Abasetyhini abadumileyo ababalwayo

Imfazwe Enkulu yePatriotic, ebudeni bembali yoluntu yaba ligazi kwaye lahlala iminyaka engama-4, yabonakala entliziyweni yentlekele enyantya, eyathatha ubomi bezigidi zabantu.

Abantu beepeni: inyaniso ngemfazwe

Nangona ikhefu lokukhula phakathi kweziganeko ezikude, inzala kwimfazwe iyaqhubeka ikhula; Isizukulwana samanje asihlali sichasene nesibindi nesibindi samajoni aseSoviet. Inendima enkulu ekuchazeni imimangaliso yeminyaka yemfazwe yadlaliswa ngamazwi wabalobi kunye neebongozi, ezichanekileyo, ezakhayo, ezikhokelelayo nezikhuthazayo. Babengabo-ababhali kunye neengqungquthela zomhlaba, bechitha ubutsha babo kwimfazwe, baziswa kwisizukulwana samanje imbali yabantu kunye nezenzo zabantu, apho ubomi babesoloko bexhomekeke khona. Abalobi bexesha leemfazwe eligacekileyo bachaza ngokwenyaniso imimoya ephambi, inkohlakalo yokugandagula, ubukhulu beemkhankaso nobomi emva, ubungqina obuqinileyo bamajoni, ubuqhawe obuqhekezayo, ukukhwabanisa nokukhwabanisa ngokukodwa kwimisebenzi yabo.

Isizukulwana sokudala esizalwe yimfazwe

Abalobi be-front-line bahluke ngokuhlukileyo abantu abanobuqhawe abaye babhekana nobunzima bemikhosi yempi kunye nasemva kwemfazwe. Abanye babo bafa ngaphambili, abanye bahlala ixesha elide baze bafa, njengoko besithi, kungekhona ekuguga, kodwa kwimiva yamandulo.

Ngowe-1924 kwaphawulwa ngokuzalwa kwesizwe sonke esaziwayo kwilizwe lonke: uBoris Vasiliev, uViktor Astafyev, uYulia Drunina, uBulat Okudzhava, uVasil Bykov. La majoni asemabhalweni angaphambili, abo uluhlu olungaphelelanga, luhlangene nemfazwe ngexesha elikuphela kweminyaka eli-17 ubudala.

UBoris Vasiliev uyindoda engavamile

Phantse onke amakhwenkwe namantombazana e-1920 awazange aphunyuke kwixesha elimfazwe. Kuphela ama-3% asinda, apho uBuris Vassiliev yayimmangaliso. Unokufa ngomnyaka wama-34 ukusuka kwi-typhus, kwi-41-m kwimimandla, kwindawo engama-43-m - ukususela kwam. Ngaphambili, le nkwenkwe yashiya njengesivolontiya, idlula iinqwelo zokulwa namahhashi kunye nezixhobo zokupaka izibhamu, zalwa kwi-regiment air, zafundiswa kwi-Military Academy. Kwiminyaka emva kwemfazwe asebenze kwii-Urals njengolu vavanyo lweenqwelo kunye nevili. Wayefudumala kwi-rank of captain-engine in 1954; Isizathu sokuvuselela imfuno ngumnqweno wokubandakanya umsebenzi wokubhala.

Umlobi unikezele umxholo wempi kwimisebenzi enjengokuthi "Izintlu azizange zivele", "Ngomso kwakuyimfazwe", "Umkhosi wezilwanyana", "Musa ukudubula i-swans emhlophe." I-Famous Boris Vasiliev yaba emva kokushicilelwa ngo-1969 kwimbali ethi "Ukuqhaqhapha Aphaphakile ...", eyenziwa ngo-1971 kwinqanaba leTaganka Theatre nguYuri Lyubimov kwaye yahlolwa nguStanislav Rostotsky ngo-1972. Ngokutsho kweempendulo zombhali, malunga ne-20 iifilimu zadutshulwa, phakathi kwazo "amaGosa", "Kusasa imfazwe", "Aty-baht, amasosha ahamba ...".

Amajoni angabhalwa ngababhali: i-biography kaViktor Astafyev

UViktor Astafyev, njengabalobi abaninzi bephambili beMfazwe yePatriotic War, emsebenzini wakhe wabonisa imfazwe njengentlungu enkulu, ebonwa ngamehlo elula - indoda eyisiseko somkhosi wonke; Nguye ofumana isohlwayo ngobuninzi, kwaye umvuzo uphahla. Lo mbutho, isigidi-autobiograal umfanekiso wesalathisi sangaphambili ohlala phantsi kunye nabahlobo bakhe kwaye uqeqeshwa ngokungabikho ukuba abukeke ukufa kwiso, u-Astafyev wayezibhalele yena kunye nabahlobo bakhe bokuqala, abachasene nabasindayo-abenzi bezinto zokuhamba, abaye bahlala kwindawo engabonakaliyo ngaphambili. IMfazwe. Kwaye kubo, njengabo bonke ababhali beembongi kunye nabalobi bephambi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi Yesibili, babenomdla kakhulu.

Umlobi wezinto ezinjengobugcisa obunjenge-"Tsar Fish", "Wonakaliswe kwaye wabulawa", "Ukuqubuda kokugqibela" ngokunyanzeliswa kwakhe kwintshona kwi-West kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwe-chauvinism, apho abagxeki babonayo kwimisebenzi yakhe, baphoswe ngenceba yeso sizwe, Ngubani olwa, kwaye wathumela ukuba afele kwidolophana yakhe. Le nto yayiyinto enzima uViktor Astafiev kwafuneka ayihlawule - indoda engazange ibhale phantsi, ngenxa yomnqweno wokuthetha inyaniso, inomsindo kwaye ibuhlungu. Inyaniso malunga namajoni angaphambili abalobi be-Great Patriotic War awazange ahlale ethule kwimisebenzi yabo; Bathi abantu baseRashiya, abangazange bazuze kuphela, kodwa balahlekelwa kakhulu phakathi kwabo, baxakeke ngempembelelo yeSoviet system kunye nemikhosi yabo yangaphakathi ngexesha elifanayo ne-fascism.

Bulat Okudzhava: ezilikhulu ukutshona kwelanga kwaxhamla ...

Iindinyana kunye neengoma zeBulat Okudzhava ("Umthandazo", "Ubusuku obubusuku beTrolley", "I-Drummer Drummer", "Iingoma zamaBhoti"), ilizwe lonke liyazi; Ibali lakhe "Yiba Nempilweni, Umntwana Wesikolo", "Usuku kunye noBonaparte", "Uhambo lwee-Amateurs" luseminye imisebenzi emihle kakhulu yabalobi baseRashiya ababhali. Iifilimu eziziwayo - "Zhenya, Zhenechka kunye noKatyusha", "Ukunyaniseka", wayengumgcini we-screenwriter, wayebukele ngaphezu kwesizukulwana esinye, kunye nesiqhelo esithi "iSitishi seSitimela saseBelorussky", apho wayengumbhali weengoma. I-repertoire yomlobi odumileyo kunye nomculi unengoma engama-200, ngalinye lizaliswe yimbali yalo. I-Bulat Okudzhava, njengabanye abasetyhini abango-front-line (ifoto ibonakala ngasentla) yayingumqondiso oqaqambileyo wexesha lakhe; Amakhonsathi akhe ayethengiswa ngaso sonke isikhathi, nangona kungabikho kweefowuni malunga nemisebenzi yakhe. Abaphulaphuli babelana ngokuvakaliswa kwabo kwaye bazisa abahlobo kunye nabo. Ilizwe lonke lihlabelele ingoma ethi "Sidinga ukunqoba omnye" kwifilimu "Isikhululo sesitimela saseBelarusian".

Ngeemfazwe, uBulat wadibana eneminyaka elilishumi elinesibhozo, washiya ibanga lesithoba ukuya phambili njengesivolontiya. Isolditary yangasese, umdaka, owalwela ngokubanzi kwi-Front Caucasian Front, walimala kwinqwelo yeentshaba, kwaye emva kokunyanga kwakhe wangena kwiinqwelo ezikhuselekileyo zoMyalelo oPhezulu. Njengoko uBulat Okudzhava uthe (kunye nabalingani bakhe, ababhali bephambili bavumelana naye), bonke abantu babesaba imfazwe, nabo babecinga ukuba banesibindi kunabanye.

Imfazwe ngamehlo kaVasil Bykov

Ukuza kwintsapho yaseBelarusian, uVasil Bykov waya phambili ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-18 waza walwa noNqoba, ehamba amazwe anjengeRomania, eHungary, e-Austria. Ndandilimala kabini; Emva kokufudumala kwakhe wayehlala eBelorussia, kwisixeko saseGrodno. Umxholo oyintloko wemisebenzi yakhe yayingeyona imfazwe ngokwazo (iincwadi-mlando, kungekhona abasizi be-front-row soldiers should write about it), kodwa iimeko zomoya womntu ezibonakaliswe kwiimeko ezinzima. Umntu kufuneka ahlale esindoda aze aphile ngokuvumelana nesazela, kuphela kulo mzekelo uhlanga lwesintu lunokuphila. Iziganeko ze-Bykov ziba ngumcimbi wokumangalelwa ngabantu baseSoviet ngokugxeka umbuso waseSoviet. Kwimaphephandaba, kukho ukuhlukunyezwa ngokubanzi, ukunyanzeliswa kwemveliso yemisebenzi yakhe, ukuthintela kwawo. Ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa okunjalo kunye nokuhlaselwa okubukhali kwimpilo, umbhali waphoqeleka ukuba ahambe ezweni lakubo aze aphile ixesha elithile kwiCzech Republic (ilizwe labavelwano), ngoko eFinland nakwi-FRG.

Imisebenzi edumileyo yombhali: "Ukufa komntu", "I-Crane shout", "I-alpine ballad", "iBridge bridge", "Abafileyo ababuhlungu." Njengoko uKchingiz Aitmatov uthe, i-Bykov igcinwe ngokusisigxina ngokunyaniseka nokunyanisekileyo kwenzelwe isizukulwana sonke. Eminye yemisebenzi yahlolwa: "Phuma kude kube yintsasa", "I-Third Rocket".

Amajoni angabhalwa ngabalobi: malunga nomgca wevesi lemfazwe

Ngaphambili, intombi enetalente uJulia Drunina, njengabalobi abaninzi bephambili, bazinikela ngokuzithandela. Ngomnyaka we-1943, wathola isilonda esibi, ngenxa yokuba wayebonakala njengalokhu ekhubazekile kwaye ehlaziyileyo. Emva koko kubuya phambili, uJulia walwa e-Baltic naseSpkov. Ngomnyaka we-1944, waphinde waqhathaniswa waza wafunyanwa engafanelekanga ngenkonzo. Ngombhoso we-rank of foreman, uMyalelo weNkwenkwezi ebomvu kunye nengcamango "Yenkalipho", uJulia emva kwemfazwe yashicilela iqoqo leenkondlo "Kwinqwaba lejoni", elizinikezelwe kwangaphambili. Wamukelwa kwi-Union of Writers 'Union kwaye wabhaliswa ngokusisigxina kwiinqanaba leebhosi-ngaphambili, ngokubhekiselele kwisizukulwana somkhosi.

Ngokubambisana nokudalwa kunye nokukhululwa kwale ngqokelela njenge "Ukukhathazeka", "Usu kufuphi", "Umhlobo wam", "Izwe-Ulutsha", "Inkwenkwezi Yenkwenkwezi", uJulia Drunina wayebandakanyeke ngokunyanisekileyo emsebenzini wokubhala noluntu, wanikezelwa ngamabhaso ahloniphekileyo, ngaphezu kwesinye Wanyulwe ilungu leebhodi zokuhlela zamaphephandaba kunye namaphephancwadi, umbhali webhodi yabanyano ababhali bezohlukeneyo. Nangona ihlonipho kunye nokuhlonishwa kwendalo yonke, uJulia waziphelela izibongo, echaza kwiindinyana indima yabafazi emfazweni, isibindi sakhe kunye nokunyamezela, kunye nokungahambelani kwamabhinqa anika ubomi ngokubulala nokutshabalalisa.

U-Yuri Bondarev: isithuba somntu

Amajoni ombhali-phambili kunye nemisebenzi yabo yenze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, ezenza inyaniso inyaniso yeemeko zeminyaka yemfazwe. Mhlawumbi, esinye sezihlobo zethu kunye neentsapho zalwa nazo kunye kunye kwaye zaba ngumboniso wamabali okanye amabali.

Ngo-1941, u-Yuri Bondarev - umbhali wexesha elizayo-kunye neontanga zakhe bathatha inxaxheba ekwakheni iinqaba zokuzikhusela; Emva kokuphela kwesikolo sokuzalwa esasilwa eStalingrad njengomlawuli wamanani obumba. Emva koko, ingqungquthela, i-frostbite elula kunye nesilonda emva, engazange ibe yithintelo ekubuyiseleni phambili, inxaxheba kwinkululeko yaseKiev, yahamba indlela eya ePoland naseCzechoslovakia. Emva kokufudumala, u-Yuri Bondarev wangena kwi- Literary Institute . Gorky, apho kwenzeka ukuba abe seminar yokudala phantsi kobunkokheli beConstantin Paustovsky, owafundisa umlobi wesikhathi esizayo uthando lomsebenzi obhaliweyo wokubhala kunye nokukwazi ukuthetha lakhe. Ubomi bakhe bonke, u-Yuri wakhumbula ukuvumba kwamatye anqabileyo, okunzima kunye kunye nokuqhumisa kwiphalaji yejoni, kushushu kubanda kwi-stealing yaseStalingrad, iqhwa elibandayo lamanqabunga aphekiweyo, isithwathwa esasivezwa ngeemittens, i-powder fell of shot cartrid cases kunye nokusalalisa kwesibhakabhaka ebusuku. Ubuchule bokubhala abalobi bephambili buboniswe ngobuninzi bomanyano womntu kunye nomhlaba wonke, ukungaxhasi kwakhe kwaye ngexesha elifanayo amandla angenakunqwenelekayo kunye nokunyaniseka, okwandayo ngekhulu ngaphambi kwengozi eyingozi.

Udumo olubanzi kuYuri Bondarev waletha ibali elithi "The Last Salvos" kunye "namaBattalion acele umlilo," ecacisa ngokuqinisekileyo imfazwe. Umxholo weempendulo zikaStalin wawuguqulwe umsebenzi othi "Ukuthula", owamkelwa kakhulu ngabagxeki. Kwimbali eyaziwa kakhulu "I-Snow Snow" umxholo weqhawe labantu baseSoviet laphakanyiswa ngokukhawuleza ngexesha leemvavanyo ezinzima kakhulu; Umlobi wachaza iintsuku zokugqibela zeMfazwe yaseStalingrad kunye nabantu abaza ukukhusela ilizwe labo kunye neentsapho zabo kubahlaseli be-fascist. Umgca obomvu u-Stalingrad kuyo yonke imisebenzi yomlobi wangaphambili njengomqondiso wesigxina nesigorha. UBondarev akazange agqithise imfazwe kwaye wabonisa "abantu abancinci" abenza umsebenzi wabo: balwela uMama.

Kwimfazwe, u-Yuri Bondarev ekugqibeleni waqonda ukuba umntu akazalwanga ngenxa yenzondo, kodwa ngenxa yothando. Kwakusemgangathweni yeemeko zangaphambili apho imithetho ye-crystal ecacileyo yothando kuMlandia, ukunyaniseka nokuhlonipha kwangena kwimibuzo yomlobi. Emva koko, yonke into ihamba ngeemfazwe, okuhle nokubi kubonakala, kwaye wonke umntu wenza ukhetho lwakhe. Ngokwe-Yuri Bondarev, ubomi bunikwe umntu ngomsebenzi othize, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba angabi nkunkuma, kodwa ukufundisa umphefumlo wakhe, ukulwa nokuphila kwamahhala kunye ngenxa yobulungisa.

Iimvanoveli kunye neencwadana zomlobi ziguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezingaphezu kwe-70, kwaye ngaphezu kwexesha ukususela ngo-1958 ukuya ku-1980 ngaphandle kwamazwe angaphezu kwe-130 esebenza nguYuri Bondarev, kwaye imifanekiso abayitshiyayo (i-Snow Snow, i-Bereg, Ibhattali icela Umlilo) Babheka abaphulaphuli abaninzi.

Umsebenzi wombhali uphawulwe ngamabhaso amaninzi karhulumente kunye noluntu, kubandakanya okubaluleke kakhulu-ukubonakaliswa kwehlabathi kunye nothando lomfundi.

"Umhlaba woMhlaba" kaGrigory Baklanov

UGrigory Baklanov ngumlobi wemi sebenzi enjengokuthi "ngoJulayi wonyaka wama-41", "Kwakukho inyanga ngoMeyi ...", "Umhlaba weMhlaba", "Abahlobo", "Andizange ndibulewe imfazwe". Kwimfazwe wayesebenza kwinqanaba lokulwa neenqwelo zokulwa, wabuyalela ibhetri kwizinga legosa kwaye walwa eMzantsi-Western Front kwaphela ekupheleni kwemfazwe, echaza njengokulwa naye emacaleni emphambili, kunye neendlela eziyimphambili. Izizathu zokutshatyalaliswa okunzima kwinqanaba lokuqala lemfazwe iBabloanov ichaza ukunyanzeliswa kobunzima, umoya wokubakholelwa kunye noloyiko oluqhelekileyo, obesemandleni ngexesha langaphambi kwemfazwe. Imfuneko yokuba isizukulwana esincinciweyo semfazwe, intengo enkulu kakhulu yenkqubela, yayiyindaba "ngonaphakade - i-Nineteen". Kwiimisebenzi ezinikezelwe ngexesha loxolo, uBakanov ubuyela kwixesha elide lamasosha aye waqhelana neenkqubo ezingenabubele. Oku kuboniswa ngokucacileyo kwimbali ethi "Karpukhin", apho ubomi beqhawe lomsebenzi beqhekeza ukungcola kwelizwe. Ngokutsho kweempendulo zombhali, iifrimu 8 zadutshulwa; Ingqungquthela engcono yekrini - "Kwakukho ngenyanga ngoMeyi ...".

Uncwadi lwabalandeli kubantwana

Amajoni-abhali be-front-line yabantwana benza inxaxheba ebalulekileyo kwiincwadi, ukubhala kwabaselula bayasebenza malunga neontanga zabo - njengokuba kunjalo, amakhwenkwe namantombazana ahlala ebudeni bexesha lokulwa.

Uluhlu lweencwadi ezinconywayo ezincinane malunga nemfazwe:

• A. Mityaev "Isithandathu asigqibekanga".
• A. Ochkin "Ivan - I, Fedorov - siyi".
• S. Alekseev "Ukusuka eMoscow ukuya eBerlin".
• UL. Kassil "Abakhuseli bakho."
• A. Gaidar "Isiqhamo seTimur".
• V. Kataev "Unyana weRegiment."
• UL. Nikolskaya "Kumelwe aphile".

Amajoni angabhalwa ngabalobi, abaluhlu oluphezulu lungaphelelanga, baxelele inyaniso eyoyikisayo yemfazwe, iinjongo ezibuhlungu zabantu kunye nenkalipho nobuqhawe obuboniswa ngabo, kufumaneka kwaye ziqondakala kubantwana. Le mi sebenzi ifundisa umoya wokuthanda ubutyebi kunye nothando kuMama waseMotherland, bafundise ukuxabisa izalamane kunye neentsapho, ukuxabisa uxolo kwihlabathi lethu.