaye ezizodwa. Mntu ngamnye kunenzuzo amava abo. Kwaye ke iphambili ebomini bakhe, ufumana hayi ingqondo okanye iimvakalelo, kunye nentando. Abantu bazalwa intsokolo, lifanelwe ubomi kuphela kakhulu. Ngoko ke kuvela ingcamango Superman - enye eyona mfundiso iphambili Nietzsche. Fridrih Nitsshe acinga ngayo uthando, intsingiselo yobomi, inyaniso, indima unqulo nenzululwazi.

imisebenzi emikhulu

Okwakufudula kusenzeka encinane sobulumko. Umsebenzi wakhe yokugcina eshicilelwe udade, abangazange mathidala ukuhlela umbhalo ngokungqinelana umbono ehlabathini. Kodwa le misebenzi leyo ukuba Fridrih Nitsshe, ogama zifakiwe kule program enyanzelekileyo imbali bulumko kuyo nayiphi na iyunivesithi zehlabathi imisebenzi, uye waba classic weli hlabathi izimvo. Xa uluhlu yakhe yeencwadi ezimnandi zifakiwe, ukongeza kwezo sele kuchaziwe, imibhalo "Beyond Good nokubi," "Kristu", "Ukuzalwa Intlungu", "ukuba kwabelwe iintsatshana zabo yokuziphatha."

Ukufunwa intsingiselo yobomi

Reflections on intsingiselo yobomi kunye nembali kwethagethi - kukuthi, hayi kuba umxholo esisiseko bulumko yaseYurophu kude kubo, Fridrih Nitsshe. Malunga intsingiselo yobomi, uthi, xa eziliqela imisebenzi yaso, bemkhanyela ngokupheleleyo. Uyangqina ukuba ubuKristu umisela abantu ecingelwayo intsingiselo nenjongo, enyanisweni, ngabantu yenkohliso. Ubomi kuphela kweli hlabathi, kwaye ukunganyaniseki undithembise ezinye uhlobo nomvuzo elizayo ngenxa yokuziphatha yokuziphatha. Ngoko ke, uthi Nietzsche, inkolo abasetyenziswa ngayo umntu, wenza naye ubomi usukelo neorganichno yobuntu. Kweli hlabathi apho "UThixo ufile", lo mntu ngokwakhe inoxanduva uziphatha nobuntu. Kwaye oku obuyiyo ubukhulu woMntu, ukuba unako 'yindoda' kunye nezilwanyana eseleyo. Kwakhona, intsingiselo yobomi nzulu ngezinto sabona ukuthanda kumandla, umntu (umntu) kufuneka azame ukufumana, kungenjalo ubukho bayo ingamampunge. Nietzsche wabona ingqiqo yembali kwimfundo Superman, ayikho nkqu ngendaleko loluntu kumele ukuba ukhokelele ekubeni inkangeleko yayo.

Ingqiqo superman

Kwincwadi yakhe engundoqo "Ngaloo ndlela Wathetha Zarathustra," Nietzsche ngokuqulunqa ingcamango superman. Le ndoda efanelekileyo atshabalalise zonke nemimiselo kunye nemithetho-siseko, ngesibindi efuna igunya phezu ihlabathi kunye nabanye abantu, abantu basemzini kuye abavakalelwa zobuxoki osengqondweni. Uchasaniso oku kwenziwa ephakamileyo le "ndoda wokugqibela", owathi, kunokuba isibindi ukuba kuliwe iingcinga, wakhetha indlela nchavelelo, khona isilwanyana. Ngokutsho Nietzsche, ihlabathi usebenzo utyalwe kule "yokugqibela", ngoko ke wabona okulungileyo kwiimfazwe, ukucocwa kunye nethuba lokuba ekuzalweni. concept Superman kwaqondwa yi A. Hitler kwaye kwamkelwa kukho isizathu yembono ye Fascism. Nangona le nto sobulumko yaye zange ndicinge. Ngenxa yalo msebenzi, igama Nietzsche yaba isalelo categorical eSoviet Union.

iikowuteshini

Izinto ezithethwe ngabantu abacatshu- sobulumko Nietzsche apho waya kulo ihlabathi, yakwazi ukuthetha ngokufutshane kunye gnomic. Ngoko ke, abaninzi iingxelo zakhe babekuthanda kangaka izithethi abakhokelayo ezahlukeneyo nayiphi izihlandlo. Eyona edumileyo quote Philosopher uthando aba mazwi: "Abantu bengenako uthando lokwenene okanye ubuhlobo sinxilisayo, kusoloko babheje umtshato", "Xa uthando kukho kusoloko kancinci impambano ... kodwa lamalela kusoloko kukho umntu okrelekrele kancinane . Kwi besini esahlukileyo, wathetha bitingly kakhulu: "Wena uye abafazi - thatha isabhokhwe." Isaci esakhe: "Nantoni na akwandibulala - yenza yandenza ndomelela."

Meaning Nietzsche inkcubeko

Namhlanje, Friedrich Nietzsche acaphula ezivela imisebenzi leyo enokufunyanwa imisebenzi emininzi zobulumko mihla, akusekho ebangela ubani ingxoxo enjalo bungwanyalala nezigxeko kwinkulungwane yama-20. Emva koko, inkolelo yakhe revolution kwaye sele efunyenwe Zininzi iindawo eyayikho dialogue ne Nietzsche. Naye kwakunokwenzeka ukuba nineembono phikisana, kodwa kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba ngoyaba. iingcamango sobulumko waba nempembelelo enkulu kwinkcubeko kunye nobugcisa. Echukunyiswe imisebenzi Nietzsche, umzekelo, uThomas Mann wabhala yakhe "Gqirha Faustus." ulwalathiso lwakhe 'ukuphila ubomi "banika ihlabathi zobulumko obalaseleyo ezifana Dilthey, Bergson, Spengler.

anika umdla

abantu Bright njalo umdla womyeni yabantu, ukuphepha kwaye Fridrih Nitsshe. facts umdla ngobomi bakhe ukhangela abaphandi, abantu bafunda ngothakazelelo. Yintoni ifilosofi engaqhelekanga ubomi? Ngokomzekelo, bonke ubomi bakhe wayelithanda umculo, waba nomdlali elungileyo. Naxa waphulukana ingqondo yakhe, wadala umculo kunye ngcono maqhosha umculo elisekungeneni esibhedlele. Ngowe-1869, wawushiya ubumi Prussia kunye bonke ubomi bakhe baphila, akangowakhe naliphi na ilizwe.