Imbongi Gnedich UNikolai Ivanovich: engobomi, ubuchule kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Gnedich uNikolay Ivanovich - imbongi nombhali, ababehlala kwilizwe Ekuveleni 18-19 kwiinkulungwane th. Best eyaziwa ngokuba inguqulelo bakhe Russian kaHomer kaThixo "Iliad", olu khetho waba reference kungekudala. Malunga ebomini, ziyahlelwa yomsebenzi imbongi, siye sithethe iinkcukacha kweli nqaku.

Gnedich uNikolay Ivanovich: A Biography. ebuntwaneni

Umbhali elizayo wazalelwa Poltava, ngoFebruwari 2, 1784. kwafika abazali bakhe ukusuka kwiintsapho endala ezindilekileyo, phantse baphela ngexesha. Nicholas Little walahlekelwa unina wakhe, waza emva koko phantse uwulahlileyo umphefumlo wakhe - ingqakaqa ngaloo mihla sisifo esibi. Ukuba isifo mntu ulimeleyo ubuso Gnedich kunye ezambhunyula kwamehlo akhe.

Ngowe-1793, le nkwenkwe wathunywa ukuba bafunde kwi Poltava Theological Seminary. Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, isikolo siye sagqiba ukuba kunye nabafundi e Novomyrhorod evela Poltava. Kodwa Ivan Petrovich, uyise Gnedich, yamthabatha unyana wakhe esikolweni nokundulula IKharkiv Collegium. Kuloo minyaka, eli ziko yayigqalwa isikolo odume kunayo Ukrainian. Collegium Imbongi elizayo izidanga ngowe-1800, emva koko wafudukela yokuhlala isigxina eMoscow.

Apha kunye nomhlobo endala Alexei Yunoshevskim wathabatha Gymnasium University eMoscow abahlala ehostele. Kodwa emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa, njengoko inkwenkwe watshintshelwa umfundi kwi-Faculty of Philosophy, apho waphumelela ngo-1802 ngonyaka okuqaqambileyo.

le ncwadi lokuqala

Kwiminyaka yakhe university Gnedich uNikolay Ivanovich aba namalungu Friendly yoncwadi Society, eziquka A. Turgenev, Alexander Merzlyakov, A. Kaisarov. Njengokuba le mbongi abahlobo kunye ekuchubekeni N. Sandunova. Kuloo minyaka, lo mfana iimbono tiranoborcheskimi onomdla, kwabalelwa Schiller.

1802 kwaphawulwa ukuba Gnedich ithuba lokuqala wena nqaba ivuyelelayo - okokuqala inguqulelo ishicilelwe. Yaba yintlekele, "Abyufar", eyabhalwa engumFrentshi Jean Dyusisom. Kwangaxeshanye, ukukhanya iye yapapashwa ngenxa yomsebenzi lokuqala umbhali - ". UMaurice, okanye lixhoba ukuziphindezela" kwinoveli Emva konyaka, kukho nje ezimbini inguqulelo Schiller - inoveli "Don Corrado de Guerrero" kunye nentlekele "Liyelenqe Fiesco."

Kodwa ke imali, nakubeni oko yaqala ushicilelo, kusesemini akwanelanga, ceba ukuba baqhubeke nezifundo zabo kufuneka ukuba bahambe. Ngowe-1802, imbongi wafudukela eSt Petersburg. Apha ufumana igosa kwiSebe leMfundo yoLuntu. Le ndawo Gnedich wayeza ubambe de-1817.

Zonke umbhali lakhe ngexesha abangenzi nto inika izifundo yeqonga kunye noncwadi. Kule intsimi abe ukufezekisile impumelelo enkulu, kwaye kananjalo wenza umhlobo ka Pushkin, Krylov, Zhukovsky, Derzhavin kunye amanye Decembrists elizayo.

ofisi

Gnedich uNikolay Ivanovich ngokukhawuleza wazuza notoriety imbongi olukhulu ngumguquleli. Le nodumo wavula phambi kwakhe ekhaya, Nabazukileyo akwizikhundla eziphezulu abaninzi St. Petersburg, kuquka Stroganov kunye Olenin. Ngenxa ukusekelwa abantu walencwadi 1811, yaba lilungu le-Academy, waza wamiselwa unolayibrari ye-Imperial Library kaRhulumente, apho wabubhekisa isebe iincwadi zamaGrike.

Kungekudala Gnedich uNikolay Ivanovich abahlobo abasenyongweni inyamakazi. Ayavumelana yi umdla eqhelekileyo yemidlalo ihlabathi lamandulo. Oku kwatshintsha kakhulu indawo eziphathekayo esemthethweni wembongi.

Uninzi yonke le minyaka umbhali eyisingela ixesha ukusebenza elayibrari. Ngo-1819 kwaba zonke ikhathalogu yeencwadi, ezibe isebe lakhe, yaye kubhalwe kuzo kwingxelo ekhethekileyo. Ukongeza, Gnedich isithethi rhoqo ngoqokelelo zamathala eencwadi.

collection incwadi

Kubomi, waba benendelelo yaye ingenuous Gnedich NI biography of umbhali uthi inkanuko kuphela yakhe uncwadi kunye neencwadi. Eyokuqala wamnceda ukufumana isihloko academician kunye elikwinqanaba uCeba State. Njengoko iincwadi, i-Gnedich iqokelelwe ingqokelela lobuqu nemiqulu nama-1.250 ezinqabileyo unique ngamanye amaxesha. Emva kokufa wembongi, bonke bafudukela Poltava yokuzilolonga ilifa. Emva kokuba revolution, iincwadi baba kwithala leencwadi ka Poltava, uze emva koko abanye babo baye bafudukela eKharkov.

Ngowe-1826 Gnedich wawongwa isihloko oluhambelana yeLungu St Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Impilo liguqulelwe imisebenzi uVoltaire, Schiller, Shakespeare.

Ukugula nokufa

Gnedich uNikolay Ivanovich - imbongi entle kwaye kube wayeyixabisa yi bexesha lakhe. Kodwa asiyiyo yonke into ebomini bakhe kamnandi kangaka. Diseases, eyaqala umntwana, akazange amshiye. waya Umbhali izihlandlo eziliqela ukuphathwa eCaucasus, edume amanzi kwizimbiwa. Kodwa ke oko ndikwenza nje okwethutyana. Kwaye ngo 1830, izifo mandundu ngamandla entsha, nabo kunye nabo noko, nomqala obuhlungu. Unyango e Moscow amanzi kwezimbiwa ngumntu kungekho isiphumo. Nangona imo yempilo, ngowe-1832 le mbongi nako ukulungiselela nokupapasha ingqokelela "Imihobe".

Ngowe-1833 kombhali umkhuhlane. umzimba buthathaka abakwazi ukumelana sifo entsha, Februwari 3, 1833 imbongi uyafa eneminyaka engama-49. Kule ngobomi lifutshane iphela. Gnedich Nicholas wangcwatyelwa eSt Petersburg Tikhvin Amangcwaba. Xa uhambo lwakhe lokugqibela wahamba Pushkin, Krylov, Vyazemsky, Olenin, Pletnev kunye namanye amanani abadumileyo zoncwadi ngelo xesha.

indalo

Xa intliziyo umbhali lyrics bekusoloko ingcamango yokuba uhlanga. Gnedich uNikolay Ivanovich wafuna ukuba ziveza umnqweno amalungelo ivumelane kunye nabasebenzi. beqhawe kwakusoloko kukho uthando kunye nenkululeko. Le nto sabangela umdla omkhulu wembongi Shakespeare, Ossian kunye nobugcisa yamandulo ngokubanzi.

abalinganiswa kaHomer babonakala limenza Gnedich yabantu yobuqhawe kunye nokulingana solusapho. umsebenzi yayo idumileyo baba "Abalobi", apho umbhali waba intsomi Russian kunye nesimbo Homeric. Yiloo nto le idyll kucingwa eyona kwindalo yakuqala Gnedich. Nkqu Pushkin ngendlela Umbhalo zabo "Evgeniyu Oneginu" umtya wacaphula le mveliso, xa inkcazelo ethile Petersburg ebusuku ezimhlophe.

Phakathi imisebenzi umbhali kukubonelela kulandelayo:

• "Beauty of Ossian."
• "Ihostela".
• "Peruvian ukuya yaseSpain."
• "Ukuze Umhlobo".
• "Xa engcwabeni kanyoko."

"Iliad"

Ngowe-1807, wasusela ukuguqulelwa "Iliad" Gnedich UNikolai Ivanovich. Le mibongo zaye zabhalwa hexameters, nto leyo likufutshane neloqobo. Ukongeza, ukuba indinyana inguqulelo yokuqala Russian kaHomer. Lo msebenzi ubukho kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-20, yaye ngowe-1829 iye yapapashwa inguqulelo epheleleyo. Labor waba ixabiso elikhulu lwezentlalo nenkcubeko kunye enkondlo. Pushkin ebizwa "feat eziphakamileyo." Kuyo

kanye ingcamango le nguqulelo weza Gnedich nkqu ebuntwaneni ekuqaleni, xa kuqala ukufunda imisebenzi kaHomer. Phambi kwakhe, oku kwenziwa ngababhali abaninzi odumileyo, kuquka Lomonosov Trediakovskii. Kodwa akukho mzamo aluphumelelanga. Ezi meko zinje usinike transfer Gnedich nokuba ubunzima ngakumbi nokubonwa.

anika umdla

I waphila ubomi entle emangalisayo Gnedich UNikolai Ivanovich. biography olufutshane umbhali kufuneka wakhiwe kuphela zeziganeko umdla ezenzeka kuye:

• kanye Olenin wazisa Gnedich njenge itoliki adumileyo kunye ezigqwesileyo zokuzilungisa ye-Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Catherine kunye uKumkanikazi Maria Feodorovna. Ukwazana zingubo yaba izigqibo ukuba imbongi. Ngenxa yakhe kunceda umbhali wanikwa ubomi pension, ukuze akwazi ukuchitha lonke ixesha lakhe walichitha translation "Iliad."
• Gnedich waba ngowokuqala owaqalisa ukupapasha imibongo wayeselula nangaziwayo Pushkin.
• Umbhali yawongwa iimbasa ezimbini umsebenzi wakhe zoncwadi - Vladimir IV degree kunye isidanga Anna II.

Namhlanje, zonke schoolchild wazi kubani Nicholas Gnedich kunye negalelo athe wenza ukuba iincwadi Russian. Noko ke, igama lakhe liyalondolozwa ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, yaye loo nguqulelo "Iliad" nangoku uthathwa okukhulu.