Uhlobo kummandla Moscow, iyantlukwano yawo kunye nokhuselo

Eyona iphambili lwendalo eMoscow kunye nommandla eMoscow i indawo.

imbonakalo-mhlaba

ummandla eMoscow iyahluka isiqabu ikakhulu tyaba. Kwinxalenye yasentshona neenduli, ifikelela ngaphezu kwesinye anamashumi mathandathu eemitha. Okwimpuma iquka ikakhulu entilini ngokubanzi.

Ukususela kumzantsi-ntshona ukuya emntla-mpuma yolula isiphelo glaciation eMoscow. Ukuya wasemantla esilawulwa iifom ukhukuliseko glacial, apho ezihonjiswe ezintlwini nebala. Ukuya ngasezantsi kwaqhenqetha kuphela iifom uncedo erosional.

sezulu

Ingakumbi uhlobo lommandla eMoscow limisela ummandla isimo sezulu. Ngenxa zonyaka ezahlukeneyo ehlotyeni imozulu efudumeleyo, kwaye ubusika obubandayo ngokulinganisela. Umntu unako ukuyiqwalasela ukwanda yezwekazi kumntla-ntshona ukuya engasezantsi, nakwintshonalanga engasentla. Ngeli thuba ukusuka kwiintsuku 120 ukuya 135, umlinganiselo wobushushu ngezantsi 0 Degrees Celsius. Kuthatha eli xesha, ukususela phakathi kuNovemba ukuya ekupheleni kuka Matshi. ummandla Nature eMoscow malilungiselelwe lobushushu yonyaka kuthetha leyo isusela ukusuka 2.7 ukuya 3.8 degrees Celsius.

umfula

Zonke amadama flow-wonke ummandla eMoscow ubudlelwane ngqo iVolga isitya. IVolga ngokwayo Uyagoba ngeenxa indawo encinci intsimi kwindawo apho kukho umda kunye kummandla yaseTver. Kwinxalenye osemantla iVolga River nemingenela flow, nakwelasezantsi - omlambo i-Oka, nto leyo isebe lokuqala kunye yesibini ngobukhulu emva iVolga kummandla eMoscow. Le swimming pool ye-Oka nazo ziquka omlambo i-Moskva River, inxalenye ebalulekileyo emvulophini Meshchery.

Lilonke inani imilambo kule ndawo - abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu. ubude yabo kweekhilomitha ngaphezu kweshumi. Ngamnye kubo eyayinethombo uthotho zizandyondyo intlambo ephuhliswe kakuhle. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ikhephu-ukutya. ixesha unogumbe na ixesha ukususela ku-Apreli ukuya kuMeyi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha ehlotyeni, inqanaba lamanzi ngokubanzi liphantsi kakhulu, ndibathuma ndivuka kuphela xa imvula kuyoluka. Ukususela kuNovemba ukuya Epreli, umlambo igqunywe ngumkhenkce. Shipping kuphela inkulu: Oka, iVolga kunye Moskva River.

uhlaza

Ngenxa yokuba lo mmandla eMoscow ise ehlathini kunye emathafeni imimandla, amahlathi ashinyeneyo ngu amane ekhulwini ndawo komhlaba iyonke. Inxalenye esemantla yi Upper iVolga yasezithabazini, Western - imimandla Mozhaisk, Lotoshinsky, Shakhovskoy. Kule ndawo uye wandiswa ihlathi coniferous, isixa esininzi na nespruce. Uhlobo Region eMoscow kwisithili emelweyo Meshchora pine yehlathi. Emathafeni mgxobhozo inokufumaneka zamahlathi angawodwa alder. Xa Umbindi kunye nempuma yeli mmandla ube imithi coniferous kunye avuthulukayo. Isiseko nespruce, pine, ezinde, Aspen.

Le undergrowth kuyanda amangile, ekwabizwa ngokuba hazelnut. Iyantlukwano yobume, ummandla eMoscow ngenxa ubukho yeseti subzones. Ukuba iziko esilawulwa imithi coniferous, ebekwe ngezantsi amahlathi ezinamagqabi avuthulukayo. Ezi ziquka oki, Aspen, kunye Elm kunye maple amagqabi kunye ezibukhali. Le ndawo yenguqu njengoko Moskva-Oka endulini, abazizityebi kunye amaphecana amakhulu nespruce. Umzekelo okuphawuleka Lopasnya umlambo eliphezulu. Oka intlambo ligubungela ehlathini, ngenxa iyafika uphawu emaqeleni.

Emaphethelweni esemazantsi, equka indawo Silver-Prudsky esilawulwa ummandla ihlathi-emathafeni. Ngenxa yokuba zonke isiqwenga somhlaba kulinywa, complex zendalo iye yachitheka nokuba iziqwenga. Kuphela ngamaxesha athile ukwazi ukuhlangabezana ngekalika okanye oki Ashera omgawuleyo.

Ngenxa yokuba ukususela ngenkulungwane elinesibhozo, amahlathi ziye phantsi ukungena olunzulu, uhlobo yommandla eMoscow kutshintshile kule umlinganiselo iintlobo zemithi. Sapling (ngakumbi - nespruce) iinkuni submenu Yayityhila ezincinane leyo ezinde Aspen. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amaplanga ngamnye ixabiso olondolozo lwamanzi, ngoko usika phantse azikho kwaukubakho. Ngononophelo wenziwe umsebenzi wokwakha kwi Imo yonxunguphalo - kummandla we kufutshane eMoscow.

In Shatura and Lukhovitsky iindawo olufanayo kumgxobhozo. Inkoliso yabo kulo kwinxalenye esempuma. esinendawo Natural ziye phantse ziphinde zenzeke. Inani izityalo zomthonyama kunciphisa kabukhali, ke, nalapha ngaphakatyhi zixhaphakile amalungu eluhlaza nezinye iintlobo, ezifana maple yaseMelika, inkomo parsnip Sosnowski, Aquilegia vulgaris. I-Nature Conservancy kummandla eMoscow kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba izityalo ezininzi ezidweliswe kwi-Red encwadini Russian Federation. Ezi ziquka nezompleyini amanzi, Slipper nenekazi, kunye nabanye.

jikelele silwane

Class of ezanyisayo kule ndawo amela iimbila, iilynx, iiprotheni, otter, muskrat, ermine, izinja raccoon, neencanda, imivundla (Belyakov, brown), shrews, weasels, iimpungutye, amaxhama, yasendle, abamenzelayo, amabuzi (emnyama, izimvi) , marten, impuku (ehlathini, yellow-, intsimi, brownies, impuku baby), impuku ezinde, ngoboya, ixhama (odume kunene, nezirhwexu, deer), muskrat, voles (ebomvu, ongwevu, Pashennoye, amanzi, izindlu), ferrets abamnyama . Ukwahluka uhlobo kummandla eMoscow ayiphelelanga kwiintlobo kuluhlu. Kwimida ukuhlangabezana nebhere, lynx, ingcuka. Kumazantsi umiwe hamsters, nenomlanga, nezirhwexu oonomatse emhlabeni, hamsters, marten ilitye, ferrets.

kwiindawo ngamnye liyi kwamanani olomeleleyo izilwanyana Nedlac kule ndawo. Ezi ziquka oonomatse eziphaphazelayo, oonomatse eziphaphazelayo, eMelika, nelinqa laseSiberia. Wavele, ezi neentlobo zezidalwa ezincancisayo ezi wayewathenga kwezinye iingingqi. E Moscow kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi of ilulwane Myotis (eziqhelekileyo, ikhamisile, ichibi, amanzi), bat (ehlathini, kwintabalala), noctule (ebomvu, ezincinane, isigebenga), ulusu-ezimibala mibini, plecotus emdaka.

izilwanyana ezinamaphiko

Ukubukela iintaka complex iquka iintlobo ezingaphezu kwesinye elinamanci asixhenxe kweentaka. Ibe inani elikhulu tamarind, blackbirds, icula, bullfinches, Nightingale, Korostelev peewits, omhlophe, ezinjengookhwalimanzi ezingwevu, ama, neenkowane, amadada, ebomvana. Kukho ezininzi oongqatyana, magpies, Ingekalili kunye nabanye abameli intaka ephilileyo kumbindi weRashiya. Ngaphezulu kwamashumi amane iintlobo wabhekisela kuzingela.

abahlali Water

Nature Moscow Region zizityebi amachibi ohleliyo ezahlukeneyo enkulu yeentlanzi (ruffs, zeCARP, breams, groupers, Roach, Rota, Pike-zakhele, Pike).

izinambuzane sigaba inani elikhulu kwiintlobo. Ngokomzekelo, iinyosi omnye kuphela ziquka zenyathi abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu. Zihlala apha "abemi 'of the International Red Book.

namasele

Iintlobo ezintandathu ezirhubuluzayo uhlobo natyebileyo kummandla eMoscow. Iifoto abathile kubo sinako ndafumana kwiincwadi zesikolo. Ntulo (kubandakanywa ntlanzi, anguis, viviparous, nimble), inyoka (irhamba, iinyoka garter eqhelekileyo, copperhead). Kwakhona, kukho ubungqina bokuba kukho inani elincinane Ufudo Bog kule ndawo. Class eziphila ezi leenewt (eziqhelekileyo, pectinate), maxoxo (engwevu eluhlaza), isele (esintu, YamaSilamsi, ichibi, ichibi, ezityiwayo), spadefoot eqhelekileyo, umlilo-bellied xoxo yaseYurophu.

yokuvikela

Le projekthi kazwelonke "Ezahlukahlukeneyo Moscow mmandla indalo" yenzelwe ukutsala ingqalelo kwizinto ilifa lesizwe ukuba abe kokusingqongileyo, zenkcubeko ngokwenzululwazi nokubaluleka okhethekileyo.

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba kulondolozwe nokukhusela lwabo impembelelo enzima anthropogenic kwi bio-nezakhiwo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, umisele iindawo ezikhuselweyo. Ezi ziquka Oka masimu Biosphere Reserve (ongaphantsi ukhuselo ekhethekileyo inyathi), Park National "Ixhama Island", kwakunye wokuzingela Phendla "Zavidovo" kunye umdlalo oovimba ezibaluleke federal.

Iprojekthi "Ulwahlukano uhlobo kummandla eMoscow" disseminates ulwazi olukhuselwe ngokukodwa kwiindawo zendalo besive ilifa lesizwe. izakhiwo ezinjalo iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zombini umphezulu esemhlabeni nesemanzini, kwaye naphezu kwazo. ukuba Banduluka ukusetyenziswa ezoshishino noqoqosho igunya loluntu, kwaye isigqibo imizimba ezizodwa zixhomekeke kulawulo ukhuseleko olukhethekileyo.

ezikhumbuzo uhlobo

iindawo ngokukodwa ezikhuselweyo ekungenakufumaneka ezinye endaweni yazo bio-nezakhiwo. ezikhumbuzo Natural ye Ingingqi Moscow kuquka iiprojekthi ngaphezu asibhozo. Izinto zendlu, iindonga zokungqinga, amathanga ezincinane iintaka, ezinye iinkalo amathanga emathafeni, oceba iintlambo bevala ezahlukeneyo, amathanga beaver, iindawo apho iintaka yentaka, amachibi ezincinane, iindawo zokuhlala, iindawo ihlathi encinane, umlambo oxbow lenguquko ejoliswe sigcine isimo sabo yendalo . bonke zithulwe ilizwe, kwaye kulawulwa ngumthetho ilizwe Russian Federation.

iqhekeza ngalinye semvelo yokundwendwela yaso, equlethe ulwazi malunga igama, indawo, inqanaba ngaphantsi, imida, iindlela zokhuseleko, isebenzisa yokwakha, kwaye neenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano abanini komhlaba apho kukho iinkqubo zendalo, kwaye ulwazi malunga abantu sendide luxanduva nomsebenzi wakhe ukugcina biocomplex.