Library Russian National e St. Petersburg, ukusuka kwisiseko ukuya kutsho ngoku

Uthando iincwadi, abantu bethu wondla eminyaka. Itempile yokuqala yeencwadi wabonakala eKiev, phezu eliphulo Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo umva ngo-1037. Kangangexesha elide kulevenkile Yayi ngamaxhesha ehlabathini. Namhlanje, uluhlu zotyalo ezizodwa ufumana Library National Russian eSt Petersburg.

Isicwangciso ukusebenza

imali ngaphambili yokulanda ncwadi kuphela abazizityebi kunye basebukhosini. Kodwa amanye amaphepha ezincinane ezindlwini aziingangamsha kungaba isiseko ezinawo olomeleleyo abaziingqondi, urhulumente leyo efunekayo. Lilinge lokuqala ukwenza amagumbi zokufunda esele zenziwe-Academy. Kodwa ukufikelela iiholo wayengekho wonke umntu, kunye neencwadi ke kungcono ligxininise emxinwa.

Ngoko ke, kwavela umbuzo wokudala amakhaya apho nkqu abemi elula bakwazi ukufumana ulwazi.

Lo msebenzi wenziwa Imperial Public Room Reading, apho kamva waziwa ngokuba National Library of Russia. St. Petersburg waba iziko likarhulumente, emva kokuba utshintsho uPetros I. Ngoko ke, umzi apho ngokubekwa izakhiwo ezitsha, wakhethwa ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo. Ngokomzekelo, sithatha watshisa izitha yaseYurophu.

uKumkanikazi iphupho

Umhla wokuzalwa ithala ithathwa ngokuba 16 (27) Meyi 1795. Kungelo xesha ukumkanikazi n Velikaya wathabatha iprojekthi ezifundisa wezakhiwo Yegor Sokolov. Emva kokuba imvume yesicwangciso kanye waqala ukwakha. umsebenzi Ihlawulwe kaNondyebo kaRhulumente.

wakhetha Kungekudala ilizwe phantsi kwesakhiwo kwixesha elizayo, nto yabizwa ngokuba National Library of Russia. E St. Petersburg, Nevsky Ithemba uthathwa embindini. Kukho uze wenze igumbi izakhiwo ezitsha.

intetho osemqoka lengcwele kukuba igumbi ikakhulu wamitha nje nje yokugcina iincwadi ezibalulekileyo ngokwembali kwaye maxwebhu, kunye noluntu, indawo yoluntu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho umsebenzi omnye, nto leyo elijonge abaphandi - ukuqokelela nokucwangcisa zonke iincwadi ezibhaliweyo Russian.

iphezulu

Phantsi kwenkokhelo ka ukwakhiwa kwenzeka kunye ingqokelela yezixhobo ukuya elayibrari. Eli tyala yayitsala, kwandula kuvulwe igumbi lokufundela kuphela 2 (14) ngoJanuwari 1814. Athotywa wasungula Library Russian kaZwelonke eSt Petersburg.

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, hayi kuphela inani imiqulu inani liye landa. Wandinceda babutha ingqokelela iingqondo ezibalaseleyo ixesha: ababhali, iingcali zefilosofi kunye izazinzulu. Umsebenzi wabo akubanga lilize, yaye ngo-1864 kwi-iiholo yegumbi lokufundela ukuba baqokelelene phantse-90% yazo zonke iincwadi Russian-lwimi.

Njengoko kwanziwe izicwangciso, ngokuhamba kwexesha, saqalisa ukuza abantu ngakumbi nangakumbi ezivela kwiintsapho eziqhelekileyo. AmaFilisti, abalimi, izidwangube ongenamali - lonke igumbi lokufundela ngokulinganayo wadibana bonwabile. iindwendwe rhoqo iincwadi ekhaya amabhinqa. amakhonkco oqhagamshelwano namanye zokufaka incwadi incwadi ehlabathini. Wasebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye neziko kwiiyunivesithi kanye zezifundiswa.

ngaphandle kwiiholo zikawonke

Imperial igumbi lokufundela yoLuntu, ngoku eyaziwa ukuba umfundi njengoko National Library of Russia e St. Petersburg, ifumene ngemitsha imisebenzi emva kokufika kwamandla Soviet.

Management umisele ikhosi malunga ngokupheleleyo kweyabo leyo kwafuneka ukuba zilandele ngqo eluntwini. Ekuqaleni, lo Reserve kwakhona kuphela xa iindleko lweengqokelela zabucala ezithe akhethiweyo abanini bazo - abantu zabucala. uncwadi wayisa maxe- kunye neecawa. Ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, ithala leencwadi akazange bayeke imisebenzi yabo kwaye nkqu ngexesha kwafa wamnika iincwadi kubafundi.

Ukuqalisa evela iminyaka engama-50 liye landa inani readers, kwaye ngoko ke abasebenzi. Komele bazala kwiimeko ezintsha kunye ezintsha.

kumaxesha anzima emva kokuwa USSR weza. Inani labatyeleli liye lehla kakhulu. Kwakhona, iikopi ezintsha iincwadi ayisendim.

Namhlanje, abasemagunyeni bazama ukubethelela kwi abaselula isizukulwana uthando kule ncwadi. Ukuze wenze oku, ukudala zonke izimo ezidingekayo. Russian State Room Ukufunda (eMoscow), i-Library lukaMongameli (St. Petersburg) - ezi kunye nezinye yokugcina - ikratshi lizwe.