Apho neTilapia ifumaneka endaweni yawo yemvelo? Indlela yokutyala neTilapia? NeTilapia - ntoni intlanzi?

Ezishelfini yeevenkile zethu kunye namakhaya aquarists namhlanje umntu amaninzi ukubona ezi ntlobo zeentlanzi, leyo kudala akunjalo edlulileyo kwenzeka ukufunda kuphela encyclopedia. A Umzekelo umxhelo - tilapia.

Ingakumbi ethandwayo iintlanzi aquarium, njengoko iimpawu zayo zokuziphatha kunye nenkangeleko umdla hayi kuphela wabaqalayo, kodwa ke wena zihlaba.

Ngubani na yena?

Makhe sihlolisise oko okuthathwa neTilapia. Loluphi uhlobo intlanzi le nto? Oku impela sodidi ebanzi, endingowakhe ukuya cichlidae usapho (Cichlids). Iquka ubuncinane ezilikhulu iintlobo neqhelekileyo ekweleenjiko kunye efudumeleyo. Kutshanje, ichthyologists ekwabelwana uhlanga olukhulu kwezinye ezimbini: Oreochromis kunye Sarotherodon.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, eli candelo wabhangiswa, njengoko sakugcina umahluko phakathi abameli kwezi ntlobo. Ukongeza, ukuntsonkotha iingcali basoloko ukongeza ngakumbi kwaye yokuba neTilapia zasendle - intlanzi, sinotyekelo ziyazalana.

Ngenxa yoko, nkqu emanzini bendalo baseAfrika wadibana eziliqela ibhastile nto, ukuba baqonde iyantlukwano zazo zeniyo awunako Izazi nokuba abanamava.

Igama yonke inzala wamnika ummeli inkulu ngubani unanamhla uhlala kummandla Afrika Lake Malawi. Abanye abaphengululi bathi ukuvela le "gama" engaqhelekanga negalelo dumeke kakhulu Aristotle.

Kuthiwa ukuba ngenye imini wayetyelele umhlobo phezu kwetafile leyo wayesandul neTilapia. "Luhlobo luni intlanzi oku!" - wathi Archimedes. Scientist wavuthulula incasa emangalisayo kangaka webele yakhe, yena regretfully wathi: "Yintoni Kulusizi ukuba le" neTilapia ". Ukuba translate eli lizwi, liphuma lesiGrike zibe Russian, kuye kucace ukuba uMaponyane nje buhlungu kukuba yena uhlala kude kakhulu.

Inkangeleko kunye neempawu eziphilayo

Inkangeleko kakhulu ngqo, ekubeni umzimba elifutshane ulwandlalo rough ezinye nenkcubeko ukuphakama kwakhe, nto leyo kwezinye iintlobo ngokuphindwe 2.5 ubude. Intloko nalo enkulu kwaza krwada. Ezisencinci nabafazi musa bendawo befumile umbala.

umbala wabo esilawulwa imibala hina nesilivere. Emphethweni ngasemva inshorensi kumculo i banalo litshatshazi imilo pretty big ngeenxa zonke. Lo mbala linxulunyaniswa yokuhlala, apho zifumaneka kwindalo neTilapia iintlanzi apho olu hlobo ifumaneka emazantsi eninzi yodaka nasemaweni, phakathi kwawo kukho phantse akukho zityalo ukuba afihle.

Iinkunzi mihle ngakumbi: umbala sikhwele uluhlaza kunye Ndileka sisinyithi. Ngexesha lokukhwela livela emacaleni amabala ezine ezinkulu amhlophe, iindevu ophantsi inshorensi kumculo nako ukuba umthunzi emhlophe. Kamsinya nje inkunzi ifikelela ukufikisa, amaphiko akhe pectoral weentsonkotha obomvu, kunye umzimba - velvety emnyama. Ngomhla amaphiko kunye fin caudal kufuneka amaqhakuvana amancinane amhlophe.

Amazinyo ezi ntlanzi ziphuhliswa kakubi, elifutshane. Scales enkulu. Le uhlobo lokutya unika amathumbu: kuba elide kakhulu, yenza inani elikhulu kunene kweziporo zikaloliwe. Oku kungenxa yokuba neTilapia (oko kukuthi intlanzi, sele ukwazi) othi asele inani elikhulu yokutya nemifuno kuphela.

Iimpawu yokuza-

Qaphela ukuba omnye iimpawu ezizodwa ezi ntlanzi yabo dimorphism ngesondo. Enyanisweni, amadoda kunye nabasetyhini ngokucacileyo distinguishable, kodwa kumaxesha amaninzi phantsi kubo - binzana kunokuba isihlobo, ekubeni intlanganisela ezithile iimeko zangaphandle nezangaphakathi, ukutya okanye lobushushu voice ka iimazi, eyindoda zingenwa.

Ngamafutshane, phakathi abameli kule Uhlobo malunga ne-70% ye hermaphrodites efihliweyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kusifikeleyo oku ntlanzi iye idumile: kumzimba amanzi kukhululwa kuphela isibini abantu mhlawumbi ngesondo ukuya isibini leminyaka eye wahlala malungu abantu.

uhlobo kwamandla

Nangona ukwanda kwezityalo ukutya, ezi ntlanzi unelungelo ingabizwa izidla. Yakha Aurea, uMariya, kwakunye njengoMnayile kunye Mozambique iintlobo zazo zidle nawuphi na umcimbi eziphilayo.

Ukuba sithethe melanopleurusah kunye Zillah, ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo makhulu inyama ehlambulukileyo. Ngokubanzi, izazinzulu sele ezibhaliweyo ngaphezu kokuba monographs kweshumi malunga nendima enkulu yezi ntlobo kwi nokuchithwa neetyuwa.

ukwanda Geographical

ezweni Historical kugqalwa eMpuma Afrika. Ogqugqise ezi ntlobo Zanzibar kunye Natal. Kumaxesha amandulo, ukuba athiwe saa ngokubanzi emideni yonke yakwaSirayeli (apho neTilapia yaziwa ngokuba "intlanzi St. UPetros" ukususela kumaxesha yebhayibhile), Jordan kunye Syria. Ukususela ngo-1830 (kubulelwe hambo French) baqalisa ukwanda lwabo ezinkulu mpuma Asia.

Kwilizwe lethu neTilapia fish (ethe ifoto kweli nqaku) lafakwa bama. Kukho ubungqina bokuba oku kwenziwa phambi 1917. Ukususela ngo-1960, yona iqale ukuhlakulela ngenjongo in ichibi sokupholisa ka NPP, izityalo amandla kunye nezinye izibonelelo-mveliso, njengoko kwezi meko kubalulekile ukuba neTilapia unako ukutshabalalisa izityalo nezilwanyana zasemanzini. In kwimimandla ekumzantsi (Krasnodar, umzekelo) ye amadama yokufakelwa kwe njengeentlanzi ezibanjiswe emilanjeni kunye namachibi.

Note aquarists

Ukuba unomdla ukufuya neTilapia kwindawo akwariyam ekhaya, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba amadoda yezi ntlobo zahluke entsha exabisekileyo kakhulu, abadinga a akwariyam enkulu indawo afanelekileyo emazantsi.

Kuba aquarists, bona umdla kakhulu ngenxa yokuziphatha zalo zahlukeneyo kunye nokukwazi ukwenza emehlweni umntu. Ngoko ke, bakhawuleza baqale ukuqonda inkosi yakhe, kulula ukwahlula ngayo kwabanye abantu, ngokuzithandela ngaphandle koloyiko olupheleleyo ukutya ezandleni zakhe.

yehlisa umnotho

Kodwa kwilizwe lethu uninzi kweentlobo ezi ntlanzi akwaziwa ngenxa yokuziphatha kwabo umdla. Isibakala sokuba ezishelfini engoovimba zokutya, uyakwazi ukubona ebalulekileyo "River inkuku" okanye "inkukhu yaselwandle". Ekubeni neTilapia bazibonise? Eneneni, kumanzi zendalo ukwazile akubambisileyo ukuba kudala kuphelisa yokuloba kwayo!

Njengokuba sele sitshilo, phezu isikali mveliso oko kudla Yaphathana kwichibi lungapholi ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa ke inkoliso ukutya namhlanje neTilapia Yaphathana mpuma Asia, apho umntu ngokufuthi uyakwazi ukubona kwiifama intlanzi elikhulu. Zibonakala ngathi amakhulu amachibi amancinane amandla.

Ngokubanzi, ukuveza ezi ntlanzi kunceda kakhulu ukusuka kwindawo kwezoqoqosho ngayo. Ekubeni badla phantse yonke into, awufuni ukufumana iindleko eziphezulu. Ngelishwa, ukutya kwezinto kudla kudlala a joke embi kunye abasebenzisi ekupheleni.

Ngokomzekelo, abanye abalimi Asian sebenzisa ukubondla umgquba. Ayikho nemvelo ngale, kuba neTilapia ngokupheleleyo ngawethu erisayikilishiweyo ifayibha, kodwa ke ingxaki kuyo amaqanda ziimpethu, leyo ke ibe kwixesha elide ukuhlala intlanzi ezininzi.

Kutheni ithandwa kangaka?

Kwakutheni ukuze abameli kule hlobo baye exhaphakileyo aquaculture ehlabathini jikelele? Kwaye akukho kuphela Asia, kodwa e North America, apho ngokukodwa ezizalayo kwizityalo amachibi kunye nezinye izityalo zoshishino neTilapia ebomvu kususelwe.

Eyona nto kukuba le nyama yale ntlanzi ithe incasa libalaseleyo, iqulethe eninzi acid kunye neevithamini. Ukongeza, imeko pre-mveliso (ukusuka Qhotsa ukuya isidumbu) neTilapia iza nje ezimbalwa kweenyanga, lo gama idla inkunkuma yemifuno junk okanye nakudla ukhula ku amachibi.

nto neTilapia (iintlanzi ukuba oku, sixelelwa) waba into yesibini ixhaphakileyo kushishino yasemanzini lo, kuphela kwezinye iintlobo zeCARP leyo.