Izikhumbuzo zeTyumen: imbali kunye nenkcazo

Idolophu yasendulo yaseRussia yaseTyumen inembali ende kwaye inomdla. Ubume kunye namagatya okuphuhliswa kweendawo zokuhlala zifake izikhumbuzo ezahlukahlukeneyo zeTyumen, phakathi kwazo zikho izikhumbuzo zendabuko, amaqela angaqhelekanga kunye nokufakelwa. Izikhumbuzo ezininzi zeenkcubeko nezakhiwo zakhiwo zigcinwa apha. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni imbali yezikhumbuzo zeTyumen kwaye sikuxelele ngezikhumbuzo zendawo ezithandekayo.

Imbali yesixeko

Abemi bokuqala kwintsimi yeTyumen yanamhlanje babonakala kwi-Neolithic yobudala, babeyi-Sargatian, iKozlov kunye neKoshka. Babengabantu abaxhamlayo, kwaye iindawo zokuhlala ezihlala kule ndawo zazibhalwe ngekhulu le-13. Ngeli xesha kwakukho inkunzi yeTyumen Khanate. Ngenkulungwane ye-16 kwintolongo yaseRashiya yakhiwe apha, eyenzelwe ukukhusela amazwe aseTsar Fyodor Ivanovich ukusuka ekuhlaselweni ngabahlaseli abahlukahlukeneyo. Kancinci, isixeko sanda, ngaphandle kwemikhosi, imikhosi kunye nabarhwebi beza apha. Emva kweminye imililo ebhubhise ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, kwakhiwa itywala kwiTyumen. Ngekhulu le-19, xa ukubaluleka kwesixeko esikhulu saseTobolsk besihla, iintyatyambo zeTyumen ziqala. Ukuphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kwesi sixeko kwanegalelo ekwakheni umzila wesitimela kuwo. Ngaphezulu kwekhulu, kuye kwaba yindawo enkulu yorhwebo kunye nezoshishino zommandla. Zininzi izikhumbuzo zakhiwo zeTyumen zakhiwa, namhlanje ezenza indawo yokuhlala. Isibini sesibini soshishino sasilindelwe ngeso sixeko ngexesha leMfazwe yeSizwe yeBili, xa amaqela amashishini amashishini amakhulu athathwe apha. Ujikelezo olutsha lophuhliso lweTyumen luqala kuma-60s ngexesha lophuhliso olusebenzayo lweendawo zeoli kunye negesi kummandla. Imbali ende kunye nezityebi yaboniswa kwizikhumbuzo ezahlukahlukeneyo zesixeko.

Izikhumbuzo zomlando

Izikhumbuzo zenkcubeko eziziwayo zeTyumen zikuvumela ukuba ucinge kangcono imbali yalo mzi, udibanise emoyeni walo. Njengawo nawuphi na umzi waseRussia wasendulo, kwiTyumen eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye inomdla yizinto zokwakha izakhiwo zetempile. Apha, nawuphi na umhenketho kufuneka ahlawule ingqalelo kwiMonastery yoBathathu Emnye, esakhiwe ngamatye ekwakusasa kwekhulu le-18. I-cathedral ephezulu yakhiwo eselungileyo esimhlophe kunye neesahluko ezintlanu kunye ne-cubic base. Isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele sidibanisa i-laconism yamasiko aseRashiya asendulo kunye namaqela ase-Ukrainian baroque. Icawa ya mandulo yeso sixeko yayingu-Cathedral yaseAntsunciation, ngelishwa yatshutshiswa kwi-30s yekhulu lama-20, kodwa ngekhulu lama-21 ikopi yenziwe, ekhoyo kwinqanaba likaMaspala. Kwakuye kwintlekele ngakumbi kwiKathhedral yaseZnamensky, eyakhiwa kwisiqingatha sokuqala sekhulu le-17. Kwixesha lokuphila kwalo elide, i-cathedral yavuselelwa kwakhona ngaphezu kweyodwa, kodwa namhlanje igcine iziganeko zayo zangaphambili zeBaroque baroque. Kwizakhiwo zelizwe ezibalulekayo zembali zezakhiwo eziseleyo zendawo yokuzivocavoca yokuqala ye-19 leminyaka, izindlu ezininzi zorhwebo, isakhiwo saseDuma esasisakuba yiKholeji yaseAlexander.

Izikhumbuzo Zomsebenzi

I-Tyumen yakhiwa ngaphezu kweenkulungwane eziliqela, kwaye namhlanje ungabona izakhiwo eziliqela ukusuka kwiiyure ezahlukeneyo. Izikhumbuzo eziyinhloko zezakhiwo zeTyumen zibuyela kwii-18 neye-19. Amakhrededrals akhankanyiweyo, kunye necawa yaseKrestovozdvizhenskaya ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, icawa elijikelezileyo lazo zonke iintlondi zexesha le-19 leminyaka zingenakuphikiswa kweempawu zokwakha izakhiwo zetempile. Ukongeza kwii-cathedrals, ukwakhiwa kwetheyibhile ephawulekayo, eyakhiwe phakathi kwekhulu le-19 kwindlela yokufunda, inomdla. Ngendlela yangaphandle yokubonakala, isakhiwo sifana nesakhiwo seBolshoi Theatre eMoscow. Umfama waseRussia oqhelekileyo onokubuyiselwa kwangaphakathi - indlu kaBolokolnikov - ubuyela ubomi bomrhwebi wenkulungwane ye-19, isakhiwo ngumzekelo obalaseleyo we-Empire style. Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zasekuhlaleni kubhekiswe nezinto ezikhuselweyo ngurhulumente, njengendlu ka-Kolmakov, umthengisi AF Averkiev, isitolo sikaV. Zhernakov, indlu ka-Ushakov, i-organage yaseVladimir (ngasekupheleni kweXesha le-19), indlu yeNdibano ePhakamileyo. KwiTyumen, igcinwe iindidi ezininzi zokwakha izakhiwo zeenkulungwane zangekhulu le-19. Kukho izikhumbuzo zamatye ezakhiweyo zamanzi kwisixeko , umzekelo, inqaba yamanzi yokuqala kwinkulungwane ye-20, izindlu ezininzi ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-20 kwisimboli se-Art Nouveau, indlu ejikelezayo kwisakhiwo sokwakha.

Izikhumbuzo zamaqhawe

KwiTyumen, kukho izikhumbuzo ezininzi eziqhubela phambili imemori yamaqhawe eziganeko ezahlukeneyo. Kwizitrato zaseRiphabliki uya kubona isangqa - ingcwaba leninzi kwixhoba leMfazwe yombutho. Kwi-post-revolutionary yeTyumen yayingummangaliso womzabalazo oqatha phakathi kweMpi yeMhlophe neBomvu. Kwimiba yeziganeko, abaninzi abantu bafa. I-obelisk yokuqala kwimbeko yayo yasungulwa emva kowe-1927, kwaye ngowama-1967 ikhonkco lomdwebi UV Belov wabonakala. Kwakhona kwidolophu ngo-1957 isikhumbuzo sabasemzini be-revolution sakhiwe kwi-Alexander Square. Njengemizi eminingi yaseRussia, izikhumbuzo zemfazwe yaseTyumen zihlonishwa ngokukhethekileyo. Le yikhumbuzo ngokuhlonipha abasebenzi abasemva, eyenziwe liqela labaculi abakhokelwa ngu-A. Medvedev ngo-2010, kunye ne-bas-relief enkumbulo yamajoni afela kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini kwi-Historical Square. Kwakhona kwisixeko kukho isikhumbuzo kwisikolo, iHero yeSoviet Union uNikolai Kuznetsov, efakwe ngo-1967, isikhumbuzo kwindoda yeparatrooper, isikhumbuzo kumapolisa asele.

Izikhumbuzo zexesha lamaSoviet

Phantse zonke iidolophu zangaphambili zeSoviet Union kwinqanaba eliphambili sisikhumbuzo kuLenin, eTyumen, kwakhona, kukho isikhumbuzo. Wabonakala apha ngo-1979. Isakhiwo esikhulu somfanekiso we-bronze esi-9-mitha senziwe ngumakhi waseGavrilov. Ngexesha lamaSoviet, izikhumbuzo ezikhankanywe ngokubhekiselele kumaxhoba eemfazwe, abasebenzi basebenzi bamva. Kwipaki yabagijimi ungabona imifanekiso emininzi yexesha elifanayo. Imemori yamaqhawe eemeko ezahlukileyo yayisenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo kwindawo eya kuthiwa ngo-1987 ibizwa ngokuba yiGroses Square. Nanku imisa isikhumbuzo kumajoni awafa ngamanxeba kwizibhedlele eTyumen, isikhumbuzo sokuhlonipha uMama ekrakra ngenxa yejoni elifile, iimpawu ezinokuzikhumbuza. Ngomnyaka we-1968, iSikhumbuzo esingunaphakade seMlambo ngokuhlonipha amaqhawe eTyumen savuleka kwi-Historical Square.

Izikhumbuzo kubemi beli sixeko

Emva kwe-perestroika, isixeko saqala ukubeka izikhumbuzo ezininzi kwisixeko, sikhumbule abemi besi sixeko. Namhlanje, izikhumbuzo zeTyumen, isithunzi esichaza ukuba yeyiphi iphepha elingaphaya kwiphepha-ncwadana, inomdla ngakumbi kubakhenkethi nakwizembali-mlando zendawo. Ngo-2006, isikhumbuzo kumntu ofumene ioli yeTyumen, u-Yuri Ervye, yabonakala kwiRiphabliki yaseTransli, eyayisebenza iminyaka emininzi edolophini kwaye yayingowokuqala ukubonisa ubungqina bokuphuhlisa iifowuni zendawo. Ngo-2008, kwi-boulevard enegama elinye, isikhumbuzo ku-A. I. Tekutyev yabonakala. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, wayengomnye wabasomashishini abakhulu kunye nabanikezelwa ngamanani amakhulu ekuphuculweni kwesi sixeko. Umfanekiso owenziwe ngumculi uA. Antonov kunye nomakhi uM. Belik. Ngo-2014, isikhumbuzo sakhiwe ngenhlonipho yenye inkulu-ntlangano, umthengisi uN. Chukmaldin, kwi-boulevard yegama lakhe. Ngo-2004, i-B.Shcherbine, owayengumongameli ovelele wamaxesha aseSoviet, wabonakala kwisixeko, oye wenza okuninzi ukuphuhlisa iTyumen. Ngo-2009, isikhumbuzo sakhiwa kwi-geologist, ugqirha waseJamani kunye nososayensi u-V. Steller, owathatha inxaxheba kwii-Kamchatka ukuhamba kweBering waza wafa ngo-1746 eTyumen.

Isikhumbuzo kumaxhoba okunyanzeliswa

Ngama-1997, izikhumbuzo zedolophu yaseTyumen zaphuhliswa ngelinye ilitye ngokuhlonipha amaxhoba e-1937-38. Indawo yokumiswa kwekhumbuzo yanyulwa ngaphandle kwephutha, apha kwi-30s kwakukho ukungcwatyelwa kwamatye okudubula. Namhla, i-birch grove ikhula apha, apho yayibekwe khona ilitye elikhulu le-granite kunye nomnqamlezo wemabula kunye nombhalo. Kwakhona kwisixeko kukho isikhalazo sokukhunjulwa ngokuhlonipha abahlali abakhethiweyo - amaxhoba okunyanzeliswa, kunye nomqondiso wokubakhombisa ukuhlonelwa kwabo batyhulwa kuma-1930.

Isikhumbuzo kwiSaint Philotheos yaseLeszczynski

Izikhumbuzo eziphambili zeTyumen zinikezelwa kubantu baseSoviet, isiqonga kuphela sokuhlonipha ibandla livela ngo-2007. Isikhumbuzo seSaint Philotheus saseLeszczynski sisetyenziswe kwisikwere esichasene noMongameli weZiqu-zintathu oyingcwele, umsunguli wayeliphi. I-dolophu iqalise ukudala isikhumbuzo. Umlobi wesakhiwo wayeyi-architect AF Medvedev, ophumelele umncintiswano ovakalisiweyo weprojekthi ephambili. Umfanekiso ubonisa uyingcwele uhamba nge-arch altar kunye nomsebenzi, ubingelwa ngabameli beCosacks kunye nabantu baseNyakatho.

Isikhumbuzo kwiiNkonzo zokuThuthukiswa koBokuqala

Iqela eliqhaqhaqhaqha eliqingqiweyo lokuhlonipha isityalo sokuQala lokuThumela eSiberia sazalisa izikhumbuzo zeTyumen ngo-2010. Itholakala ekugqibeleni koMlambo woMlambo kwaye ibonisa iqela lamanani amabini: injineli uHector Gullet kunye nomrhwebi wenhlangano yokuqala II Ignatov. Iinjineli phakathi kwekhulu le-19 yayingumququzeleli wezityalo zeTyumen. Eli shishini lalingowokuqala eSiberia phakathi kwalabo abaguqukayo besuka kwi-handicraft ukuveliswa kwemveliso yeenqanawa. Izimali zomntu ekudalweni kwesityalo, ukuvulwa kwesityalo kunye nesiphakamiso sokuqala saseSiberia satsalwa ngumthengisi u-Ignatov. Umenzi weqela lezithombe eziyimifanekiso yayiyi-Ekaterinburg Art Fund, igama lombhali alingaziwa.

Izikhumbuzo ezingavamile

Kuloo mzi kukho imifanekiso emnandi kunye nezikhumbuzo ezinokuthi zenze iindawo ezihlukahlukeneyo zasemadolobheni. Ngo-2010, kwiQuay of Tours, iqela le-sculptural libonakala lihloniphe iindwendwe ezinkulu zaseKamchatka. Iziko lelo lwakhiwo lithathwa ngumfanekiso we-VI Bering, owathi uhambo lwakhe lwaluhamba ngeTyumen. Ngo-2014, ikhonkco elincinane labonakala kwidolophu yaseAptekarsky Garden kunye nomfanekiso kaG. Rasputin, owathi, ngokwembali, waphathwa esibhedlele sendawo emva kokulimala ngo-1914. Umfanekiso owenziwe ngumculi V. Zolotukhin, abavakhenkethi kunye nabahlali bendawo bavuyiswa ngolu hlobo kwisihlalo esilandelayo kuRasputin. Ngo-2010, isikhumbuzo senja yabonakala kwiCentral Park (iTyumen), eyenzelwe ukukhumbuza abahlali besixeko ukuba kubalulekile ukuba bathande zonke izilwanyana, ngakumbi ezihlwempu. Ukubunjwa kwesobhanki ye-piggy, apho ungayishiya imali eya kuya kunceda izilwanyana ezingenamakhaya.

Isikhumbuzo kuMama

Ngo-2010 isikhumbuzo esingaqhelekanga savela kwisixeko. Isikhumbuzo kumama eTyumen saqulunqwa ngabameli be-Central District Administration, kuba yena wabelwa indawo epaki kufuphi neziko lokubeleka. Umlobi wesithombe esisiqalo ngu-PS Starchenko umculi. Isikhumbuzo sichaza iqela le-sculptural, isiseko sokwakheka sisimo somfazi ekukhulelweni kwexesha elide, ejikelezwe ngabantwana abonwabileyo. Okokuqala, umbhali wayefuna ukubonakalisa uyise ovuyayo ngokuzayo, kodwa kwagqitywa ukuba upapa wayefanelwe isikhumbuzo esithile. Kungekudala kwenye yezikwere eziseduze ne-cinema kwavela isikhumbuzo ngokuhlonipha uyise, ngoko kwabonakala ubulungisa.

Imifanekiso

Ezinye izikhumbuzo zeTyumen ziyi-decoration yesixeko kwaye zikhunjulwa ngabantu abaqhelekileyo, kwaye izinto ezininzi ezithakazelisayo zifakwe ezitalatweni kunye nezikwere, ezibangela ukumomotheka kunye nezindawo zemveli zokubamba iiseshoni zezithombe. Kwindawo yokungena kwiindwendwe zedolophu bayabingelelwa ngumbutho othi "i-Tyumen flying", efanekisela abafazi, odade, oomama be-Decembrists, abangazange bavumele ukuba balahlekelwe ithemba. Iqela elingaqhelekanga lemifanekiso "Indlela ama-Motherland aqala ngayo" yasungulwa ngokuhlonipha iminyaka engama-70 yommandla weTyumen. Yayifaka imemori yabo babulawa kuzo zonke iimfazwe kunye neengxabano. Emva komfanekiso wenkwenkwana kwisambatho se-grandfather wakhe udonga olunezithuba zeefoto, apho abemi baseTyumen bangafaka khona iifoto zezihlobo zabo ezifile. Kwintsimi yaseYunivesithi yaseTyumen ungabona umfanekiso ongeyinto engavamile "iState Tatiana", eyona nto ifunyanwa ngabafundi baseRashiya. Ukuchasene neesksi yiklasi eliqingqiweyo elithi "Trio", elibonisa amacandelo amathathu adumile : u-Oleg Popov, ipensela no-Yuri Nikulin. Kwaye kweso sixeko kukhona umfanekiso oqhelekileyo "i-Plumber", i-"Globe", izikhumbuzo ku-Aibolit, iDvornik nePostman.