Amoeba Proteus: iklasi, indawo yokuhlala, iifoto. Njengoko uhamba amoeba nayo?

Izilwanyana, njengazo zonke izinto, abantu kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo lo mbutho. Enye yazo yeseli, kunye nommeli yoqobo - Amoeba Proteus. Iimpawu isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza ingqalelo iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

Subkingdom kwiseli

Nangona eli qela ngendlela sidibanisa silwanyana kakhulu nobu-, iyantlukwano yayo iintlobo sele ifikelele iintlobo-70. Kwelinye icala, oko zikuko elungiswe kakhulu nje ngabameli zehlabathi isilwanyana. Kwelinye - yinto nje isakhiwo ekhethekileyo. Khawufan 'ucinge nje: nye, ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu, iseli iyakwazi ukwenza zonke iinkqubo ebalulekileyo: ukuphefumla, intshukumo, kunye nokuzala. Amoeba Proteus (ifoto ubonisa umfanekiso wakhe ngemicroscope ukukhanya) ngummeli eqhelekileyo subkingdoms elula. imilinganiso yalo ngokulambisa kufikelela microns-20.

Amoeba Proteus: protozoans yeklasi

kanye Igama le ntlobo zezilwanyana ungqina ukuba inqanaba yentlangano wayo, ekubeni Proteus lithetha "lula." Kodwa ke sisilwanyana emidala? Amoeba Proteus emele udidi eziphilayo ukuhamba esebenzisa non-permanent outgrowths kukho icytoplasm. Ngokufanayo ukuhambisa kunye neeseli igazi ezingenambala eyenza amajoni omzimba womntu. Ewe kuthiwa leukocytes. intshukumo zazo zithwala ebizwa - amoeboid.

Ziziphi uhlobo bume omiweyo yi Amoeba Proteus

Le omzimba elula ukhetha ukuhlala amanzi kunye netyiwa. A iimeko evumayo ukuba zokuxinana kwamanzi anokungenwa njengoko le nkqubo ifuna inani elikhulu iintsholongwane, nto leyo zidle kwezi lenyama. Noko ke, umbono walo segazi aziva ekhululekile kwi mithambo yethumbu yabantu. Ngophanya nje lweliso, kusenokubonakala ngathi ukuba uhlobo olwaye lwamfimfitha. Kodwa lo mbono nto eziphosakeleyo. Ukuba ethunjini, zayidla phezu ezahlukeneyo iintsholongwane kunye ingandenzakalisi abantu kuzisa. Kodwa ukuba amathumbu amoeba nqa engena imithambo yegazi kunye negazi uqalisa ukutya iiseli ezibomvu. Kulo mzekelo, iindonga akhiwa izilonda. Bangenwa segazi amoeba ayikwazi, esebenzisa amanzi ekrwada, imifuno ezimdaka kunye neziqhamo.

Ohleli amanzi ezingcoliswe Amoeba Proteus ingandenzakalisi nabani kuzisa. Le yokuhlala yeyona kufanelekile, kuba kuthatha nje indima ebalulekileyo kwikhonkco lokutya.

iimpawu zezakhiwo

Amoeba Proteus nenabameli leklasi, kodwa kunokuba subkingdoms kwiseli enye. ubukhulu ngenkankulu ifikelela 0.05 mm. Iliso lenyama kunokubonwa kunye iqhuma kunzima perceptible zejeli. Ke zonke ezi organelles iseli enkulu iza kuba kubonakala kuphela phantsi ngemicroscope wokukhanya ukukhulisa eliphezulu.

Surface Amoeba proteus iiseli unit emelwe i inwebu yeseli, leyo omhle luthambe. Ngaphakathi kukho umxholo semi-ulwelo - kukho icytoplasm. Ihamba lonke ixesha, ebangela ukuyilwa prolegs. Amoeba - isilwanyana eukaryotic. Oku kuthetha ukuba impahla yayo yemfuza livalelwe i core.

Intshukumo elula

Njengoko uhamba amoeba nayo? Oku kwenziwa non-permanent outgrowths kukho icytoplasm. Eqhubekela ukuba ibe Buze. Kwaye ke aqukuqela kakuhle ukuya kukho icytoplasm kule seli. Pseudopodia ziyatsalwa ndakubumba kwenye indawo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, Amoeba Proteus akanayo umzimba uhlobo ngokusisigxina.

ukudla

Amoeba proteus phage okwaziyo kunye pinocytosis. Oku iinkqubo nokufunxwa eziqinileyo iseli kunye ezilulwelo, ngokulandelelana kwazo. Sidla ulwelwe kakhulu, iintsholongwane lenyama ezifana-eziphilayo. Amoeba Proteus (photo ngezantsi ibonisa ulungiso inkqubo ukutya) esondeleyo kubo ngonyawo lobuxoki. Ngaphezu koko, ukutya ngaphakathi kwiseli. Nxazonke uqalisa ukwakha vacuole yokwetyisa. Ngenxa enzyme lwanamathela amasuntswana, zifunxwe ngumzimba, kwaye iintsalela undigested iyasuswa ngokusebenzisa ndizayo. Phagocytosis ngu leukocytes igazi kutshabalalisa amasuntswana yayintsholongwane eyosulela luchukumisa mzuzu ngamnye ebantwini nasezilwanyaneni. Ukuba ezi seli akukhuselwanga ngale ndlela eziphilayo, ubomi bekuya kuba nzima.

Ukongeza unikezelo organelles ezikhethekileyo kwi icytoplasm kwaye uvuliwe. Esi sakhiwo cell non-abasisigxina. Bandisa kwi icytoplasm, apho kukho iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze oku. Kunye nenkcitho, xa oku kusenzeka yimfuneko ebalulekileyo. Le starch okuziinkozo zamathontsana lipid.

umoya

Amoeba Proteus, kwakunye nazo zonke elilodwa olunye-, Akukho organelles ezikhethekileyo ukuze baphumeze inkqubo ukuphefumla. Isebenzisa zomongomoya onyibilikisiweyo emanzini okanye kwezinye ulwelo, xa kufikwa amoebae afumaneka kwezinye izinto eziphilayo. Gas exchange kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa iyunithi umphezulu amoeba. I iseli inwebu le akubonakali mpilo kunye carbon dioxide.

buphindwe

Kuba amoeba luphawulwa yokuzala maqanda. Oko kukuthi, ukwahlulwa zibe iiseli. Le nkqubo yenziwa kuphela kwezi nyanga zishushu. Oku kwenzeka ngokwamanqanaba eziliqela. Okokuqala yahlukana core. Ibanga bahlukaniswa constriction. Ngenxa inucleus elinye ukusekwa ezimbini ezifanayo. Le kukho icytoplasm lento eqwengiweyo phakathi kwabo. nakwiindawo ring-enqatyisiweyo ngeenxa ngumongo, ukwakha iiseli ezimbini ezintsha. Contractile vacuole yenye yazo, kunye nezinye lasungulwa kwenzeka kwakhona. Icandelo kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa mitosis, ngoko ke iiseli intombi i ikopi ngqo umzali. inkqubo yokuzala amoeba lwenzeka kakhulu ngokukhawuleza: izihlandlo eziliqela ngemini. Ngoko ke iminyaka ubomi ngamnye lincinane kakhulu.

ulawulo xi

Uninzi amoebae zifumaneka kwi-bume emanzini. Kulo isixa esithile neetyuwa lichithakale. Kobeka phi na kweziyobisi kukho icytoplasm ye elula. Ngoko ke, kufuneka eze amanzi avela kummandla izinga izinto ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Yiyo leyo imithetho physics. Kulo mzekelo, umzimba we amoeba ange ndiziqhawule ukusuka ukufuma kwemfuneko. Kodwa oku akwenzeki ngenxa yesenzo contractile vacuole ezizodwa. Bona ukususa amanzi agqithisileyo idibene neetyuwa ichithwe kuyo. Ngelo xesha linye zinika homeostasis - isondlo rhoqo ye -bume lwangaphakathi.

Yintoni a cyst

Amoeba Proteus, kwakunye nezinye ezilula, siqheliswe ngakumbi ukuba amava kweemeko ezinzima. iseli wakhe eyeka esidla, ubunzulu zonke iinkqubo zobomi unciphisa, ukutya zokumisa. Amoeba ayeke ukwabela. It wambu iqokobhe exineneyo kule fomu uthwala xesha kwabathile na ubude. Oku kwenzeka ngamaxesha onke ekwindla kunye nokuqalisa ubushushu ephilayo kwiseli iqalisa ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, ukondla sizale. Le nto inye kwenzeka kwiinyanga ezifudumeleyo, kunye nokuqalisa kwembalela. Ukwenziwa cysts elinye intsingiselo. Ihlala yokuba ukwimeko enjalo ithwala umoya amoebae phezu imigama emide, uRussell le iintlobo.

ucaphuka

Kakade ke, phezu luvo zezi lenyama akukho mbuzo, ngenxa yokuba umzimba yabo ibandakanya iseli enye kuphela. Noko ke, kule ndawo zonke izinto eziphilayo ezivela amoeba proteus wabonakaliswa ngohlobo Taxis. Eli gama libhekisela ukusabela kwizinto zohlobo olwahlukileyo amanyathelo. Bangakwazi HIV. Umzekelo, amoeba ihamba ngokucacileyo eya izinto ukutya. Esi simo enyanisweni singachasaniswa kunye ingqondo zezilwanyana. Imizekelo iiteksi ezimbi yi eshukumayo Amoeba proteus ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo, ukusuka kummandla lumtyuba aphezulu okanye nokushukunyiswa mechanical. Leli khono ikakhulu ixabiso olukhuselayo.

Ngoko Amoeba Proteus yi subkingdoms ummeli eqhelekileyo ezilula okanye olunye-elilodwa. Eli qela lezilwanyana yeyona okuqala amalungiselelo. umzimba yabo ubunjwe kwiseli enye, kodwa iyakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yonke ephilayo: ukuphefumla, badle, ziyazala, hambisa, usabele ezintweni kunye neemeko engentle yokusingqongileyo. Amoeba proteus ecosystem yinxalenye amanzi kunye netyuwa, kodwa iyakwazi zihlale kweminye eziphilayo. Kwindalo, nto ithatha inxaxheba kumjikelo we mba kwaye ikhonkco ebalulekileyo ikhonkco lokutya, ukuba sisiseko amachibi ezininzi ezincinane.