Viaduct - ibhulorho loyilo ezizodwa

Njengoko sele kucaca kakuhle kwisihloko senqaku, lo viaduct - isakhiwo kwebhulorho. Luphawulwa leprojekthi kwezinye iintlobo ibhulorho kunye noyilo iinqaba ezinkulu yaye ubude enkulu kangaka. Amaninzi, ezo iinjineli Sicebisa ukuba kwakhiwe amaziko anjalo amanqaku kuhlangana kunye neendawo mgxobhozo, iintlambo emlanjeni, kwimiwonyo nemiwonyo. Xa kunjalo, ukuba kukho indawo ethile akufanelekanga ukuba ulwakhiwo manzi eziphakamileyo, kusenokwenzeka ulwakhiwo viaduct, leyo, nokuhamba zokusombulula iingxaki kule ndawo, ukongeza nayo ukhetho olusebenzayo ukusuka kwindawo kwezoqoqosho ngayo.

Viaduct: iimpawu ezikhethekileyo

Ngokoqobo viaduct - yi Latin for "indlela» (via) kunye "kusasa» (duco). Ngamanye amazwi, oku ibhulorho ekhethekileyo phambili ngento (ngokuququzelela intshukumo ngento) kunye nokuba inkxaso enkulu kakhulu. Noko ke, ukuba ibhulorho i zokwakha ezenziwe ebewenza ngaphesheya ichibi, umlambo okanye esinye isithintelo amanzi, i-viaduct - uyilo ukuba nithathele ingqalelo ngokusebenzisa gorge, a kwengxondorha lwaya okanye udonga. Phela, oku kwakhona nokudalwa oku kwahlukile ukuwalungisa, nto leyo ekudibaneni emendweni, imizila kaloliwe, njl D. Ukususela trestle ndinawo kwindoda enye, viaduct esibonakala umahluko zabo. Leyo inkulu ngokuqhelekileyo iwela ingxenye ephakeme yonke kwebhulorho. Ngaphezu koko, kulayishwa iqonga kukhetheka ukuba sakhiwe kumgangatho othe tyaba. Viaduct - ngokupheleleyo umlinganiselo kuvunyiwe yokwakha, xa umhlaba ngenxa yokuswela amandla awuvumeli ukuba kusetyenziswa ibhulorho esinye isakhiwo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, uyilo yayo ivumela ukuba kancane kubude kwindoda. Kokuba yakhiwa ngamatye, ngekhonkrithi, ufakelo lwesamente, metal. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le viaduct - ukuphuhla multi-besandla enhle kunokuba imiqadi eso sakhiwo. Imbali livela yokuqala yale kuyilo iya emva yamandulo nempumelelo uBukhosi baseRoma.

Edume kakhulu kwihlabathi

Ezi viaducts zezona idumileyo ehlabathini:

• Ukulungela ukusebenza bridge ngamatye.
• uloliwe Mokrinskiy, ibekwe kwi Chuvash Republic.
• Göltzsch Viaduct - i mde izitena yokwakha olu hlobo ehlabathini.
• viaduct Scottish, ekufuphi kwilali Glenfinnan.
• Viaduct phezu komlambo Syduhe (sayo of mde kwebhulorho yezithuthi ehlabathini ayikho ngaphantsi kwe 0,472 km).
• Millau Viaduct (inkxaso yayo ephezulu ngu 0.341 km).

Funda ngaphezulu malunga ezintsha

Millau Viaduct - Yindlela iingcingo ezihamab phantsi ukwakhiwa ibhulorho yokwakha, enqamleza ngomfula Tarn lomlambo kufuphi Millau ekumazantsi eFransi ibekwe kwisebe Averonskom. Nguye inxalenye yokugqibela A75 emendweni, ebonelela-high speed intshukumo eyinkunzi (Paris) ukuya Beziers sixeko. Ababhali yeprojekthi - izazinzulu ezimbini amanqugwala kummandla zobunjineli lwezakhiwo: Virlozho uMichel uNorman Foster. Wakha ahlelwe ezukileyo iwela nqanaba lisezantsi kwentili lomlambo Tarn, ubopha isinxibo ebomvu kunye Larzac yasethafeni, iyipasise Grand Plateau iperimitha (Ipaki kaZwelonke) ngecala ngaphakathi.

Funda ngakumbi malunga neendlela

Bridge ngensimbi Milhaud roadbed eziquka kwindoda 8. inkxaso yalo ubonelela isixa esifanayo lwemihlathi ngentsimbi. Ubunzima lwendlela - 36 kweetoni eziliwaka. ububanzi 32 m, nobunzulu - .. 4.2 m viaduct Milhaud ubude Uzele 2460 m, ngamnye kwindoda esembindini (iziqwenga 6) linobude 342 m, kwaye amabini aseleyo kakhulu -. 204 m kule viaduct kabani photo obathandayo, njengoko sele ikhankanyiwe - yenye yezona idumileyo ehlabathini. kuso intshukumo yaqala ngoDisemba 2004. Kubonakala ukuba akusafuneki ukuba ukucacisa umahluko phakathi viaduct kwe bhulorho kule meko.

namhlanje Viaduct

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ibhulorho ukuba isakhiwo viaduct wanamhla, wakha ngokupheleleyo amatye amakhulu, nto leyo iya scabbling elide manual. Ukudalwa kweeprojekthi eso wachitha isixa esikhulu umsebenzi wezandla kunye nexesha. izakhiwo wakhangela libe yaye enzima, uhlobo waba ethembakeleyo kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba ingcamango zokwakha kakhulu ibhulorho gqitha ezifunwa uluntu, kuphuhliso impucuko, yaye, ngokunjalo, ubuchwepheshe kunye nokuveliswa zokwakha kunye nolwakhiwo ngokwayo, baza ingcamango ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinjalo. Ukusetyenziswa metal elwakhiweni iibhulorho, ikhonkrithi kunye eziphathekayo ikhokelela kubo (ukugcina arch kunye noyilo umqadi) lwento. iinkqubo truss Ngenxa, namhlanje viaducts captivate ekuyileni uyilo naked ukuba weightlessness ezahlukeneyo ezibonwayo kunye openwork yaye ngaloo ndlela ukumelana imithwalo engakholelekiyo.

Yintoni viaduct

Nabani sicinga ngalo mbuzo, uyaqonda ukuba ibhulorho enjalo - oku bubungqina ubuchule kwabantu ukoyisa indalo, ukuba zinkomo zayo. Kungenxa ngamandla komphefumlo wakhe kuloo ndoda ingumnini wefowuni yakwazi ukuba babambe indlela ekhuselekileyo kwaye enamandla kunye ubude elungileyo, apho nkqu kwindawo wejoloji lwembono, kubonakala; kuba lo ukwakhiwa akukho ndlela. Ezi uyilo - yinxalenye kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye, ibonisa uphuhliso kumashishini zoshishino kunye nolwakhiwo ixesha lethu. viaduct nganye - ubuhle eyothusayo kunye nesakhiwo namandla, nto leyo isiqhamo lweenjineli brilliant babecinga kunye nabayili abanetalente.