Yintoni ngokutsha? Ukuxhotyiswa kwamaziko credit

Ukufunda umbuzo yintoni ukwanda eyinkunzi, kufuneka kuthiwa ukuba le nkqubo leyo ethandwa kakhulu njengendlela luthethwayo yokujongana ziingxaki zemali kunye nezoqoqosho. States abaninzi kwisithuba ukususela ngo-2008 ukuya ku-2009 yanika amaziko yemali eyinkunzi kwinqanaba lokuqala. Namhlanje, lo mgaqo-nkqubo kwenziwa eRashiya. Emva ngo-2008, uncedo lwemali ukuze zabucala kunye neebhanki karhulumente-owned kunye nenani iinkampani zorhwebo yanceda ukuba uMzantsi Afrika ukusombulula iingxaki ezininzi.

Njani na kongezwa imali?

Ukuqaliswa kwemali kwimigangatho Ndibandezelekile lwaqhutywa nge nokuthengwa kwezabelo karhulumente okukhethwayo kunye nezinye izixhobo zemali nokuba ziyangqinelana elikwisikhundla zenqanaba lokuqala. Ukuxhotyiswa kwamaziko zamatyala kurhulumente nokuthengwa kwezabelo eqhelekileyo amaziko engokwezimali ebanjwe phi alufane. Ujonge le manani, sinokuthi kusuka kwiindonga amahlanu ezinkulu American ngamaxesha obunzima, 23 kuphela ufumene uncedo. Xa uncedo iYurophu kwabonelelwa amaziko-15 kuphela, engqamana 76% ne-40% ye pre-lobunzima capitalisation kwe kwicandelo logcino. Ngokwenkcazelo yi IMF, umlinganiselo inkqubo ngokutsha ngeendleko zikarhulumente entwasahlobo ka-2009 3% of GDP.

Capital Ukwandisa eRussia

Nicinga ukuba olu lwando ezinkulu, simele sijonge imeko eRashiya. Russian uMongameli Putin watyikitya umthetho phezu ngokutsha amaziko zemali mali ka-1 ezigidi engange ngokukhupha OFZ (iibhondi mboleko federal). Ngokutsho ababhali komthetho, igalelo impahla kufuneka zenziwe kwi-Arhente Insurance idiphozithi. Ngoko, ke, uya kuyithumela imali kwiibhanki ukwenza iimfanelo zabo nomba setyala kwaimpatho abagcinisa, mboleko kunye namatyala bond. Le mali iya ngqo kwizabelo ikhethwayo. URhulumente isuke kwi nokutshitshiswa kwee-arhente inshorensi BFL-mali okhankanywe ngasentla, nto leyo eza kuvumela ukuba ukuxhasa iibhanki yasekhaya nentlekele.

Ngawaphi amathuba ntoni na isisombululo?

Le bill, njengako eya kwenziwa ngokutsha amaziko amatyala eRashiya, wayelungiselela ixesha elide. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngenxa yokuba i maxongo imeko yezoqoqosho kweli lizwe ngokunxulumene ugunyaziso West phantsi ezipalini wabetha icandelo zemali. Iingcali ezininzi mahle nokuba engakwazanga ukuhlawula kweli candelo. Imali eyabelwe ukuba nokuvuselelwa abangakwaziyo-mali, ziya kube phantsi kolawulo olungqongqo. Oku kwintlanganiso okucwangciselwe ibhengeze ngokusesikweni usihlalo Accounting Chamber Golikova. Finance UMphathiswa Siluanov uqikelelo lubonisa ukuba ityala emva ukuphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo kufuneka ukwandisa inani lilonke eyinkunzi logcino ukuba angekho ngaphantsi 13 kwe%. Imali iyonke yokuthenga ngetyala kwixesha elifutshane kulindeleke ukuba akhule nge ubuncinane 15-20%. Kwabhengezwa ukuba zonke iinzuzo evela YOSUKU OFZ luzakulawulwa kwakhona mali federal.

Xa iimfuno bank inkxaso?

yebhanki nganye nekomkhulu yayo, equka mali lobuqu kwiziko zemali. Njengenxalenye yale amaziko ezemali kufuneka impahla zitsala abatyali kunye nokubonelela iinkampani lilungu kwenqanaba elithile. Capital Bank uqokelela ngokuthi ukutsala imali kubatyali - abantu zombini kwakunye nezakhiwo zorhwebo. Yena aboleke. Kulo mzekelo, iziko zemali inika mboleko ngomyinge wenzala ephezulu. Umahluko phakathi ukuhlawulwa kwenzala kwimali-mboleko kunye nomdla kwi-mboleko kwaye inika amandla okuhlawula amatyala nkampani. Ngamaxesha obunzima, kunye elibukhali outflow of capital Russia, kubaboleki ezininzi ebhankini, hayi nje akazange abuyele ityala, kodwa akaba nako ukubuyekeza nkqu inenzala. Ngenxa yoko, ukungaphumeleli mali kwasekwa, kwaye ibhanki akusekho akwazi ukuzalisekisa iimbopheleleko zabo kubatyali-mali. Tshintsha imeko inceda ngokutsha kweebhanki. Yintoni na, ukuqonda nje. Enyanisweni, kwaye ngendlela lula - oku intlawulo ngurhulumente-mboleko olubi ngenjongo ukugcina amatyala kwamaziko zemali kwinqanaba eliphezulu.

Kutheni urhulumente i ngokutsha?

Ukuqwalasela imigaqo yokumpompoza karhulumente ukuba loo ukwanda eyinkunzi, le nkqubo iya kubizwa iinzame ukuphepha imo uphaphazele. Ukuba amaziko ezemali endle akayi kungafezekiswa kweemfanelo zalo ngenxa koovimba ephantsi, oko kuya kubangela imincili. Abantu baya kakhulu watsala imali evela iidiphozithi watsala imali, leyo nje kungakhokelela yokubhuqwa mali, kodwa kwakhona ukunika inkuthazo kwiikhosi eyomeleleyo jump. Kunikezelo mboleko subordinated, nto leyo eya kuba lixesha ukuze ungqamane eyinkunzi ezinzileyo kunye nokuqinisa uzinzo yonke inkqubo yebhanki, kunokwenzeka ukuba igama elithi "ukwanda eyinkunzi". Kunye nenkqubo namhlanje uke waba nebhanki ngaphezu kwesinye. Ngenxa yoko, ukunyuka eyinkunzi lwaqhutywa, "Delta Bank", "Agricultural Bank", "VTB". Kwaye nje ezimbalwa uluhlu lwamaziko zemali ukuba urhulumente exhasa. Ngokuhambelana nomthetho, isibophelelo kwi-mboleko subordinated kwenziwa kule ethubeni yokugqibela.

Ukuba eneneni ukunika mboleko subordinated?

USekela Sihlalo Central Bank of Russia uMikhail Sukhov wathi ngokutsha "Rosselkhozbank", enyanisweni, njengezinye amaziko zemali, kufuneka inike kwizinga eliphantsi kwenzala kwicandelo yezoqoqosho uqobo. Kwixesha elizayo, kuya kwenziwa ukuba kuzinziswe phakathi kwicandelo lezoqoqosho kunye kwiimalike zemali kweli lizwe, nto leyo ngoku kusele emiselweyo. Le mali eziya kukubangela YOSUKU ezibhankini, kufuneka ukulilulamela ngokuhlahliswa hayi. Urhulumente Russian sele benze iqhinga ukuxhasa imeko yenkqubo mali ngo-2008, nto leyo nayo nemiphumela encomekayo. Isigqibo ukunqanda imilinganiselo yamaziko ezininzi ngetyala, gcina ezininzi abatyali-mali evela ilahleko.

Zeziphi amaziko credit singaqamela ngazo inkxaso kurhulumente?

Kokuba kusetyenzwe umbuzo wokuba yintoni ukunyuka capital ebhankini, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo yokuba ingengabo bonke amaziko zemali zixhaswa ngurhulumente. Uluhlu Banks ukhetha kwaye liphumeza YOSUKU. Ngokutsho iKomiti, phezu mboleko subordinated bangabala ngezithuba 27, ikomkhulu yayo engekho ngaphantsi kwe-25 billion engange. eyabelwe Of ngokusemthethweni ukuxhasa icandelo mali ka-1 ezigidi engange, uncedo ngqo kuya kufikelela ezihanjiswayo 830 ezigidi. Isibaluli yesithuba sokukhetha iinkampani ukuba babe nomnqweno wabo ukwandisa kakhulu siboleka kwicandelo loqoqosho ngokwenene kwimimandla ebalulekileyo kurhulumente. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo, recapitalisation iibhanki (ukuba kuxoxwe ngasentla) hayi ijolise ekusombululeni iingxaki kumaziko zemali ziinkathazo. Xa inkxaso ezibonakalayo injongo ngqo.

Iimeko ekufuneka ilandelwe yi yibhanki

Uluhlu lucky kuquka amaziko ezemali, ogama imisebenzi ukukhawulelana nemigangatho emiselwe. Yeyona ukufumaneka kwemali eyinkunzi kwimali engange-25 billion, nto leyo kubhalwe ngasentla. Ngaphezu koko, ibhanki-sicelo waba kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo ukuphuhlisa ngenkuthalo siboleka kwicandelo yokwenene kuqoqosho. Ukwandiswa indlela kufuneka ubuncinane 12%. Ngokweenqobo zovavanyo selection, iziko wezimali ube indlela nzima ukuhlawula abasebenzi zabo: ukwanda yaneleyo imivuzo, intlawulo yomvuzo ubuncinane amalungu ebhodi kunye ebhodi yabalawuli. nkqubo ngokungqongqo kufuneka isebenze tivi ubalo umba abatyali-mali. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi lokuqala, uncedo ziza kuvavanywa ngoku amaziko zemali zilandelayo:

• "VTB" uya kufumana engange 307 billion.
• YeSistim point "VTB" - 193 billion engange.
• "Intombi" othenge "VTB 24" - 65.8 billion engange.
• "Bank of eMoscow" - engange 49 billion.

Isicwangciso Anti-crisis

Ukufunda umbuzo yintoni ukwanda eyinkunzi, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba lona igama lisetyenziswa kuphela ngokunxulumene kumaziko ngetyala. Uncedo-mali evela kurhulumente kunokuba iinkampani ze-ngeniso nawuphi na omnye wemibutho ethi incedane ukubuyisela uqoqosho lweli lizwe. Le nkqubo ejoliswe ekulweni le ntlekele, liceba ukuchitha malunga 2.3 zezigidi engange. Uhlengahlengiso okucwangcisiweyo inkampani, leyo, ngasendleleni, iziko kwezemali kuye kodwa ukuba boyise, sele iyasebenza ekuqaleni kwekota yokuqala kulo nyaka. Iibhanki ezifumana inkxaso eziye iqela izibophelelo. Kufuneka ukwandisa umthamo mortgage ukubolekisa ngom linganiselo ubuncinane 1% ngenyanga nganye, ukunyusa imali-mboleko kumashishini amancinane kunye naphakathi. Ngaphezu koko, amaziko ezemali kufuneka ukwandisa imali yawo xa isixa-mali esilingana kwisiqingatha uncedo izinto ezifunyenweyo. Ukuphakamisa umvuzo ukuze bonke abaqeshwa abakwiziko zemali azivunyelwa kule minyaka mithathu izayo.

Apho amacandelo icetyelwe ukuba akhuphe mboleko subordinated?

Njengoko sele kwaziwa, uncedo-mali iya kunikwa hayi ngaphantsi kwe-30 iibhanki Russian, kuquka ne "VTB". ukwanda Capital iya kufikelela kwezi nkalo zilandelayo:

• Agriculture - kule mali engange billion 10.
• Ushishino lweemoto - 5 billion. Kuthethwa kuphela Ukuphunyezwa ngokuqhubekayo inkqubo yolawulo lwenkunkuma.
• mali kumashishini Credit - 5 billion.
• Imimandla ziya kufumana eebhiliyoni nokuthengwa kwezithuthi iyasebenza irhasi yendalo.

Urhulumente zamanani zicwangciselwe ukuba ushiye inkcitho yokhuselo eli lizwe, kwicandelo loluntu. Kwi ekulweni okuchasene nokungabinamsebenzi icetyelwe ukuba ukuhlawula imali engange 82,2 billion. ekuqaleni kwacetywa ukutyala ekubuyiselweni uqoqosho zikarhulumente ubuncinane 100 billion, kodwa kuye kwagqitywa ekubeni Asipheleli ukuba engange-23 billion kuphela amacandelo esebenzayo.

"Gazprom" ukunceda

Ukongeza kunikezelo mboleko subordinated kumaziko zemali, umongameli kuye ngokuphindaphindiweyo waphakamisa lo mbuzo oko eyongezelelweyo capitalisation of "Gazprom" akubalulekanga kangako. UMongameli Russian baba imprudence undithembise ngokusesikweni inkxaso-mali kurhulumente. Enyanisweni yenqaba umthetho oyilwayo, njengoko bafumana ukuba inkampani enkulu uyakwazi ngokuzimeleyo ukufumana imali ukulungiselela ukuqaliswa kweprojekthi ukwakhiwa lombhobho ukuthutha berhasi IsiRashiya ukuya eTshayina. Ukuphumeza le projekthi lifuneka ukuchitha malunga ne-55 billion, 25 kuzo sele wathembisa ukunika China ngokwayo - uliqabane i-United Russia BRICS kunye SCO. Russian Ministry of Finance nje urhano malunga rationalism le projekthi, oko ukholose kwilahleko yayo, kunye recapitalisation Veb kubonakala iprojekthi kakhulu ngempumelelo ngakumbi. Ukongeza, kwintlanganiso yamalungu karhulumente baye beva amagama iindleko kurhulumente rhoqo ziyanda, yaye oku akukho xesha kwinkcitho-mali karhulumente ukuxhasa iiprojekthi ezingaqondakaliyo.