Maieutics - it ... maieutics ifilosofi

I-sobulumko omkhulu uSocrates wenza indlela eyodwa ingxoxo ekuthiwa maieutics. Le yindlela esebenzayo, asetyenziswe ixesha lethu. Enyanisweni, phantse eyona ndlela kuphela ukubonisa imbangi yakhe ngasemva. Kulo mzekelo, i interlocutor kube amaqhinga lixinwe amazwi akhe. Yintoni ngumongo nezinto ezahlukileyo le ndlela? Makhe sibone oko phandle.

USocrates kunye nobomi bakhe

Ngomhla ubomi kaSocrates ayithethi nto, kunjalo, ulwazi lifikelele thina ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, nto inika umdla gqitha.

USocrates - sobulumko baseAthene, owazalwa ngo-469 BC. e. It nembonakalo yakhe kwaphawula ebizwa ngokuba yi-turn-bulumko - ukususela ingqalelo uhlobo lwe ingqalelo yabantu.

Ngokubhekiselele ngobomi bayahlelwa bulumko, abanye abefundisi ixesha patristic wasondela izifaniso phakathi uSocrates kunye noYesu. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba wokuqala unyana nomkroli. Xa ebudaleni, watshata Xanthippe - umfazi grumpy kakhulu, ogama lakhe liye kuba igama indlu.

"Ndiyazi nje ukuba mna ndiyazi nto, kodwa abanye abazi nokuba uyazi loo nto." Mhlawumbi wonke elivile eli binzana, leyo, njengoko abaphengululi bakholelwa, bobabo uSocrates. Ngokwalo mgaqo waphila.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba sobulumko Akazange ashiye ngasemva umgca enye. iingcinga zakhe kunye neenkolelo uluntu ezaziwa kuphela ukususela ezabhalwa abafundi bakhe - noXenophon kunye zikaPlato. USocrates wayeqinisekile ukuba ukubhala phantsi iingcinga zakhe buthathaka inkumbulo yabantu. Xa inyaniso kubafundi bakhe nzulu ngezinto ngokuchaza usebenzisa ngobuchule incoko ezihambelana. Kwaba kwiincoko neempikiswano wadala indlela yakhe, ngoku eyaziwa phantsi igama maieutics. Oku kubizwa ngokuba igalelo elikhulu ingcamango bulumko.

Ityala lika uSocrates kunye ukufa bulumko

Ngo-399 BC, esi silumko enkulu watyholwa uyanyelisa kunye esonakalisa abaselula. Kwi course sikhephe uSocrates sifunda misebenzi uPlato noXenophon. Sobulumko wala ukuhlawula isohlwayo, kwakunye nabahlobo isindululo thumba naye entolongweni.

Ngaba uSocrates ngokwenene ityala? Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali mihla, weYunivesithi yaseCambridge, waba. Ngelo xesha, isenzo sobulumko ome ngempela ukuba zihlelwe mthethweni.

Ngenxa yoko, i-nzulu ngezinto wagwetywa ukufa, waza wathabatha yityhefu ngokwakhe. Inkqubo ukufa kaSocrates ikuchaza ngokweenkcukacha uPlato efanayo. Yintoni kanye oko wadliswa lobulumko ezingaziwayo. Ngokutsho hypothesis mnye, ukuba sibonwe ngumhlonyane.

USocrates uye waba lixhoba ubulumko bakhe. Noko ke, iingcamango bakhe abaphila namhlanje, kuquka indlela ephila ezizodwa maieutics. Makhe sizame ukuqonda kabanzi ntoni na, yintoni na iimpawu zayo.

Indlela kaSocrates

Maieutics - i "vutshila umbelekisi," njengoko wayibiza uSocrates yena. Uyakwazi kufunyanwa inkcazelo efana njenge "isigqebelo kaSocrates" okanye "incoko kaSocrates."

Maieutics ifilosofi - enyanisweni, ngendlela ukuphumeza umgaqo "Zazi wena." Ngale ndlela i leqela nje uyazi engalunganga kwakhe, naye uba okhuphisana ulwazi lokwenyaniso. "Akukho nto yomelele ngaphezu nolwazi" - Wathi ngoko uSocrates ...

NgesiGrike, maieutics - i "umbelekisi ubugcisa." Undoqo yale ndlela kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba xa kusetwa imibuzo yovavanyo ezinembonakalo-eyenzelwe ngokukhethekileyo ukuzisa interlocutor ukuqonda imeko yokwenene bemicimbi. Ngenxa yoko, ummangali Uyeza inyaniso, kwaye nje cwaka wamtyhala kuyo.

Maieutics uSocrates - lo kuqala le nokubanako ukuphakamisa imibuzo ingxoxo ukufunda nokubhala. -Sobulumko waqiniseka ukuba ulwazi lokwenyaniso unako ukuza kuphela self-ulwazi omnye umntu. Kwaye oku kufuna inkqubo yokucoca ikhutshwa phandle ngokubuza imibuzo malunga undoqo le nto okanye loo mmangaliso.

Maieutics uSocrates - isixhobo kule mpikiswano ngokwasengqondweni

ngokwabo sobulumko enkulu liphuhlise indlela ethe bungalahleki kwesinomhlwa ukufaneleka kwayo namhlanje. Akukho mntu uya kundikhanyela ukuba incoko, ingxoxo, mpikiswano eyakhayo sisixhobo esibalulekileyo ekufumaneni ulwazi olutsha kwakunye nokuqonda inqanaba labo kungawazi umsebenzi.

Ngokubanzi, uSocrates ebomini bakhe aze kuphela wenza oko ukubuza imibuzo. Wasithanda ukuthetha kwindoda zidla, bagcine indlela, Badidekile imibuzo yakhe olukhohlisayo, ngoko nangoko uya kuphulukana lonke ikratshi lakhe kunye nokuzithemba.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ingxoxo kwi "imibuzo neempendulo" lalisetyenziswa ngononophelo, kunye nezinye zobulumko, ngokukodwa - the sophists. Noko ke, kufuneka nembambano leyo nje esiphelweni ngokwalo. Kodwa uSocrates axoxe verbiage, wayekholelwa ukuba nayiphi na ingxoxo kumele ukuba ukhokelele ekubeni injongo ethile. Ezingxoxweni zakhe yena wazama ukufumana iimpendulo kwimibuzo ebalulekileyo yobukho: "Yintoni okulungileyo Of ububi?" "Yintoni na ubulungisa?" kunye m. p.

Imizekelo maieutics uSocrates

USocrates kunene wobuqili, isigqebelo neziyingozi neqabane. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezingxoxweni wazenza ukuba simpleton obonisa, nokutsalela umdlali yakhe womnatha amaqhophololo.

irekhodi abalondolozwa incoko nabanye lobulumko Menon. Ukuqala kunye yokugqibela, uSocrates wabuza ngale ndlela imisebenzi yayo. Akukho suspecting nayiphi iqhinga, elungileyo-natured Menon uqalisa ukufundisa sobulumko. ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kunjalo, ngenxa yale mibuzo ingasentla ngokuchanekileyo, umthombo zilahleka umphelo. USocrates, yena, siyaqhubeka bamsinekela ixhoba obonisa.

Xa ummangali uphelelwa ukuzithemba, ukulungele ukuba ukhangelo ngokuhlangeneyo inyaniso. Ukubuza omnye, uSocrates ngokwakhe uphando kwisifundo incoko, kuba akazange acinge ukuba nolwazi. Yiyo ke loo nto umbona ngokuba 'Abazalisikazi "ubugcisa, kuba incoko enjalo kunye inyaniso ezelwe.

iziphetho short

Ngenxa yoko, maieutics-bulumko - bubuchule bokubuza imibuzo. USocrates wayeqinisekile ukuba "azi - oko kuthetha ukuba wazi ukuba yintoni na." Oko kukuthi, ukuba abe nobulungisa, kufuneka uqonde ukuba ngokucacileyo okusesikweni, kwaye akwazi ukunika yona i nkcazelo eyaneleyo. Ngaloo ndlela, uSocrates waba ngowokuqala ukuvuka ukuya kwinqanaba lolwazi iingqiqo.

Umba phambi kwethu maieutics ndlela iye bungalahleki kwesinomhlwa ukufaneleka kwayo emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwewaka amabini emva wokusungula. Kwaye namhlanje uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana neengcibi ngempumelelo ukusebenzisa le nqubo ku practice.