Hundertwasser House. Vienna ezinika umdla zotyelelo

EYurophu, kukho iindawo ezininzi umdla zitsala abakhenkethi efana umazibuthe wakhe. Enye yazo i Hundertwasser House (Vienna, Austria). Isendaweni kwi kwisitrato ofudumeleyo entliziyweni mzi, etsala abadlulayo-original lwezakhiwo, imibala eqaqambileyo kunye uqhushululu ngobunono. Esi sakhiwo kunjalo ime kuphuma abaseleyo nezindlu kwikomkhulu waseOstriya, ukuba uqaphele, udlule kuyo nje akunakwenzeka.

ingcaciso emfutshane

Hundertwasser House e Vienna, yakhiwa ngethuba 1983-1986. It is a isakhiwo yokuhlala multi-esinemigangatho, eziquka izindlu 52, i-ofisi 4, 16 Amathambeka zabucala eqhelekileyo 3. Isakhiwo singqongwe eluhlaza: ibekwe yayo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo phezu neengqameko eliseluphahleni waza watyala namatyholo ngaphezu kwama-250 kunye nemithi. Uyilelwe lomculi Austria kunye umyili Friedensreich Hundertwasser ngentsebenziswano kunye wezakhiwo Josef Cravinho. Abenzi bemeko- baye bazama ukwakha ikhaya ogqibeleleyo elizayo apho abantu baya kukwazi ukuphila phakathi iintlobo zendalo kunye ngemvisiswano epheleleyo nendalo.

isakhiwo nehlazo kuye kwabangela yachuma nanto abantu balapha, kunye nabo banqwenela ukuba ukufumana impahla kuso kwakukho yakuphuma. Kodwa uhlale ixesha elide kuloo ndlu, kufuphi nalapho amakhulu abakhenkethi (it aluvumelekanga ukungena kwisakhiwo ngokwayo) ziya zimxinile yonke imihla, amandla ukuba bonke, ngoko, owayekhe wahlala kulo isibini iminyaka, abantu bathengisa ezindlini zabo aze afudukele kwezinye iindawo, ukuzola. Nangona ahlale elikhulu, amaxabiso impahla endlwini Hundertwasser ophakamileyo, kuba yonke into kodwa kusekwangoko kakhulu abaninzi abafuna ukuhlala kulo.

Ubutsha buchopho

Phambi kokuba uqalise ukuqwalasela indlu Hundertwasser, kufuneka simazi kakuhle kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane umdali wayo, ngenxa yokufa kwale ndoda ifanelwe ingqalelo kungekho ngaphantsi kwe bakha isakhiwo. Friedrich Stowasser (umsindo kangaka ngoku igama wezakhiwo likaThixo) wazalelwa e Vienna umva ngo-1928. uyise wakhe Austria, kunye nomama wam - ungumYuda. Dad genius elizayo wafa ngoko nangoko emva kokuzalwa, unyana wakhe, ngoko ke unina womntwana wamvusa naye. In imi- 30 ukuya igunya eJamani weza amaNazi, yaye intshutshiso bamaYuda eYurophu. Ukuze uphephe oku, ngowe-1937, umama wagqiba ekubeni kubhaptiza Friedrich encinane isiko yamaKatolika.

I-Second World War owababhuqa kwiinkampu zoxinaniso zonke izalamane womzobi elizayo, kuquka unina wakhe. Yena ngokwakhe wakwazi ukubaleka. Ukufihla imvelaphi yakhe maYuda, wada wathwala ngenkonzo umbutho wolutsha lwamaNazi "Hitler Youth." Iminyaka ezimbi yemfazwe endiyibumbileyo uthando umfana ukuze ihlabathi nomnqweno ukuze siphile ngokuvisisana nendalo.

Ngowe-1948, lo mfana yaqala ukuya Vienna Academy of Arts Fine. Ukususela ngoko ubomi yakhe ibe linxibelelene kakhulu lo msebenzi. Stowasser uthatha igama isigaba Friedensreich Hundertwasser, kuqulethe amagama ambalwa kwaye ukuguqula agama iyalila "noxolo kwilizwe amakhulu amanzi." Phantsi eli gama waba waziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi.

Ukujonga Hundertwasser bokwakha

Umakhi wayeqinisekile ukuba bahlale ezindlwini engwevu buthuntu ibhokisi-ezifana luyingozi kakhulu zombini impilo ngokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni. abantu bahlale ofezekileyo, wacinga umngxuma ezininzi eziya lula, apho wenze okuninzi windows lokukhanya. Lilo elo iphupha ekhaya wazakhela xa wayehlala eNew Zealand. Kulo iindonga kunye nophahla kwasekwa induli, elithanda akhwela igusha imvubu ingca entsha. Hundertwasser wamthiya iimilo rhoqo zejiyometri kunye imigca ethe ngqo. Wayekholelwa ukuba indalo akukho ulingano, ngoko ukuba yinto bokwakha. izakhiwo zazo, nokuba ngaba isakhiwo yokuhlala multi-mibini okanye iziko ofisi, wadala ngaphandle engile elinye ilungelo. Zonke ngamacebo akhe imigca ezahlukeneyo egosogoso kunye ezahlukeneyo imibala, leyo ufezeke ngokuthi ukuhombisa iindonga kunye Imbasa bat ceramic. Le ndlela ukuba ukudala indlu umxhelo engaqhelekanga, ekwaziyo omnye kuphela ngohlobo lwayo ekukhuliseni isimo.

Lomhleli wayehamba kakhulu, kwaye ekupheleni kobomi wazinza New Zealand, apho ngo-2000 wafa. Washiya kakhulu kwizakhiwo isintu eyenzelwe, kodwa kwincopho ubuchule bakhe iNdlu Hundertwasser eVienna.

zokwakha

Ingcamango yokwakha isakhiwo engaqhelekanga weza kunye wezakhiwo ekupheleni-imi- 70 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Kangangexesha elide wasebenza kwiprojekthi ye indlu isixeko efanelekileyo. Hundvertvasser wayefuna izindlu akazange nje kakuhle ukuba loo mntu, kodwa wamvumela ukuba ukusondela kwindalo, nto leyo kwiimeko zobomi kwikomkhulu ningaswele kakhulu. Ngowe-1979, inkosi wakha imodeli yendlu iibhokisi zematshisi, yaye kamva ngonyaka isakhiwo ufifi ukuba sele ekugqibeleni kwasekwa. Ukwakhiwa yaqala ngo July 16, 1983, kwaqhubeka phantse 3 iminyaka. Kuyo xesha Hundertwasser wayekho ngokobuqu ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwendlu, wathabatha amasango kuye, ezenziwe zayimosaic amaziko, izitena namatye.

inkcazelo yangaphandle

Olungaphambili iye bajongana kakhulu zinaso. kwigumbi nganye kuyo siyahlukana abamelwane zayo ngokusebenzisa imibala eyahlukileyo imigca kujikwa. Umakhi wayeqinisekile ukuba izakhiwo eziphambili zezi imingxunyana window, apho igumbi ufumana kwelanga. Ngokuba inkosi yoyilo 13 iintlobo zazo ezahlukeneyo window, ezahluke ubukhulu, imilo kunye nombala iye yaphuhliswa. Ukunika bonke akafikanga yesakhelo ziye zaphuculwa ngakumbi zayimosaic tiles bat. isakhiwo zokuhlala Multi-ezinemigangatho laba njengengonyama elinombala Quilt, kodwa oku akuzange ayeke Hundertwasser. Wayeqiniseka ukuba zonke nabaqeshi zokuhlala ongengowale ndalo engaqhelekanga wafumana ilungelo lokuba bahombise lwefacade ngeenxa zonke iifestile zabo ngokwengqiqo yabo.

Imithi namatyholo

Umakhi iye ihlawulwe ingqalelo enkulu egadini ekhaya. imfundiso yakhe, apho umntu kowakha isakhiwo, eba uhlobo yinxalenye ilizwe layo. Ukuze ukubuyisela imali aphazamiseke, kuyimfuneko ukuba utyale imithi kunye neegadi ngokugcina ngokwalo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kule ndlu, imithi, amatyholo, iintyatyambo kunye utyani yonke; phezu kwezindlu, namathambeka, lalisiba balcony neendonga. Ezinye izilwanyana zobukumkani nokuba ukulawula ukukhula ngeefestile. Ngenxa ndlela yokuqala enjalo Hundertwasser waqonda ingcinga yakhe ezintsha malunga imithi-balimi. Ngokuhambelana kunye nale uhlaza nabaqeshi yokuhlawula irenti izindlu ukuba ndibanike, umoya opholileyo msulwa iigesi zeemoto kunye ujongo tsakisaka.

Columns, imifanekiso kunye amibala

Abakhenkethi owoyamaniswe ekubeni izakhiwo Austria kaThixo uphawuleka iifom ukuzibamba koomofu, bayothuka ukubona isakhiwo engaqhelekanga enjalo kwisitrato esixakekileyo eVienna. Kuba embi ngakumbi inika ekhethekileyo entanjeni: kobuhle indlu leyo ezihonjiswe enezintlu ezininzi zobungakanani ezahlukeneyo ezikhanyayo. Abazange ukunika kuphela inkxaso izakhiwo multi-mibini, kodwa kwenza kube khangela ofudumeleyo ngakumbi yothando. Efanayo injongo eqingqiweyo amatye ezininzi, ibekwe ke yayigcinwa yeendonga.

Le isongo ezizodwa unika isakhiwo zayimosaic, nto leyo ihonjiswe ezifana ngathi kunye zokuhlala igumbi. iipateni emibalabala zibekwe ukuba imizobo yokuqala, yaye nawuphi na umyalelo, ngaloo ndlela ekufezekiseni ifuthe ubulula bayancokola, kwaye uluvo lwabantu, ukuba izakhiwo akukho engile tye.

Ingakumbi imigangatho neendonga

Hundertwasser wazama ukulondoloza asymmetry endalo ngemvelo, hayi nje kuphela kweli imbonakalo yangaphandle esi sakhiwo, kodwa nezibilini zayo. Inkosi iingxaki ezithile unyawo ngabantu uvuke yokuba bahambe ezweni elisithabazi. Ukuze babe nabaqeshi kwakukho izikhalazo zempilo ezimbalwa, le ngqondi wadala endlwini imigangatho obungalinganiyo, umphezulu apho luvula kuwo onke amacala ngamaza mdaka. Walls e stairwells Hundertwasser kwakhona wadala ezitsolo yaye kubaxhobisa udaka, esivumela abantwana ukuba bazobe phezu kwabo.

Indlela ukufumana isakhiwo?

Ukuba ufuna ukufumana iNdlu Hundertwasser e Vienna kwimaphu, ngoko kufuneka ukhangele kwinkalo Landstrabe, ibekwe umbindi kwikomkhulu. Kwaba apha, ekuhlanganeni kweendlela Levengasse kunye Kegelgasse, kwaye ibekwe isakhiwo multi-elimbala ezizodwa. Esi sakhiwo luthandwa kwabakhokeli abakhenkethi. Esi sakhiwo siza rhoqo iibhasi abakhenkethi neendwendwe ukuba ukufota kwi imvelaphi Beje iintango zakhe multi-elimbala. Kuye lula ukufumana abahambi zabo indlela ngubani ngokuzimeleyo kuhlola lwalunjani eVienna. Inkcazelo yokufumana indlela endlwini, kukho onke amaphetshana kubakhenkethi.

Nawe unokuba zengqondo ezahlukeneyo kwi Hundertwasser House. Abanye abantu beze kuwo njenge mnandi, ngoxa abanye bekubona njengempambano noyisingela Ekse. Kodwa inye into icacile: indalo akekho umakhi kabani angazishiyi diki. Kwaye ukuze bafumane uluvo lwabo kulwakhiwo, kuyimfuneko ukuza eVienna ukubona ngamehlo.