Acid - ntoni na Ufuna? acid ekudleni. Ukusabela neempawu asidi acid

eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo: ngokwendalo amaqela amabini kwezinto, zikhona. Le yokugqibela ziquka iikhompawundi ezifana hydrocarbon, alkynes, alkenes, alkoholi, lipids, kunye nezinye ii-asidi acid, iiprotheni, iikhabhohayidrethi, acid. Ziziphi ezi zinto, siya kufikelela kweli nqaku. Ukubunjwa bonke oganikhi khompawundi ngokuyimfuneko iquka atom yekharboni kunye hydrogen. Kwakhona ibe ioksijini, isalfure, nitrogen kunye nezinye izinto. Isayensi lifunda iiproteni, ii-asidi, oxides, acid - Chemistry. Uqwalasela iimpawu kunye neempawu iqela ngalinye izinto.

acid - Ziziphi ezi izinto?

Zibalulekile kakhulu ukuba umzimba waso nasiphi eziphilileyo emhlabeni, njengokuba bayinxalenye izinto ezibalulekileyo - iiprothini. Xa iyonke kukho ezingamashumi amabini ananye acid acid akhiwa ngayo ezi zinto. Ukubunjwa iquka athom ngamnye hydrogen, nitrogen, yekhabhoni oxygenation. Ubume imichiza kwezi zinto inophawu acid NH2, ukusuka apho uza igama.

Indlela proteins akhiwa acid?

Ezi izinto eziphilayo uzikise ngamanyathelo amane, ubume babo iqulathe izakhiwo lokuqala, elesibini, emfundo ephakamileyo kunye koqeqesho. Ukususela ngamnye kubo zixhomekeke kwiimpawu ezithile kwiproteni. Primary kugqiba inani kunye umyalelo yokuhlala asidi acid, ibekwe kwikhonkco polypeptide. Okwesibini i Alpha-kweleli okanye beta-isakhiwo. Kuqala ngenxa linegunya chain polypeptide kunye kukuvela imixokelelwane hydrogen phakathi kwawo. Le yokugqibela - ngenxa ubudlelwane ukwenzeka phakathi amaqela athom imixokelelwane polypeptide ezahlukeneyo. isakhiwo ephakamileyo - into amaqhina oqhagamshelwano alpha-kweleli beta-isakhiwo. Kusenokuba iifom ezimbini: fibrillar kunye globular. Eyokuqala i ngomsonto elide. Iiproteni kunye nesakhiwo ezinjalo fibrin, myosin efumaneka esiqwini kwezihlunu, kwakunye nabanye. Eyesibini unalo ngokohlobo coil, a iiproteni globular ziquka, umzekelo, insulin, ihemoglobin kunye nabanye abaninzi. Xa umzimba izidalwa eziphilayo ukuba Yindibanisela iiproteni ukusuka asidi acid bahambelana nalaa mabinzana organelles iseli ezikhethekileyo - ribosomes. Ulwazi malunga iiproteni ekufuneka yenziwe, ukuyifunda DNA kunye kudluliselwa ribosomes yi RNA.

Yintoni acid?

Zithako leyo akhiwa iiproteni, yonke indalo engamashumi amabini ananye. Ezinye zazo bayakwazi nokulungelelanisa umzimba womntu ngexesha ukutya (ukutya), ngelixa abanye - akukho. Ngokubanzi, kwindalo kukho acid: histidine, valine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, cysteine, tyrosine, arginine, alanine, glutamine, asparagine, glycine, proline, carnitine, ornithine, taurine, serine. I ezisithoba zokuqala acid ezidweliswe ngasentla ufunwayo. Kukho kwakhona uslovnonezamenimye - abo umzimba angasebenzisa endaweni kubalulekile kwiimeko kakhulu. Oku, umzekelo, tyrosine, kunye cysteine. Owokuqala zingasetyenziswa endaweni phenylalanine, kwaye eyesibini - ukuba methionine. asidi Essential acid ekutyeni - kuyimfuneko yokutya okunempilo.

Yintoni ukutya ntoni ezikuyo?

• Valine - inyama, intlanzi.
• Histidine - ipapa buckwheat, okuziinkozo, intlanzi ebomvu, inyama yehagu, neenkuku.
• Isoleucine - amaqanda, inyama, intlanzi, ubisi, itshizi, cottage samasi.
• Leucine - iyafana naleyo isoleucine.
• Methionine - ukutya okuziinkozo, peanuts, walnuts, ngamandongo-, iinkozo.
• Threonine - inyama, okuziinkozo, amakhowa.
• Tryptophan - turkey, umvundla, inyama yehagu, mackerel.
• Phenylalanine - inyama, iimbotyi, iertyisi, neentlumaya, soy, intlanzi, itshizi, ubisi, itshizi.

Zonke ezinye acid kwi zokutya siyaphela ngabantu, kwaye ayikwazi kuqhutywa, ngenxa yokuba umzimba unako ukuvelisa babo, kodwa ke kungakuhle ukuba abanye babo beza kunye nokutya. Uninzi asidi kubalulekile acid ziqulethwe imveliso efanayo njengoko kubalulekile, oko kukuthi, inyama, intlanzi, ubisi - ukutya leyo esisityebi ngakwicala leeprothini.

Indima acid acid nganye emzimbeni womntu

Nganye kwezi zinto ezisebenza umsebenzi ethile apha emzimbeni. Acid abaluleke kakhulu ngenxa ngokupheleleyo ebomini kubalulekile, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba usebenzise iimveliso enesiqulatho yabo inani elaneleyo. Ekubeni kwiibloko zokwakha ezingundoqo umzimba wethu iproteni, kunokuthiwa ukuba izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu yaye ezifunekayo acid. Zeziphi kubalulekile, ngoku siza kukuxelela. Njengokuba kubhaliwe ngasentla, eli qela le asidi acid zezi histidine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan. Nganye kwezi khompawundi chemical idlala indima ethile emzimbeni. Umzekelo, valine efunekayo ekukhuleni eyiyo, ngoko kutya aphezulu nokuqulethileyo kufuneka iqulathwe ngemithamo ezaneleyo nokutya kwabantwana, abafikisayo kunye neembaleki abafuna ukwandisa uyondelelwano lwee- mass kwezihlunu. Histidine kwakhona izalisekisa indima ebalulekileyo - ukubandakanyeka kwinkqubo esiqwini ngokutsha, inxalenye haemoglobin (nto leyo esisizathu sokuba umxholo yakhe ephantsi egazini Kucetyiswa ukuba anyuse imali buckwheat osetyenzisiweyo). Leucine kuyimfuneko ukuze umzimba nokulungelelanisa iiproteni, kwakunye ukugcina umsebenzi amajoni omzimba ukuya kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo. Lysine - ngaphandle kweziyobisi emzimbeni nje akayi ukufunxa calcium, ngoko awunaku kwazi ukuvumela ukungabikho kwalo acid acid - ukubandakanya kwi ezityiwa iintlanzi ngakumbi, itshizi kunye nezinye iimveliso zobisi. Tryptophan ukuze vitamin B, kwakunye hormone elawula ukulamba lwesenzi. Le into iqukiwe sisincoko ekukhuthazeni ukuzola ukuphelisa ugwayi. Phenylalanine isetyenziswa yi ngumzimba ukuvelisa iihomoni ezifana iadrenaline kunye tyrosine. Le nto nayo kuba yinxalenye amalungiselelo zonyango eyabelwe ukuphuthelwa okanye uxinezeleko.

acid ngokoMthetho chemistry

Sele ukwazi ukuba amacandelo iiprothini zingangeni kubalulekile ukuba abantu - yinto asidi acid. Ntoni na ezi zinto, siye sele ngazo, ngoku siqhubela phambili kwiipropati yemizimba yethu.

Iimpawu chemical asidi acid

Ngamnye zazo isuntswana ubuntu, nangona ngazo. Ukususela nokwakhiwa acid inokuba nomahluko yaye zibandakanya izinto ezahlukeneyo amachiza, kwaye iimpawu zahluke kancinane. Common zonke izinto lesiphumo iqela ukukwazi ngamafuphi ukwakha peptides. Kwakhona acid nga zisenokuxabana oxide acid, ngaloo ndlela bakha acid hydroxy, amanzi kunye nitrogen. Ukongezelela, idibene ne-alkoholi. Oku kwenza ityuwa zehydrochloric le Ester kunye namanzi. Kule asabela kufuna ubukho njengomkhawulezisi of zehydrochloric acid kwizikolo zikarhulumente sukube lamntu.

Indlela zivela?

Kukho ekhethekileyo ukufumanisa ubukho ezi zinto reactions ubunjani ye asidi acid. Umzekelo, ukuba ukubhaqa cysteine, kufuneka ukuba ukongeza yokukhokela acetate, kwaye sebenzisa ubushushu kunye nokusingqongileyo obrak. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka abunjwe ngayo sulphide ekhokelayo, leyo ngokwemvula omnyama. Kwakhona inani acid kwi isisombululo nga kumiselwa ngokongeza igaya acid. Funda le akhululwa umthamo nitrogen.