Yiyiphi indima edlalwa makhowa eziphilayo? Meaning of fungi endalweni

Ukuba ukuthetha malunga amakhowa, into yokuqala ethi qatha engqondweni - emahlathini ukwindla, ukuzingela cwaka. Uyakwazi Ndisakhumbula igwele, itshizi kunye penicillin. Kwaye malunga eziphilayo ngendima edlalwa amakhowa, kutheni kufuneka indalo ntoni, bambalwa abantu bacinga. Makhe sithethe ngayo.

Ona okanye inzuzo?

Kuthiwa xa ubeke phezu izuza isikali ukuba abantu kwezi izinto, yaye enye - ukuba umonakalo isitya elungeleleneyo. Nangona, ethetha ngendima ukuba imixokomelwano yokuphilisana kwendalo edlalwa amakhowa, ngoko awunaku kwazi ukubeka loo mbuzo. Indalo kubalulekile kwaye kuyimfuneko kubo bonke.

Ukufunda isayensi amakhowa mycology igqalwa enye Botany. Kodwa amakhowa kudala idla bubukumkani eyahlukileyo. Oko kukuthi, kukho ubukumkani yezityalo kunye ngokwahlukeneyo - ubukumkani zomngundo.

Enye iimpawu eziphambili kukuba carbohydrate nenesakhiwo ekwakhiweni yeseli udonga ezi zinto ziphilayo - ngechitin. Nguye yinxalenye amathambo engaphandle izinambuzane, arthropods. Ngechitin uye iipropati umdla, omnye - ukukwazi ukususa ukusuka umzimba womntu kwezinto ezinobungozi, ukunciphisa cholesterol. Ngelo xesha, ngenxa yokuba kuye amakhowa zithathwa ukutya enzima. Abantwana ukuya kwiminyaka 6-7, kubhetele ukuba ukunika oomama asebekhulile ngcono ukuba abe nazo. Inkqubo enzyme umntwana akakwazi ukumelana imveliso onjalo.

Kutheni uhlobo kufuneka awafanele?

Enye imisebenzi yabo engundoqo - ukonakala, okutsha organic iintsalela. Ngenxa zokudlakazeka yebhayoloji izityalo ezifileyo izilwanyana babuyela kumjikelo bendalo carbon nezimbiwa izinto.

Amakhowa inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zomhlaba, kuchaphazela ubume bazo, ukwakhiwa kunye nokuba amaqondo obushushu. Ngapha koko, ezibolayo umkhuhlane of ezibolayo nobutyobo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba begadi abo bazityalele imifuno kwiimandlalo ezishushu.

Ikhowa ubomi babo ekudaleni biomass of mycelium kunye fruiting imizimba (ukuba siyazi ukususela ebuntwaneni njengoko amanita, russula, boletus, njalo njalo). Zitya abantu kuphela, kodwa ezahlukeneyo izinambuzane kunye nezilwanyana.

Gribokoren

ixabiso lokuba nomngundo kweli nokudalwa mycorrhiza. Kubonakala ukuba amakhowa nje ungayonakalisi imithi, kodwa kunokuba luncedo kubo. Uhlobo yenkohlakalo ngxaki yokusetyenziswa ngokuncedisana - siyingenelo zombini kwavumela eziphilayo.

Yenza umbutho mycorrhizal bemicu mycelial kunye neengcambu zemithi. Mkhuhlane wamkela kwezondlo sisityalo ephakamileyo ngendlela efikelelekayo, yaye, ke, kusinceda ukuba ndikhuphe amanzi avela emhlabeni kunye phosphorus. Umthi okunene iingcambu ezongezelelweyo.

Mycorrhiza ingaba iingcambu yangaphandle, kokusingqongileyo, kwaye ingangena ngaphakathi. Phakathi ezimbini iiseli yi izinto ukutya esebenzayo. Yiyiphi indima edlalwa yendalo fungi kule meko? Forest Ubomi nje akwenzeki ngaphandle kwabo, ingakumbi kwiindawo eziyimiqwebedu.

Nganeno ngaseludinini ukusinda

Kwiindawo apho imozulu ongqwabalala, yaye uhlaza ezincinane kakhulu, fungi benza uluntu relationship, kungekhona imithi kunye ulele, eyaziwa ngokuba ulele. Ke ingafunyanwa kwi kumathafa nenkqantosi, phezu ematyeni, izakhiwo, intlaka - apho, ezibonakala, kuba akukho iimeko zobomi. Kodwa amanzi Khipha mushroom emoyeni, ukusuka kwindawo nombethe, kwaye iguqula ukukhanya nobulembu carbon dioxide ibe kukutya organic zombini.

Obzhivanie izithuba ezintsha, iiyure zokusebenza kwezi kwiindawo organic - oko kukuthi enye intsingiselo ifungi kwindalo.

awafanele ezidla

Xa indlela yobomi nendlela ngokutya makhowa zihlukaniswe:

• saprophytes zomhlaba (mushroom, Clitocybe, Morel);
• ksilofily parasitizing phezu kwemithi efile okanye okubolileyo abafileyo (uqikelelo yokwenene indawo, Polypore);
• mycorrhizal, ukudala ngokuncedisana kwiingcambu zezityalo (white, boletus, Mokhovikov).

On ziimfumba ubulongwe baphila amakhowa Coprophilia kwi imililo ezinkulu - karbofily.

Kwaye abanye fungi ungakwazi "ukuzingela". ixhoba yabo kuba ziiamoeba, izinambuzane, nematodes. intambo mushroom ngqo ixhoba, yisongele yencindi, abanye bade bakwazi ngokuzikhama kuye, ngoko intshula ngaphakathi adle kuyo. Lo ngomnye umzekelo indima ukuba imixokomelwano yokuphilisana kwendalo eliyidlalayo makhowa.

I omkhulu nezahlukeneyo

Iyabonakala kwihlabathi abantu amakhowa yinxalenye elincinane iintlobo ekhoyo yohlobo lwazo. Uyawathanda, iifoto, kunye abamagama eziqhelekileyo ukususela ebuntwaneni - a mushroom, emhlophe, ubusi agaric, russula, Grebe luthuthu kunye nabanye abaninzi. Bona - in imibala kunye zokupheka abantwana, iincwadi reference ngamayeza kaxakeka kunye neencwadi Pharmacology. Amakhowa kuba abantu ukuba Gourmet ukutya, kunye ityhefu ebulalayo, nako ukunyanga kwaye ibangele izifo, ukusindisa nokutshabalalisa isityalo izindlu akafanelekanga.

Kunye amakhowa umsebenzi ubekelwe antibiotics amayeza. Ngoku Iziqinisekiso ngakumbi nangakumbi ufumana ukuyisebenzisa ngenxa ngokuziphakamisa sifo, ulwe umhlaza lingzhi mushroom, Cordyceps, Shiitake, kunye nabanye.

ukuba abamelwane bethu nezisemhlabeni, ezinokubonwa nezingenakubonwa, kuyimfuneko neziyingozi.