Alfred Shkliarsky. Biography kanye nomsebenzi umbhali

Iinoveli wentetho Kweli nqanaba umbhali malunga iikona ezisemaphandleni ehlabathini, emema abafundi ukuba adventure engakholelekiyo kunye njengamaqhawe abo. Imbali Alfred Shklyarskii kwixesha elikude emva kwemfazwe utyhila ukuba umfundi amazwe ezingaqhelekanga kunye nobuzwe. igama lakhe kwiincwadi behamba kunye nabantwana, kunye nabantu abadala. Kodwa okumangalisayo, umbhali kweenoveli alucelomngeni lokuhamba akathandwa.

ngombhali

Umbhali Wazalelwa eUnited States, 21/01/1912, eChicago, apho ngowe-1908 kwanyanzeleka ukuba thutha kuyise - lomzabalazo kunye nelungu le-Polish Socialist Party. Xa Alfred ubeminyaka ilishumi elinamithandathu ezelwe, ukuba usapho wabuyela ePoland.

Ukususela ngowe-1928 baye bahlala idolophu ngunina wakhe Włocławek, apho Alfred Shkliarsky kokugqiba isikolo. Ngowe-1932 wafudukela Warsaw. Alfred wangena Academy of Science yezopolitiko kule Consulate. Wagqiba esikolweni ngo-1938 waza wafumana idiploma. Kodwa ukuqala umsebenzi wezopolitiko yena linqanda imfazwe.

Xa akhademi, wadibana umfazi wakhe elizayo, uChristine, lowo ke satshata ngo-1939 xa ibandla St James.

beminyaka yemfazwe

Ebudeni bomsebenzi, usapho wahlala ePoland. Ekupheleni 1939, Alfred waba umhleli wephephandaba "New Warsaw Courier", eyapapashwa phantsi kolawulo zabahlaseli. Phantsi elakho Marek Smuha, Alfred Muravsky, Alfred Gruda wapapasha ngo "New Courier" ngaphezu kwekhulu lamabali akhe neenoveli kuqala.

Alfred wajoyina ezintlwini Ekhaya Army, walwa abahlaseli, wathabatha inxaxheba Warsaw Uprising ka-1944. Emva koko wafudukela Krakow, yaye ukususela ngoFebruwari 1945 ngenqindi phantsi kuhlala Katowice.

Alfred Shkliarsky ngo-1949 wagwetywa iminyaka esibhozo entolongweni ngenxa ukupapashwa kwiphephandaba "Warsaw Courier" ngexesha umsebenzi lwamaNazi. Yena wabekwa "iintshukumo nxamnye nabantu Polish." Umbhali waziphendulela.

Kodwa ke inkundla akazange athathe ingqalelo nayiphi na inxalenye Alfred e Warsaw Uprising, okanye nenxaxheba yakhe kumzabalazo wokulwa imikhosi msebenzi ezintlwini Ekhaya Army, apho wabonisa isibindi nokuzinikela ezweni lakhe. Ayizange ukunceda, kunye akhawunti kuFacebook.

Ngowe-1953 Shkliarsky lwaxolelwa waza wakhululwa. Emva koko wasebenza umhleli endlwini zokupapasha Śląsk de 1977. Umbhali wafa e Katowice 09.04.1992 ngonyaka.

imisebenzi zoncwadi

bt Shklyarskii senzeka ngexesha Poland ilawulwa amajoni amaNazi. Iinoveli zokuqala ejoliswe kubantu abadala: "Iron Claw" (1942), "Igazi Diamond" (1943), "Ihlebo engcwabeni" (1944).

Emva kwemfazwe, Alfred Shkliarsky ukutyikitya incwadi lezibizo Alfred Bronsky okanye Fred wembali. Le ncwadi post-imfazwe "awasukela, athana mbende 'wokuqala (1946)," Oodade ezintathu "(1946)," Musa ukulinda phezulu kum "(1947) kunye Błędne ognie (1947), ebhalwe phantsi elabo Alfred Bronskiy libonwe nokuba abafundi okanye abagxeki.

Esisibonisa yi umbhali wagqiba ukuzama isandla sakhe ekudalweni kwemisebenzi ukulungiselela abafundi abatsha. Ngowe-1947, wabhala phantsi elabo Fred wembali, inoveli abantwana "Tom na usengxakini." Eneneni, waba umonde nenkalipho emangalisayo. Ngembeko wabhekana umvambo wemfazwe kunye nomsebenzi Alfred Shkliarsky. Biography of umbhali ungqina indlela umntu ukunyaniseka kwilizwe lakhe, abafundi zoshishino ozithandayo.

Ngowe-1951, iincwadi zakhe wemkayo onke amathala eencwadi ziye zavalwa imingcele. Kodwa waqhubeka ukuyenza, ngokumema abafundi bayo kwihlabathi adventures engaqhelekanga kwaye emangalisayo.

Kwincwadi "Tom usenkathazweni" malunga inkwenkwe imvelaphi Polish, owazalelwa eMelika. Xa ufunda le Warsaw Uprising-ndaba yaseMelika, wathumela ilizwe labo ikhaya enqanaweni Polish. Kodwa kuya kusiba eAfrika, apho ekhangela adventure engakholelekiyo. Incwadi kokulindela ngempumelelo, kwaye inoveli uba kwase komdyarho "The Adventures of UTomek Vilmovskogo".

UTomek nabahlobo bakhe

Incwadi yokuqala ngcelele "UTomek e abasebuthathaka lizwe" (1957) azizange impumelelo elindelekileyo. Kodwa ke ukunyanzelisa yangoku yomhleli Alfred waqhubeka ukusebenza kula manqaku, wenza izilungiso, ngokulandela icebiso yomshicileli. Uhlelo lwesibini liyifumene iintliziyo abafundi. Kwaye kule minyaka eyalandelayo kukho iincwadi ezisibhozo kolu ngcelele.

Iinoveli senzelwe ababukeli abatsha, umhleli Shklyarskii bacenga ukuba asayine igama lokwenyani. uthotho iinoveli malunga umfana uthi UTomek, ohamba ehlabathini lonke nabahlobo bakho kwaye ingena adventures.

Le hero zeencwadi zakhe UTomek - umfundi engumzekelo, umhlobo olungileyo uyayixabisa ubuhlobo bokwenene. Uthotho iincwadi asithoba ligcwele zibakala zejografi, zembali kunye nenkcubeko. Kubhaliwe kunye nentwana uburharha kwaye ezinomtsalane kubantu abatsha, kuba lowo umbhali yaza yadala imisebenzi yakhe.

I inoveli yokugqibela oluthi "UTomek kweli lizwe koFaro" wahlala phahla. Yanyatheliswa Bulelani Adam Zelge, abagqibe phezu ngokwesiseko iirekhodi oluqulunqwe ngumbhali. Le noveli yapapashwa ngo-1994.

Indian trilogy

Ngokuhlanganyelana kunye nomfazi wakhe, Christina, Alfred Shkliarsky wabhala trilogy malunga eSioux - Indian yesizwe North America. Cycle "Black Hills Gold" ichaza izithethe kunye nenkolo yabantu bomthonyama, ungquzulwano phakathi izizwe Native American, yaye lokukhathalela imfazwe undeclared okwangoku ngabantu abamhlophe nxamnye nezizwe zamaNdiya.

Kuthiwa, Shklyarskii iinoveli ngembali yeentlungu bomthonyama Melika igcwele ziintlungu, kuba zabhalwa ngumbhali kwaobo yamaNazi. Imbali ngesiquphe ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe, kwaye inkohlakalo abahlaseli kushiya uphawu ngokunzulu umphefumlo yombhali. Wayekholelwa ukuba imbali eNative baseMerika lifana kubemi Polish, apho wazama ukutshabalalisa aze anitshabalalise.

Umahluko kuphela kukuba izibonda ikwazile sisinde kule ukuhlasela, yaye ekugqibeleni bomthonyama American baphulukana ilizwe labo. Alfred Shkliarsky aqatha ungquzulwano ukutshatana nobundlobongela kwaye ebesoloko wakhuthaza uxolo kulo lonke ihlabathi, hayi esamkela naziphi nezomhlaba.

Iinoveli kolu ngcelele yaba yimpumelelo enkulu. Zadlula ngokuchanileyo emangalisayo nezibakala zembali, inkcubeko zamaNdiya. Ukuze abafundi Polish, abahlala emva ludilike, yaba nobutyebi nje bolwazi nokufumanisa. Umbhali watyeda ulwazi lwabo iincwadi, iimagazini, amaphephandaba.

Umbhali Uhambo, ongamthandiyo ukuba ukuhamba

Umbhali Alfred Shkliarsky kakuhle e IsiNgesi, isiJamani kunye isiFrentshi. Nice ukwazi Italian. Kodwa akazange ufuna ukuhamba.

A uhambo oluya eYiputa, apho kuqala wahamba kunye nomfazi wakhe, asiphumelelanga ngokupheleleyo. Yaba Alfred ityhefu kakhulu kwaye wachitha uhambo ukuya esibhedlele. Ukususela ngoko, ukubuya ngomdla ukufumana i uhambo umfazi wakhe, apho wayesoloko nazo njengezikhumbuzo ekhaya yamabali ezingaqhelekanga kunye ezintsha.

umbhali wencwadi bamzisa udumo ehlabathini lonke. Waye bawongwa ngamabhaso eziliqela, kuquka Orle Pióro (1968) kunye 'Order of the Ncuma "ibhaso, abenikwe abantwana (1971). Ukongeza, Shkliarsky kabili waphawula uMphathiswa Prime imisebenzi ukulungiselela abafundi abatsha (1973, 1987). Waba ilungu loMbutho ababhali Polish.

iincwadi Shklyarskii ziye zaguqulelwa kwiilwimi Russian kunye Bulgarian. Ngelishwa, awade zapapashwa IsiNgesi. Kuphela ku Poland elinanye lezigidi iikopi bathengisa.

Iinoveli namhlanje athandwa kakhulu, nangona into yokuba komhla wopapasho babo ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi. Baqhubekeka ukufumana abafundi ngakumbi ezintsha phakathi abadala kunye nabantwana.