Biography Emfutshane Rembrandt kunye nomsebenzi wakhe. Imisebenzi kakhulu Yaduma Rembrandt

Emfutshane biography of Rembrandt kunye nomsebenzi wakhe imelwe nqaku liza kwazisa ukuba ngegcisa elinye mkhulu lonke ixesha. Rembrandt Harmensz Van Reyn (iminyaka yobomi - 1606-1669) - ngumzobi odumileyo Dutch, etcher kunye draftsman. umsebenzi yakhe kwakugcwele umnqweno ukuqonda undoqo ebomini, kwakunye ihlabathi engaphakathi woMntu. Rembrandt wayenomdla ubutyebi amava zokomoya ezendeleyo ebantwini. Ubuqambi wegcisa - phezulu ubuchule Dutch kwenkulungwane ye-17. Kwakhona, loo nto ithathwa elinye lamaphepha ibalulekileyo inkcubeko bezobugcisa ihlabathi. Nkqu nabantu bakude ukupeyinta, bayazi ukuba kuyasebenza. Rembrandt - yinto umculi emangalisayo, uya kuba nomdla ubomi nomsebenzi ukuze uqinisekise.

lemveli bokubeka Rembrandt kaThixo

legacy kakhulu ezahluke ubugcisa ukuba asishiye. Rembrandt zaveza ekumeni, ubume, ukanti lifes, imifanekiso yohlobo. Wadala Imizobo phezu kwazo, yebhayibhile, imixholo zembali, kwakunye neminye imisebenzi. Rembrandt yenkosi nanto ngasekhohlo nokuzoba.

Ubomi Leiden

ubomi Rembrandt ngowe-1620, ziphawulwe ngokuthi uqeqesho ngokufutshane kwiYunivesithi Leiden. Emva koko wagqiba ukunikela ubomi bakhe zobugcisa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, wafunda kuqala e Leiden J. Van Svanenbyurha (malunga 1620-23 iminyaka), kwaye ke ngoko e Amsterdam ngu P. Lastman (ngo-1623). Kweli thuba ukususela 1625 ukuya 1631 umzobi wayesebenza Leiden. Apha wadala imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala Rembrandt.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba enxulumene nexesha Leiden umsebenzi wakhe, esibonakala ukufuna kwingqwebo ababhali ukuzimela, nangona ukuba nefuthe Lastman, kwakunye nangabameli beSebe karavadzhizma Dutch. Ngokomzekelo, umsebenzi 'Ukuzisa * endlwini kaThixo ", wadala malunga 1628-29 iminyaka. I "Umpostile uPawulos" (malunga 1629-30 nonyaka), kwakunye "bakaSimon * endlwini kaThixo" (1631), igcisa okokuqala babhenela ekukhanyeni nomthunzi njengendlela eyenzelwe ukomeleza zemizwa imizwa kunye nenkuthazo imifanekiso. Kwangaxeshanye, Rembrandt wasebenza nzima phezu lo mfanekiso. Wafunda yobuso.

iminyaka 1630 kubomi Rembrandt

Isiganeko esibalulekileyo ukuba inkosi ubomi kwenzeka ngo-1632. Ukufudukela Amsterdam ephawulwe biography wegcisa Rembrandt. Biography kuye ngokuphathelele eli xesha ngolu hlobo.

E Amsterdam abanomdla wegcisa ngokukhawuleza ndatshata thina. Oko lowo Saskia van Eylenburh zizityebi patrician ekhethiweyo (elichaza kuyo inikwe ngentla). Lo mfazi wayeyinkedama. Uyise wakhe njengelungu leBhodi Friesland, usodolophu Leeverdena. Saskia abazalwana ababini abameli. Phakathi izihlobo lo mfazi - amagosa amaninzi karhulumente kunye nabahlohli. Wazala ulonwabo engenabantu indlu umqadi ngumzobi. Rembrandt usinike ekhaya izinto zayo ezininzi ezinqabileyo, ngenxa apho waba imyuziyam ngokwenene. Master wachitha ixesha elininzi evenkileni junk, xa yokuthengwa yemnyama.Iifandesi. Ethenga zenja nemizobo, Indian kunye Chinese oqingqiweyo yabeka izinto, izixhobo ubudala, eqingqiweyo, crystal exabisekileyo kunye china. Zonke ezi zinto zibe nje umzobo ngenxa imizobo, wendalo. Bona waphefumlela lo ngumzobi. Rembrandt wayekuthanda ukunxiba up neqabane lakho velvet, yiBrocade neyesilika. Yena yayucwa kunye neeperile nedayimani. Lula ngovuyo wathabatha nokubumba ubomi bakhe, ezele ubuchule, umsebenzi kunye nothando. Ngokubanzi, kwiminyaka 1630 - eli xesha, ulonwabo usapho kunye nempumelelo enkulu yokuluka.

1630 eni kaThixo

Zonke eni engeka kwiminyaka 1630, bonisa ukugwegweleza lokuqaphela Rembrandt. Oku umzisa Keyser, van der Helstom, Rubens kunye Van Dyck. Le mizobo zidla mazenziwe isibane hina flat yangasemva. Kudla kukho ifomati esisangqa imisebenzi yakhe. Rembrandt wadala portraits liwubethileyo amandla iplastiki enkulu. Ufumana lula kunye chiaroscuro abamnyama kunye nemvisiswano emhlophe, kwakunye imodeli ngqo-mbono. Yonke imisebenzi zigcwele okulungileyo, kwatsala ingqalelo ubume kunye lula olutshintshayo. Emifanekisweni Amsterdam xesha, xa kuthelekiswa ne-Leiden, ukuvakala kakuhle. Isingqisho isandla linentsingiselo lokomfuziselo (ngabom umzobi alubonisi ngesandla kabani). Oku, kwakunye neentloko inani Tyhila kufana Ukwahluka kunye transience ezimbejembeje.

Iimpawu ezithile eni of the-1630 yee-

Ichaza ubomi umsebenzi Rembrandt eli xesha, asikwazi kubhekisela eni zadalwa nguye. Ukuba baninzi kakhulu. umsebenzi Rembrandt kaThixo "Le Anatomy Isifundo Dr. Tyulpa" (ingasentla) yadalwa 1632. Kulo umbhali ngobuchule wasondela isisombululo le ngxaki ukuze photo iqela, kangangokuba nokuqulunqwa wajika ekhululekile. Rembrandt uye wahlanganisa bonke abantu amelweyo kulo mfanekiso, inyathelo elinye. Lo msebenzi bamzisa udumo olukhulu.

Ngamanye portraits ezidalwe yi-odolo ezininzi, igcisa wamnikela ngenyameko impahla, iimpawu zobuso, izacholo. Omnye umzekelo - umsebenzi "Umfanekiso burgrave", ilizwi elibhaliweyo 1636 Garmens Rembrandt Van Reyn. Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi naliphi na igcisa zihlobene. Umzekelo, ngakumbi ezahlukahlukeneyo yaye ekhululekileyo eni ukwakhiwa abantu abasondeleyo Rembrandt, kwakunye self-portraits (omnye wabo, eyasekwa ngo-1634, okuchazwe ngasentla). Le lomculi akoyiki ukwenza umfuniselo, ezama imizwa engqondweni. Apho kufuneka kubizwa njenge self-ifoto, wadala 1634, yaye "Smile Saskia", ebhalwe 1633.

Famous ukupeyinta "Merry Inkampani", okanye "Self-mfanekiso Saskia" (ifoto msebenzi uchazwe apha ngasentla), sele kugqityiwe nokufuna eli thuba. Libhalwe malunga 1635 Rembrandt Van Reyn. Ubomi umsebenzi wegcisa ngendlela ekhethekileyo ziyachazwa kulo msebenzi. Kuyo, ngesibindi elaqhekeka izimiso ezikhoyo ngoko. Lo mfanekiso ivelele ngendlela mahala yokudweba, spontaneity baphile ekwakhiweni, wazizalisa kunye nokukhanya, ukuziqinisa, palette ezimibalabala.

Ukuqamba Bible nemifanekiso nangqondo 1630

Kwiminyaka 1630, igcisa wadala kunye nokwenziwa kwibhayibhile. Enye edumileyo - "Umbingelelo ka-Abraham". Libhekisela 1635. Ukuqamba Biblical eli xesha yamakishwa impembelelo yokudweba Italian ezimbejembeje. ukusebenza kwayo kubonakala nemiba ekwakhiweni (eziliqela kwanyanzeleka), ukukhanya nethunzi umahluko, engile kabukhali.

Xa umsebenzi Rembrandt eli xesha, indawo ekhethekileyo bobabo ningi nangqondo. Le artist akazange landela amasiko bamandulo izimiso, aziphose kulucelomngeni ngqindilili. Omnye imisebenzi, leyo onokubonwa apha - ukuba "Udlwengulo of Ganymede" (1635).

"Danae"

Ukubunjwa omkhulu ebizwa ngokuba "Danaus" nokudala ngokupheleleyo iimbono yobuhle Rembrandt. Kulo msebenzi, wayebonakala ukungena impikiswano kunye namagcisa omkhulu Renaissance. Rembrandt uvezwa Explosion danae ayingqinelani eziqulethwe yamandulo. Umzobi wenza lo msebenzi kunye spontaneity ngokwenene, unesibindi kakhulu ixesha layo. Yena, ngokungafaniyo iphiko, ingqondo-physical imifanekiso ubuhle wadala yi iinkosi Italian, ubuhle ngokomoya kunye ukufudumala imvakalelo kwabantu.

eminye imisebenzi

Kwakhona ngo-1630 ngethuba Rembrandt elininzi ezisingelwe ukuba basebenze ubugcisa nokukrola ngasekhohlo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ezifana imisebenzi yakhe 'iperi bokubhadula "yaye" Le umthengisi nempuku ityhefu. " Le artist kwakhona udale imizobo ipensile ishwankathelwe isimbo kunye ngqindilili kakhulu.

ubuchule Rembrandt ka-1640

Le minyaka ziye iingxabano phakathi imisebenzi ezintsha ze Rembrandt kunye neemfuno kakuhle bexesha lakhe. Ngokucacileyo le mpi wazibonakalisa ngo-1642. Ngoko ke umsebenzi Rembrandt kaThixo "Night Watch" iye yabangela imingcelele abathengi. Abazange ukuthatha amanqaku aphambili umculi. Rembrandt iqela endaweni lo mfanekiso njengesiqhelo baboniswa umkhondo abacimi-isikhawulezisi, apho abatoli alarm Guild eveleleyo. Oko kukuthi, oko, usenokuba uthi, umfanekiso zembali. Wavuka ababephila iinkumbulo imfazwe inkululeko okwangoku ngabantu Dutch.

Emva kokuba lo msebenzi yehlile yokufika odolo Rembrandt kaThixo. impilo yakhe, ukuda yi kokufa Saskia. Ngowe-1640, xa umsebenzi igcisa elilahlekileyo ukuvelela sayo. Sheet Uphawu ekhuthazayo kubo ngaye ekuqaleni, naye wanyamalala. Rembrandt waqalisa ukubhala uhlobo yebhayibhile imifanekiso cwaka, ezele ubuhlobo kunye ifudumale. Kuzo Yena utyhila shades ezifihlakeleyo iimvakalelo, ukuziva nomini, ubuhlobo. Phakathi kwezi, kufuneka kuqatshelwe, "The Holy Family" ngo-1645, kwakunye umfanekiso "uDavide noYonatan" (1642).

Njengoko kwishedyuli, kwakunye womzobo ngu Rembrandt khona ngokubaluleka ebalulekileyo umdlalo ezichuliweyo kakhulu ukukhanya nethunzi. Oku kudala a umoya ezikhethekileyo - ngokweemvakalelo obukhulu, usinga. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe Iphepha omkhulu graphic Rembrandt "Hundred Guilder Shicilela," yaye "sheet ikhulu guilder," yaqala malunga 1642-46 iminyaka. Kufuneka kwakhona ukutsalela landscape in 1643 "imithi ezintathu" wokhanyiseleka kunye nomoya namandla.

iminyaka 1650 kumsebenzi Rembrandt

Kuye kwaphawulwa nezilingo zobomi esinzulu banyamezela yi umculi. Ukuba 1650 iqala ixesha lokuvuthwa yakhe yokudala. Rembrandt uqalisa babhenele lo mfanekiso. Yena libonisa abantu basondeleyo kuye. Phakathi kwezi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula eni emininzi Hendrickje Stoffels, umfazi wesibini wegcisa. Kwakhona kakhulu ephawulekayo wadala ngo 1654 "Portrait yomfazi omdala." Ngowe-1657 umzobi apeyintwe omnye umsebenzi wakhe odumileyo - ". Nyana Titus ukufunda"

Imifanekiso yabantu eziqhelekileyo abadala

Imifanekiso abantu abaqhelekileyo, ingakumbi abantu abadala, nalapha ngaphakatyhi ezitsalwa umculi. Ba ngemisebenzi yakhe ungumthombo ubutyebi yokomoya nobulumko yobomi. Ngowe-1654, Rembrandt wadala "Umfanekiso umzalwana umfazi womzobi kaThixo", yaye ngo-1652-1654 - "Umfanekiso an Man Old e Red" (ingasentla). Umpeyinti ziqala ukuba nomdla ezandleni zakhe ubuso, ezo zikhanyiswe ngokukhanya ethambileyo. abonakala ikwazile nobumnyama. manani luphawulwa a kulingisa yobuso ngokulambisa perceptible. Ibonisa intshukumo entsonkothileyo iimvakalelo zabo neengcinga. Rembrandt utshintsha ukukhanya pasty ibhrashi nemivumbo, ukwenza umphezulu womzobo zendalo chiaroscuro zemibala ezimibalabala.

imeko enzima zemali

Ngowe-1656, umzobi wathi yimali, eshiya yonke impahla yakhe, waya phantsi ihamile. Rembrandt Kwanyanzeleka ukuba bafudukele kwikota yamaYuda lesixeko Amsterdam. Apha wachitha bonke ubomi bakhe iimeko imxinwa kakhulu.

umsebenzi Creative ngu Rembrandt Harmensz Van Reyna 1660s

Ukuqamba eBhayibhileni wadala kwiminyaka 1660, ushwankathelwa Rembrandt ibonisa ngentsingiselo yobomi. Kwincwadi yakhe, nangesi sihlandlo, kukho imizobo abazinikele wengxabano ukukhanya nobumnyama yaqala umphefumlo womntu. Iqela imisebenzi ngalo mbandela ezenziwe Rembrandt Harmenszoon Van Reyn, biography uluhlu lwe mizobo apho thina abanomdla. Phakathi kwezi misebenzi kufuneka sivume umsebenzi "uAsiriya, uHaman kunye uEstere", wadalwa ngo-1660; yaye "UDavide kaUri" okanye "imenyu yeAmana" (1665). Bona lubonakala ngendlela bhetyebhetye yokubhala, uluhlu efudumeleyo ifumile, imiphezulu textured ezintsonkothileyo, dlala nzima ukukhanya nasethunzini. Konke oku kufuneka kube oyindlela ukutyhila amava entsonkothileyo ngokweemvakalelo iingxabano, kuba imvume uloyiso okulungileyo ngaphezu kobubi.

ukupeyinta Historical ngu Rembrandt ngokuba "Liyelenqe kaKlawudiyo Civilis", eyaziwa ngokuba "Liyelenqe le Batavians," wadalwa 1661. Le ncwadi igcwele ubuqhawe nedrama ngqwabalala.

"Ukubuya kwabafundi Wolahleko uNyana"

umzobi wadala umsebenzi "Ukubuya kwabafundi Wolahleko uNyana" Kunyaka wokugqibela wobomi bakhe. Sasikho malunga neminyaka 1668-69. Le ngelaphu omkhulukazi wobugcisa enkulu yi Rembrandt. It kuthwelwe yonke ngendlela yokuziphatha zobugcisa, uphawu kwexesha kade emsebenzini wakhe. Le igcisa ndifane aphezulu kule filimu recreates lonke uluhlu iimvakalelo zabantu ezinzulu ezintsonkothileyo. Ubuciko kuthetha ukuba abasebenzi abaphantsi ubuhle ukubhengezwa ukuxolela, nemfesane, ukuqonda. In nesinamandla izijekulo ekhululekile kunye nezikhundla okufakwe yincopho yenguqu ombane esanelisayo ekusombululeni qwa iminqweno. Kwifoto, nto leyo iqhele ngasentla, ungabona ukuba umsebenzi yokugqibela Rembrandt.

Ukufa Rembrandt, ixabiso bobuchule

I edumileyo ngomzobi Dutch, etcher kunye draftsman wafa Amsterdam Oktobha 4, 1669 Harmensz Van Reyn Rembrandt, ogama imisebenzi aziwa kwaye kuthandwa ngabantu abaninzi, iye yaba nefuthe elikhulu kuphuhliso olungaphezulu yokudweba. Oku kubonakala nje kuphela imisebenzi abafundi bakhe, ngaye Carel Fabritius weza ukuqonda Rembrandt osenyongweni, kodwa phezu imisebenzi yelinye igcisa Dutch nganye, ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ebalulekileyo. Imifanekiso abazobi abaninzi ibonisa impembelelo umzobi ezifana Rembrandt Van Reyn ezinjalo. Wobuciko "Umgxobhozo", ogama umbhali - uJacob van Ruisdael - mhlawumbi omnye imisebenzi enjalo. Ibonisa yingxenye ihlathi intlango lakhukuliswa ngamanzi. Lo mfanekiso linaloo ntsingiselo yokomfuziselo.

Kwixesha elizayo, iye yaba negalelo elikhulu kakhulu kuphuhliso lobugcisa sengqiqweni ngokubanzi, i-Rembrandt omkhulu. Imizobo kunye biography of umdla yakhe abaninzi abantu unanamhla. Oku kubonisa ukuba umsebenzi wakhe noluluncedo kakhulu. Ubuciko ngu Rembrandt, inkcazelo ezininzi ayeba kweli nqaku, nangoku ezikhuthazwa amagcisa.