Ballad - a ntlobo odidi zoncwadi

"Ballad" - igama lufikile kwisigama Russian ulwimi Italian. Oku bubonakala "umdaniso", ukususela elithi "ballare". Ngoko ke, lo ballad - ingoma umdaniso. Ezibhaliweyo imisebenzi enjalo kwindinyana, kwaye iivesi baba baninzi. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba lwenziwa kuphela zomculo. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, a ballad lokudloba wayeka. Ngoko ke abazange ukuguqula. imibongo ballad baqalisa ukunxiba intsingiselo uyindumasi kunye ezinkulu kakhulu.

Kumila uhlobo

Yintoni a ballad kule ncwadi? Okokuqala, yenye lweendidi zibalulekileyo romanticism kwimibongo sentimentalism. Ihlabathi ukuba iimbongi oyizobe iibhaladi bakhe, qembu yaye kungakholeleki. Kukho Amaqhawe eziqhelekileyo nabalinganiswa ezithile kakuhle echazwe.

Akunakwenzeka ukuba wazi umntu onjalo uRobert Burns, owaba ngunozala uhlobo. Embindini le misebenzi bekusoloko umntu, kodwa iimbongi abasebenza ngenkulungwane XIX-th, abaye bakhetha olu hlobo, siyazi ukuba amandla abantu bangakwazi ukunika ithuba lokuba aphendule umbuzo ngamnye abe yinkosi ngokupheleleyo-epheleleyo ikamva lakhe. Kungenxa yoko le nto badla ballad - iyelenqe umbongo, ogxininisa phezu kweliwa. Phakathi imisebenzi enjalo iquka "nguKumkani Ihlathi." Le yabhalwa yimbongi uJohann Wolfgang Goethe.

namasiko eminyaka ubudala

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ballad - uhlobo ukuba unenzondelelo utshintsho kwaye iyaqhubeka abanyamezele aba bantu. KumaXesha Aphakathi le misebenzi yaba ingoma kunye umxholo ekhaya. Baqhuba behlasela sithetha abaphangi, yokuba nesibindi amaqhawe okulwa zembali, kwakunye naziphi na iziganeko eziye wachukumisa ubomi babantu. Kufuneka kuchazwe ukuba ungquzulwano bekusoloko kwi intliziyo naluphi ballad. Waba zenzeka phakathi nabani - abantwana kunye nabazali, umfana nomfazi, ukususela kuhlaselo lwemimandla iintshaba okanye ukungalingani kwezentlalo. Kodwa inyani - ungquzulwano lowo. Kwaye KumaXesha Aphakathi into enye ngaphezulu. Emva koko, impembelelo nangokweemvakalelo le misebenzi zoncwadi isekelwe kwinto yokuba ungquzulwano omkhulu phakathi kokufa nobomi wanceda ukuqalisa ukuze baqonde intsingiselo undoqo yokuba.

Yokuduka uhlobo boncwadi

Indlela ukuze baphuhle ngakumbi ballad? Yeyona ibali umdla, njengoko kwi XVII kunye iinkulungwane XVIII, ukuba uyayeka ukuphila njenge uhlobo zoncwadi. Ngeli xesha, kwi nemidlalo yeqonga lomlinganiswa wentsomi, okanye abo apho Kwaxelwa malunga amaqhawe kwimbali yamandulo. Ke kaloku bonke kude kakhulu ukusuka kubomi babantu bemihla ngemihla. kwathiwa A kancinane ngaphambili ukuba iziko iibhaladi - oko ke ebantwini.

Kodwa kwinkulungwane elandelayo, XIX, ballad waphinda wabonakala kule ncwadi, ngokunjalo emculweni. Ngoku iye yaba uhlobo lwesihobe, ukuba izandi ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo ngemisebenzi ababhali ezifana Lermontov, Pushkin, Heine, Goethe kunye Mickiewicz. Xa iincwadi Russian, kwabonakala ngenkulungwane ye-19, xa wabuyela ubukho yayo eYurophu. In Russia ngelo xesha, isithethe pseudo-classicism ngokukhawuleza bawa ngenxa izibongo German yothando. ballad lokuqala Russian yaba umsebenzi othi "Gromval" (umbhali - GP Kamenev). Kodwa ummeli iphambili yale uhlobo uncwadi yi VA Zhukovsky. Waze wanikwa isiteketiso efanelekileyo - "balladnik".

Ballad eNgilani Germany

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ballad German kunye IsiNgesi yaba umlinganiswa udakumbile ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphambili, abantu bacinga ukuba ezi ndinyana kwaziswa Norman nabanqobi. IsiNgesi Nature isimo eziphefumlelweyo, nokwadala umfanekiso izaqhwithi ezoyikekayo kunye amadabi egazi. Kunye bards bacula iibhaladi malunga ngemithendeleko amadabi kwedin.

It ukhankanyiwe ukuba eJamani igama efana ballad, isetyenziswa elithi imibongo, abhaliweyo isimilo iingoma ezindala Scottish kunye IsiNgesi. Action kubo, ngokuqhelekileyo iphuhlise episodic kakhulu. Kweli lizwe, ingakumbi ballad lowo uthandwayo ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII ngqalo elandelayo, xa romanticism yatyatyamba Babonakala imisebenzi ababhali omkhulu Goethe, Heine, Burger, Uhland.

Ballad njenge uhlobo soncwadi

Iimpawu ze uhlobo "ballad" zahluke kakhulu kwezo ezendeleyo misebenzi ibhalwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ngoko ke, umntu kufuneka abe iyelenqe kunye nobukho ingxaki, luvuthondaba kunye utyhilo. ingqalelo Kuninzi ihlawulwe iimvakalelo abalinganiswa kunye abali- yombhali. In imisebenzi kudityaniswe fantastic wokwenene. Kukho ongaqhelekanga (zothando) landscape. Zonke ballad zigcwaliswe mfuneko imfihlelo kunye ngamayelenqe - le yenye iimpawu eziphambili. Maxa wambi iyelenqe indawo incoko. Kakade ke, ukuba imisebenzi yalo uhlobo yeqhawe ezidibeneyo ekuqaleni lyrical. Ukongeza, ababhali, abo benze ballad, bakwazi ukwenza lo msebenzi ngqo ukuba akukho ndlela kubonakala phezu intsingiselo.