Anthracite (amalahle nzima): iimpawu kunye nemveliso nendawo

Anthracite luhlobo yamalahle ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngeefosili anqongophele. Lubonakala ngamazinga aphezulu metamorphism (degree of kwezimbiwa eqinileyo kunye notshintsho zezakhiwo).

Njengoko kunye nezinye iintlobo kwemigodi, anthracite - amalahle kuyilwa kumawaka eminyaka ukusuka izityalo ezibe ingekho i-oksijini phantsi layers zomhlaba. Ixesha elibalulekileyo bexesha waxhomekeka iinkqubo coalification kunye humification. Oku kwaba ukubunjwa kweziyobisi utshilo. Carbon got igama lawo amazwi carbon ngamazwe - carbon. Oku kuyinyaniso ethembekileyo. amalahle Anthracite imbono qualitative. Libizwa ngokuba emeraldi.

iimpawu uphawu anthracite

Kule meko kukho iindlela eziliqela. Oko kukuthi, ubukho:

• kugcwale emnyama okanye emnyama yaye ndiyingwevu;
• isilungiseleli seglosi eliphezulu;
• amandla calorific phezulu;
• Unikezelo lombane enkulu;
• nobulukhuni eliphezulu mninzi.

Iimpawu ukubunjwa ezimbiwa

Oku kuthatha kwiinkqubo eziliqela akhawunti. Anthracite senziwa ngendlela ethile. Kuqala nja-, uze namalahle brown uhlobo. Ngaphezu koko, phantsi ezithile unike ifuthe eziphili kwenye into. Oko kukuthi, kwi emalahleni kunye anthracite. Kwimeko yokugqibela, ilinki yenguqu ukuba mifanekiso.

Ubuxoki anthracite (amalahle) kubunzulu omalunga 6 km. Iindawo apho imithombo badla data self-umfanekiso, iphawulwa uhlobo ngamaqela noqweqwe. Ngokomthetho ubafake.

Le Iidipozithi inkulu anthracite amalahle isitya ibekwe kummandla kummandla IDonetsk.

Coal Anthracite: Product Hambisani

Kulo mzekelo, kukho bokuqonda ezininzi ezithile. Anthracite (anthrakitis Greek.) - yiyo amalahle wamatye enziwe ngeefosili anqongophele. It unezinga eliphezulu metamorphism. Ukuba ujonga ngemicroscope ubonisa ukuba isityalo ihlala bohluke. Anthracite - amalahle ukuba umbala omnyama, ngokufuthi kunye unomona nombala. Ngamanye amaxesha afumaneka umbala discolouration nezinala. It ulunika velvety umgca omnyama epleyitini imveliso yephondo. Kwakhona anthracite (amalahle) iphawulwa ukukhazimla onamandla ebuntsimbi. It has a viscosity omkhulu esibhakiweyo, abe conductivity elungileyo zombane. Eliphezulu yobulukhuni Mohs isikali - 2.0-2.5, ubunzima ingxinano organic - 1500-1700 kg / m3. Ubushushu yokutsha - 33,9-34,8 MJ / kg (8100-8350 kcal / kg). Ine- ukufuma yohlalutyo ephantsi - 1-3% kwaye iqulathe ubunzima goryucheobraznoy kwi-9% sohlobo aziphethe kwezinto, 93,5-97,0% carbon, 3.1% hydrogen, ioksijini kunye nitrogen 1.5-2.0%. Oku kuyinyaniso ecacileyo. Le ezimbiwa, leyo iqulethe kwekhabhoni ubunzima amafutha mkhulu kwe-97% kuthiwa superantratsitom. Ngu volume isivuno imveliso kwezinto aziphethe yahlulwe yemiyinge ezimbini mveliso. Oko kukuthi, kunye ubukho 220-330 l / kg - poluantratsity ngayo, kunye nobukho imveliso womthamo elingaphantsi kwe-220 l / kg - anthracite.

Izinto eziluncedo ezimbiwa uthe

Le mveliso izimvo ophezulu umgangatho amalahle kufunxwa. Oku kwahluke kakhulu kwezinye iintlobo, njengoko unawo parameters zilandelayo:

• Umxholo eliphezulu le carbon ezisisigxina. Kulo mzekelo, oko 94-99%.
• Umxholo low nesalfure.
• High ubushushu ethile amandla omlilo.
• Umxholo low sokufuma.
• Luyavutha ngaphandle umsi kunye amadangatye.
• Khawuleza ecima.
• Ukuxinana eliphezulu organic mass. Kulo mzekelo, 1500-1700 iikhilogram square metre nganye.
• Isabelo anthracite ngamalahle - 1.5-1.7.
• Le Unikezelo lombane eliphezulu.

Ukongeza anthracite amalahle isithombe enikiweyo apha, ngexesha yokutsha ayikho sintered. ubulukhuni ayo Mohs kwinqanaba isikali - 2.0-2.5. Enye inzuzo ebalulekileyo kukuba emoyeni ngexesha ukutshiswa le anthracite yabelwa kwi% 5 kuphela volatiles.

Kule hlobo ezimbiwa calorific esemgangathweni ophezulu nawuphi na yamalahle, ezizezi 8.200 kilocalories ikilogram. Xa kuthelekiswa, kwi zokufudumeza igesi ixabiso - 7000 kcal / kg.

Zeziphi iintlobo ukuba lo ngokwala zinikwe

Anthracite Amalahle kwemveliso ophezulu. Oku kuye ekuxoxwe ngazo ngaphambili. Oku kunye nezinye iimpawu eziliqela zidlala indima ekumiseleni lentsimi yayo zokusetyenziswa. Ngokutsho kwiiklasi ubungakanani enjalo klassifitsirutsya amalahle yefosili anthracite (GOST 19242-73). Ukwahlukana ikhutshwa phandle ubungakanani amaqhezu kwimveliso. ezizezi:

• "Ako" - anthracite linqindi nut. Kulo mzekelo, iqhezu zifakiwe ukuba ubukhulu 26-100 mm.
• "AK" - esikhulu anthracite amalahle linqindi. Oku kubandakanya ubungakanani iqhezu ka 50-100 mm.
• "AO" - amalahle kwibakala, Anut anthracite. Ubungakanani amaqhezu 26-50 mm.
• "NDINGUYE" i anthracite entle. Kulo mzekelo, ithathele ingqalelo iqhezu - 13-25 mm.
• "AS" - amalahle kwibakala, imbewu anthracite. Ezi ziquka amaqhezu ukuba ubukhulu 6-13 mm.
• "Ashlam" - anthracite oluludaka. Yena yimveliso original efunyanwa ngokuhlamba wamalahle.
• "AL" - anthracite duff. Kulo mzekelo iqhezu lingaphantsi kwe-6 mm.

ukukhutshwa Implementation anthracite lwenziwa imigodi ezichaphazelekayo. Zinelungelo ubunzulu ukuya ku 1500 m. Le amalahle ke wondla ukusuka emigodini ukuya amashishini ukuba processing. Apho wenziwe nokusebenzisa nokuhlela yi amaqhezu. Emva koku, amalahle ngeengxowa (anthracite) inikezelwa kubasebenzisi ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuphunyezwa kwale nto iluhlobo ilungu (AP), kwaye izityebi kanzulu. Uthe ezimbiwa phantsi lokuthengiswa "AM" yaye "Ako" mihlaba ncam. Nangona le resistivity of amalahle Uhlobo anabo a ngaphezulu.

Ukusetyenziswa anthracite

Le mveliso kakhulu zithandwa. Anthracite - likwimo kakhulu oxineneyo namalahle. Oku kukuvumela ukuba kweso sikhundla yokuqala eklasini of transfer ubushushu kunye nexesha yokutsha. Ukuba uthenga anthracite (amalahle) ukufudumeza, kuza kufuneka ube eninzi ukufudumeza kwindawo efanayo kunokuba xa usebenzisa imveliso efanayo lomnye iintlobo okanye umthi. Naphezu kwayo yonke inzuzo yalo efosili, umnikelo wakhe bendlela. Nge ezixineneyo enkulu, ukuba unako kwaqala alukho kuzo zonke iintlobo boilers kunye wakwaMowabhi. Kubalulekile ukwazi. Kuba omlilo anthracite elungileyo kufuneka unikezelo omhle umoya. Ikakhulu kwi iintlobo mihla boilers amafutha angengomanzi kunyanzelekile. Ukuze ezixineneyo elingezantsi iintlobo amalahle ziquka: amalahle kudala-lidangatye kunye caking.

Anthracite, ngenxa iimpawu zayo calorific, njengabongamileyo kwezinye analogue. Le parameter 8200 kcal / kg. Umzekelo, igesi udidi yendalo - 7000 kcal / kg. Anthracite - amalahle, nto leyo zeyona zonke iintanga zayo. It volatiles ngexesha ukutshiswa yabelwa kwi% 5 kuphela. Anthracite isetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. Oko kukuthi, ekuvelisweni yohlobo mveliso (chemistry, yokunyibilikisa isinyithi, ishishini iswekile, njalo-njalo) kwingingqi zoluntu (ukufudumeza amanzi, ukufudumeza, njalo njalo). Kwakhona isetyenziselwa ubilisa kumakhaya zabucala. Ngaphezulu le yefosili ukuvelisa filtrants asetyenziswa zokucoca amanzi elindle, amanzi njalo njalo.

Anthracite kushishino ugesi

Kule ndawo, ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso bathi nako kubalulekile. Luhlola ukusuka anthracite, apho uthuthu umxholo eliphezulu iklasi 0-13, ezisetyenziswa zibe kukudla ekuphehleni ngamandla. Kule mboni, le yefosili lisetyenziswa ngenxa umxholo aziphethe ephantsi. Amandla ombane isetyenziselwa ukutshiswa nezixhobo ezizodwa anthracite.

Ukuba imveliso ungacolwanga ezikweni yokutsha kukwafuna uhlobo design okhethekileyo. uqwalaselo sabo kunokuba yinqobo kuye. Kufuneka unikeze ukutshiswa epheleleyo ezimbiwa wathi ixesha xa kwindawo yokutsha okhethekileyo.

Coal ngamaqhezu ezincinane, kwakunye ezinomthamo aphantsi isalfure, nitrogen, iphosphate ezisetyenziswa oongxawu ezizodwa eziyilelwe lo. Enye ukusetyenziswa uthe imveliso kwi uhlobo isamente ubungakanani ezikweni elivutha encinane.

Anthracite yokunyibilikisa isinyithi

Kule ndawo, le eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye ufumene isicelo yayo. Anthracite isetyenziswa yokunyibilikisa isinyithi sintering zentsimbi kunye lekalika. iinkqubo Domain electrosteel kwaye ngokufanelekileyo musa ukuvumela ukulawula inani kwezinto ezinobungozi betekisi yaya kwi-atmosfera. Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa uthe engagqibekanga aphezulu amafutha kukhokelela iinkqubo ezininzi indalo metallurgical.

Ukongeza, le hlobo yefosili encinane ezisetyenziswa ekuvelisweni yodidi oluphezulu-carbon ukwenza carburization yesibini. Xa amaziko nokuphalazeka kwelifu, ukuba inkqubo PCI (sokumema amafutha ungacolwanga) nazo zinokusetyenziswa anthracite. Nantsi sisalathisi engundoqo ukufuma wamalahle, onikezelwa.

Kulo mzekelo, wathi amafutha nga lesitofu culm kukhala eziko. technology efanayo isetyenziswa kakuhle kakhulu amazwe Western eYurophu Asia - China, eJapan, Korea. In Russia and Ukraine, le ndlela iya ngokuya ethandwa.

Xa amalahle kushishino metallurgical isetyenziswe metal yokunciphisa arhente.

Anthracite - sorbents

Kuyinto enye lweentsingiselo nathembisayo ekusetyenzisweni kwale ezimbiwa. Anthracite ungasebenzisa ngenxa ukusisulungekisa amanzi okusela amdaka edolophu. Kulo mzekelo, udlala indima lokucoca kwaye ngokulula indawo iyasebenza namalahle. Lena into ebalulekileyo.

izinto eziphakamileyo-carbon Alternative

market Coal ngokwesiko yahlulwe amacandelo amabini. Ngezantsi kubo imveliso amandla coke ukuthini. indlela amaxabiso ahamba ngayo iimveliso zixhomekeke kwicandelo kunye nezinye izinto. Kwaye kaninzi ke ezahlukeneyo.

Anthracite yimveliso ekhethekileyo, langoku ngempumelelo ngezigaba ezibini. Ngapha koko, nangoku libambe indawo ebalulekileyo kwimarike ezikhethekileyo nokusetyenziswa mveliso. okuhambisa Ixabiso iimpahla ezifanayo ngezigaba ezahlukeneyo zinokwahluka, oko kukuthi, kule nkalo, kukho komhlaba. Umzekelo, ukuba iindleko ingxenye amalahle nzima uwe, ngoko omnye sukube ikhula.

Anthracite ngempumelelo ukukhuphisana grafayithi, amalahle, i-petroleum coke. Le awo ye amaxabiso kubo ngenxa oku kuya kuxhomekeka iindleko zamandla yombane, iimveliso zesinyithi njalo njalo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula. Ngaphezu kwako konke, ixabiso anthracite kuya kuchaphazela yintoni imeko yoqoqosho lwehlabathi. Noko ke, kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo kukuba Dynamics buqapheleke rhoqo zokukhula.

isiphelo

Ngokutsho iziphumo ngasentla, ku nga vuriwa leswaku Coal Anthracite Ngokubona ixhaphakileyo zehlabathi kwezimbiwa. It has a kwinqanaba eliphezulu net Amandla umgangatho xa ovelisa umbane nobushushu kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu neenkqubo zemveliso. Wayewabhekisa kushishino ukulungiselela ukuveliswa iikhemikhali ayibizi. Xa inzululwazi yanamhlanje kunye nobuchwepheshe ayikwazi kutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo kwishishini anthracite le. Le nkalo. Ngoko ke, kwixesha elizayo kuya kuba phambili gesi olumandla anthracite kunye namalahle bituminous.