Abantu ukuloba e Central Russia. yezandla Russian

kudala abantu Russian izimiso amakhaya abo kunye yezandla ezahlukeneyo izinto ekhaya. Masters wenza iimveliso zabo amaxesha amaninzi nje ubuhle, zonke izinto kuba injongo yabo practical. Ezenziwe ngezinto zendalo - iinkuni, udongwe namatye - wenza imisebenzi yobugcisa. Izakhono, iindlela zemveliso kunye nobuchule efihlakeleyo nasinikela. Kweli nqaku uza kufunda njani urhwebo abantu Central iRussia kakhulu zithandwa.

abantu banike njani?

yezandla ezahlukeneyo yaqala ukuvela kwi 15-16 kwiinkulungwane th. Eli xesha unxulunyaniswa ngokuzalwa lobuciko. Thile kamva, ngenkulungwane ye-17, iingcibi waqala ukudala yezandla ezikhethekileyo ayithengiswa. nemizana yonke kunye zokuhlala babesebenza ukuveliswa kwemveliso intsomi unokwakhela.

Kutheni urhwebo abantu Central eRashiya waqala ukuphuhlisa? Isizathu ilula - ukubanda kunye nendlala. Ngexesha lasebusika elide abandayo, abantu kwakufuneka into ukondla iintsapho zabo. Imihlaba Poor akazange azise imali eyaneleyo lokuvuna, ubomi akwanelanga, ngoko umninindlu ukuba bathengise imveliso yabo, yaye kwakukho ngemali. Kakade ubugcisa Russian nobugcisa wesuka apho kukho imali eyaneleyo lwezibonelelo zendalo. yezandla zomthi ezenziwe kwiindawo ezinamahlathi apho imihlaba ezilulwalwa kweyisa iimveliso amatye ngokubanzi, njalo njalo. D. Njengoko usazi, imfuno idala uncedwa, nokuphuhlisa lokuloba yesizwe apho kuyimfuneko.

ubugcisa Folk and nobugcisa baqalisa ukuba kuvela kancinane kamva - phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-19. Ngaloo mihla, kwakukho ngomsonto yegolide ezimfakamfele, ukupeyinta nentsimbi processing odumileyo. A nefuthe elikhulu imbonakalo yobugcisa waba ibandla, kwaye isikolo yasekuhlaleni ukupeyinta icon. Bayithatha ngaphandle odolo oyimfakamfele ukuya yoonongendi kunye neecawa.

Abantu ukuloba e Central Russia

Lo msebenzi Russian laziwa kuphela kwilizwe lethu, abantu wezandla iye yazuza udumo ehlabathini lonke. Unalungelo iimveliso ezenziwe inokuba intetho elide kakhulu malunga ezona ziphambili:

• Gzhel.
• Dymkovo toy.
• Khokhloma.
• Palekh.
• Rostov lwawo.
• Vologodskoe umtya et al.

Dymkovo toy

eminyaka eyadlulayo, phezu lomlanjana Vyatka kwasekwa isixeko umbutho apho zokuhlala zokuhlala. Ntsasa nganye lendawo kusincede sifeze eziko, yaye ngenxa yokuqhubekeka okuvusa umsi wabiza yokuhlala - Dymkovo zokuhlala.

wahlala khona iinkosi zodongwe. Ukusuka ngodongwe benza izitya, kunye nemibhobho ukuba kamva iqina eziko. Amakhwelo kwenziwa ikakhulu ngohlobo yezilwanyana. Kodwa kwenziwa kuphela zisenzelwa ukonwabisa abantwana. abantu Vyatsky phantsi impempe kwemibhobho wadibana uthixo kwelanga - Jari. Dymkovo toy - eyaziwa kakhulu iintsomi nezigcaliselo Central Russia. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ikhangeleka njani. Le udongwe mfazi Russian ngendlela elide ngesondo-intsimbi kunye ifaskoti eqaqambileyo namashiya abamnyama. ilokhwe entle ayiqabe iipatheni ezahlukeneyo. Umthetho eziphambili - kufuneka ibe ziqaqambile kwaye inemibalabala.

Gzhel

ubugcisa Folk and nobugcisa Kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso ngaphandle Gzhel. Ngaphambili, ababethwala igama kwilali ibekwe kweekhilomitha ezingama-50 ukusuka eMoscow. Bahlala apho baziinkosi zabo, nto leyo waqala ukudala porcelain wobugcisa kakhulu. Baye zipeyintwe ayibe. Kamva wabonakala izitya polufayansovaya. Masters waqokelela amakhulu imifanekiso ezahlukeneyo, ngoku iisampulu ezininzi zigcinwa kwi Hermitage. kudala Gzhel abantu ngemoto izitya eyintsalela kwiimarike weMoscow, iinkosi ngokufuthi zipeyintwe kotile ku-odola. Namhlanje kunzima kakhulu ukucinga ngaphandle intsomi yobugcisa iimveliso Gzhel.

Palekh

Uphuhliso yezandla kuthatha imbali yayo eminyaka 13-14th. Ngeli xesha, kwaye Bakha iziko mihla inkcubeko Russian - kwilali Palekh. Ke ngeyabo Prince paletzkiana, emva kokuba umnini walo Ivan Buturlin. Le lali wadalwa inani elikhulu koomasifundisane iconography. Kwinkulungwane yama-20 kwilali weengcibi ukwenza iibrhowutshi ukupeyinta, ukuze zibulale iibhokisi, amatyala isigarethi, njengencwadana yokuthatha kunye bisernits. Iibhokisi palehovskie eyaziwa namaqanda eIsta yaziwe ngabantu abaninzi. Kamva, kuloo lali baqalisa ukuya kuvela Palekh ezincinane ngesithambiso esimnyama papier-ezenziwe ngayo.

Khokhloma

Khokhloma wobugcisa wabonakala eRashiya kwi iVolga emahlathini Uzola River ukuya River. Akubunjwanga ilali - seminoma, intlala, kunye Novopokrovskiy Kuligin. Zivela khona apho hohloma. Ngelishwa, bezandla edge wasinda ku amaxesha zethu ngokupheleleyo. Siyazazi umsebenzi iinkosi kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-19, nangona kuvunyiwe ukuba buphuma kule nzuzo ababandakanyekayo, yaye ngenkulungwane ye-17.

Khokhloma yahlukile kwezinye njengobuchule imizobo ekhethekileyo. A isici esasenza - ukusetyenziswa inki emnyama cinnabar kwisiqalo yegolide. Ukuze ukudambisa izitya inkosi bawuqhole ngumgubo nebhekile, waza wamisa umaleko ivanishi neoli obekwe kwi-oveni. Ngenxa nakwioli yokomisa lobushushu eliphezulu baba tyheli, wabonakala igolide nenkcenkce. Masters bebethambisa iipatheni ipateni ibhrashi ngesandla. iiseti eninzi zithathelwe ngononophelo. Namhlanje Khokhloma izitya kunokubonwa kwimiboniso eyahlukeneyo ngamazwe neempahla.

Pavlovsky Posad zokwaleka ezikrelekrele

Pavlovsky Posad yaziwe ngabantu abaninzi ngenxa yokufika nezikhafu bafaniswe kunye neengubo zokwaleka ezikrelekrele. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala inqaku ngolu hlobo iimpahla ngafakwa kwi Klyazma River kwidolophu Pavlov. Ngenxa yoko igama.

Maxa ngeendibano zasekuhlaleni, adla zicwangciswe izikwere esembindini, neengubo zokwaleka ezikrelekrele bafaniswe saa kwi-oo. Wena bathenge neebhandana ngeepateni ezahlukeneyo - iintyatyambo zasendle, roses, amaqoqo kunye namagqabi. Nezikhafu ukubizwa ngokuba zinoboya. Eli gama baqala ukubiza zokwaleka ezikrelekrele ngenxa yendlela isicelo ngayo ipateni ngelaphu - ngelaphu eprintiweyo. Inkosi ukubeka ilaphu ebhodini yabetha ukupeyinta eyayikrolwe ngcono. Hand-eprintiweyo technology ngelaphu akanayo yonke inkosi. nezikhafu Modern eyenziwe ngokusebenzisa oomatshini ezizodwa.

Rostov wayesebenzisa

Amaziko yezandla e Central Russia ziquka imizi ezaziwayo-kakuhle nemizana, Rostov - omnye wabo. Ngenkulungwane ye-18, wazalwa wezandla, efana lwawo. Kulo mfanekiso on metal enameled kunye ipeyinti ezikhethekileyo. Kumaxesha amandulo, inkosi beqabe ii icon. Ababingeleli babenxiba iimpahla kunye nezinto nokuhombisa of lwawo. ipleyiti Church ugqibele beqabe yesandla ipeyinti ezizodwa ezingatshiyo. Le peculiarity lesi sicelo bugcisa kukuba phambi zokudubula iipateni umbala usoloko umnye. Ngenxa ekufudumaleni iimveliso iziko aqalile ukudlala imibala eqaqambileyo.

Zhostovo

izithebe ipeyintwe ukusuka Zhostovo eziqhelekileyo kwabaninzi. Le lali ayikho kude ukusuka kwikomkhulu, kulapho ngabapeyinti zasekuhlaleni wadala imisebenzi enjalo ezobugcisa Zhostovo yetreyi yeKDE. Master endle lokuzoba kunye egadini iintyatyambo kwisiqalo black, amahashe ezintathu, kusekho ubomi kunye nabanye. Le itreyi yokuqala lalenziwe papier-ezenziwe ngayo.

Kwakhona ngabapeyinti evela Zhostovo epeyintwe iibhokisi ukupeyinta, iibhokisi isnuff kunye neebhokisi. Phakathi kwiminyaka yee-19 leminyaka baqalisa ukuvelisa neengcedevu otyhidiweyo, iimveliso ezenziwe papier-intlama sambathe backburner. Umsebenzi idumileyo yobuciko Zhostovo - Eli itreyi okweqanda, zizotywe lokubiyela. workshop nganye unxiba brand yayo imveliso, owosindiswa ngawo wena uyakwazi ukubona kumninindlu, ukuze wenze le ubuhle.

yezandla Modern Russian

yezandla Contemporary ngenkuthalo nokuphuhlisa. Namhlanje kwimiboniso neempahla, ungabona iintlobo zemveliso, wobugcisa kunye nemizobo. Imizila kwimizobo wanamhla zahlukile kakhulu, apha zezi:

• ngeso esebenzisa sezibane;
• kuqamba electronic;
• photo;
• flash lwathatha;
• imifanekiso kunye nofakelo, kunye nabanye.

Modern bawabiza craft kunzima ukuba igama nje, iingcibi abangatshatanga aneziphiwo bazinikezela ukuze oko benze kakuhle. Ukuba eminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, oko kwenzeka kuphela ukuzoba okanye sculpt zodongwe, kuyenzeka ngoku ukubonisa okuninzi. Kodwa ke, nangona oku, iziseko yokudweba nokupeyinta ufundwa imveliso antique original Russian. Izithethe abaculi Russian kwizixeko ezininzi, yaye siphile ngokuvisisana ngoku.

Xa ndiqukumbela, ndithanda ukuba sibala ulwalathiso lobuciko eseleyo, apho abachazwa kweli nqaku:

• painting Gorodets ;
• imisinga fedoksinskaya;
• Orenburg zokwaleka ezikrelekrele ezintofontofo;
• Vologda kunye ngentambo Yelets;
• matryoshka;
• karpogolskaya, Abashevskaya filimonskaya kunye zokudlala;
• afakwe;
• Kasli eyahlulayo.

Izithethe of mangaliso-abasebenzi bethu, ngabapeyinti, yaye amagcisa kuqhubeka bephila kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. Nangona ukukhula kobuchule, ubugcisa ezindala Russian nobugcisa eya ngokwanda. Wasinda ku amaxesha zethu imisebenzi yobugcisa kunokubonwa kwiimyuziyam kunye nemiboniso, ukuzama isandla sakhe kulo msebenzi nzima kunokuba kwizikolo zobugcisa kunye namaziko ophuhliso.