Yintoni na umbuzo declensional? Ngetyala kunye nemibuzo lwesemantiki

Akukho nalinye ilizwi ulwimi Russian kwi isindululo akakwazi ayisekho ngokuzimeleyo. Ukuze ukuba ingxelo ibe nentsingiselo, kufuneka kubekho unxibelelwano phakathi zonke iinxalenye zayo. Yiyo le uxhulumaniso kuthiwa isintaksi, oluthi luqokelelane yi kwinkqubo kwimeko ulwimi Russian. Zizonke kwezibetho ezilishumi, kodwa wayefundisa kwisikolo emithandathu, kodwa intetho elula asebenzisa konke ngokupheleleyo, nangona ubume impikiswano declensional.

Indima amatyala

Njengoko uxhulumaniso abunjwe magama kwisivakalisi? Yiyiphi inxalenye kwintetho ithanda? Njengoko ukuyilwa iintlobo ezintsha yeli gama? Indlela ukubeka imibuzo phakathi kwamalungu iziphakamiso? Yiyiphi declensional imibuzo izichazi, izibizo kunye nezinye izigaba zentetho? Ezi kunye nezinye izihloko ezininzi ezinxulumene kweli candelo ulwimi Russian ifundiswa ezikolweni, ukuqala kwibakala wesithathu. Ngolwimi Russian zatshintsha, alichumi kumatyala iindawo ezinjalo zentetho: isibizo, isimelabizo, isichazi kunye yesi. Kwaye oku kuchazwe tshintsho luphela. Kwaye ukuze kubonwe kwimeko yazo naziphi na amazwi, ukuba uwubeke mbuzo declensional.

Enyanisweni, ukuba sifunde ukuqonda ukuba akukho nzima kule sihloko. Ukuze benze oku, abantwana zinika imibongo umdla nehlekisayo, igama ngalinye siqala ngonobumba omkhulu kuluhlu amatyala. Umzekelo: Lowo uzala Ivan amantombazana Uyalelwe Rhuqa amanabukeni.

inkqubo Case lolwimi Russian

Kuxhomekeka imisebenzi eyenziwa yi yesibizo inokuguqulwa amatyala. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba declination, kwaye sibulela kuye amagama kwizivakalisi kukho indima syntactic nokunxibelelana nabanye. Kungenjalo, kwakube uluhlu kuphela lwesigama. Apha declensional imibuzo ngolwimi Russian, ezichaza indima sesibizo kwisivakalisi:

Yesivakalisi, okanye MI. p.- inkosi yendlu - ngubani? yintoni?

Genitive, okanye R n -. Masters ekhaya - nabani? yintoni?

Dative, okanye D. n -. Inkosi, indlu - kubani? yintoni?

Wesenzo, okanye B n -. Yendlu Masters - kubani? yintoni?

Ablative, okanye T n -. A inkosi, ikhaya - ngubani? yintoni?

Izithetha ntonye okanye P. p.- malunga umninindlu - bani? yintoni?

Zonke affixes, ngaphandle yesivakalisi, zibizwa ngokuba "ngqo" kwaye baqeshwe kunye neyenkolo kwaye ngaphandle kwayo (oku ke inxalenye abangabancedani yokuthetha lisetyenziswa ukucacisa intsingiselo yegama elithi). Le ngaphandle apha kunjalo Izithetha ntonye kuphela elinye uluhlu lonke isetyenziswa kuphela nge isalathandawo.

Ukwazisa abafundi kule nkqubo uqala ixesha ngalinye lendlela: kuqala, abantwana ziyakhuthazwa ukuba ukumisela indlela yokukhetha umbuzo declensional emva ukhathazeke igama kunjalo, yaye ekugqibeleni indima kwamagama kwisivakalisi, oko kukuthi, indlela ilungu kwezindululo, oko lokuqala okanye ezenqanaba lesibini.

nominative

Eyona uphawu ephambili apha kukuba ilizwi kwi isinye kwimeko nominative sisoloko ifomu sokuqala. Esi sindululo, nokuba kwisinye okanye isininzi amagama usoloko ungenelela sikhokelo lwegrama, eyile eso sifundo.

Umzekelo: "(? Umbuzo Declensional - ngubani) Le nkwenkwe (yintoni?) Ukuze esikolweni." Apha, ibinzana elithi "inkwenkwe uhamba" yi isiseko lwegrama, yaye igama elithi "inkwenkwe" libhekisela kwimeko nominative.

Kodwa ukwenza isindululo esinjalo, apho isifundo ayikho kwimeko yesivakalisi, oko nje akunakwenzeka.

genitive

Uninzi ubunzima apha kukuba etafileni lwetyala likhupha amazwi umbuzo ofanayo, ingakumbi ngokubhekiselele genitive kunye wesenzo. Kwaye apha uncedo kwezalathandawo. Ngenxa yoko, isimelabizo "ngaphandle kweintanethi", "ukuba", "ukuba", "kwi", "kwi", "ukuba" zisetyenziswa kuphela amazwi P p. Njengoko umthetho, zibandakanywa umbuzo ngokwayo.

Umzekelo:

• "Goes ngaphandle slippers (ngaphandle ntoni?)."
• "Soup iintlanzi (yintoni?)."
• "Le ntwazana kagogo wakhe (kubani?)."

dative

Apha kwenkcazo fom amagama lula kancinane, kodwa ke kukho kwakhona yimiba declensional kunye esemantiki. Kuthetha ukuthini?

Umzekelo: "Abantwana utsibela izinze (oko - umbuzo declensional; phi - ingqiqo?)."

Kubalulekile ukwahlula phakathi kwezi ntlobo zemibuzo, ngenxa yokuba, ngokusebenzisa ifomu lwesemantiki, asiyi kuba nako ukumisela ityala ngokuchanekileyo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isimelabizo "ukuba" lisetyenziswa kuphela D. n., Ngoxa "on" lunokwenzeka kwaye B. n., Ke D. n., Ke P. p.

wesenzo

Kulo mzekelo Iifomu nabo abathile ukuntsokotha ngenxa yokuba isigqibo imibuzo yayo. Ngenxa yokuba ezifanayo nominative kunye dative.

Umzekelo, ungakwazi ukuthatha enye isindululo umdla, leyo ifundeka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

"Mouse wabona mouse." - Thina apha sithetha ngalo mouse, Obona mouse, kodwa ziya kuba phantsi amanye amagama? Zisebenzisane lesi sicelo, ngoko siya kufumana: "Impuku wabona mouse, iinkukhu kunye idada." Iba akucaci nokuba ngawaphi amagama kuyinxalenye iziseko zegrama. Kungenxa yoko le nto ulwimi Russian kaninzi isifundo umi phambi vavisa. Ngoko ke, kucacile ukuba la magama ukuze I. n., Kodwa ukujonga ukuba izixa-imilo yesibini? It R. n., Okanye B. n.? Kwaye kufuneka ukuba kwakhona kwiimpikiswano. Maze ukutsala la amazwi emongweni, kuyimfuneko ukubeka umbuzo isivisa ngqo: - "Mouse wabona (umntu?) Impuku."

Namazwi kwi wesenzo basebenzisa izizathu "ngayo", "phakathi", "phakathi", "kwi".

ablative

Njengoko umthetho, amagama asetyenziswa kwimeko instrumental, ezinxulumene ngqo isivisa, kwaye zisetyenziswa kunye izalathandawo "kwi" yaye "off". Ngoko ke, kwisivakalisi sokuqala release kwesiseko zegrama, uze ubone ityala Ulobumba amalungu yesibini. Nangona kunjalo, oko kwenzeka ukuba isindululo ibe sisiseko ayiphelelanga ntetho. Kwaye nantsi ke kubalulekile ukuba siqonde umongo njengesivisa kunokwenzeka. Umzekelo: "abahlobo UNomatse zanokungqubeka, ikati mouse, kunye nengca bunny."

Isiseko yesindululo "iproteni lula", "kati" yaye "bunny" - ukusuka umongo kucacile ukuba kuzo zonke iindawo esisodwa isivisa zingasetyenziswa - ". Abahlobo" Simbeka lo mbuzo, "ngubani?". On imibuzo declensional iyaphendulwa elithi "nge mouse 'kunye namazwi' ingca".

Izithetha ntonye

Le nominative iye awohluke yayo: la magama azisetyenziswa ngaphandle izalathandawo. Kukho kwakhona ipop up imiba lwesemantiki ukuba kufuneka bafunde ukuba anele nge. Umzekelo:

• "Inkwenkwe wasondela (phi? Yintoni?) Xa umthi albhamu."
• "Cucumber kukhula (phi? Ku yintoni?) Ebhedini."
• 'Afumaneka kulile (phi? Yintoni?) Xa ehlathini. "

Lo mbuzo lisoloko zadityaniswa ukusetyenziswa benze isigwebo.

nezinye affixes

Ukongeza izibetho ezinkulu ezintandathu, ezifakwe kwikharityhulam yesikolo, kukho ekuthiwa-amatyala ezongezelelweyo.

• Yokubiza, okanye yokubiza. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le fomu lisetyenziswa xa kubhekiselwa nawuphi na umntu. Umzekelo: Anja - Im.p. kunye Anh - yokubiza. Le ityala alisonjululwanga elisandula kusekwa, kunye neefom ayo aye alondolozwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo de namhlanje, kula magama, "Nkosi, Nkosi", "wesitatshi-", "Bawo", njalo njalo.
• Nangokobungakanani-eyahlula uzokuma okanye genitive yesibini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, esikolweni zonke iintlobo yokufa athethwa genitive.
• Local, okanye locative. Le fomu kudla indawo kwimeko Izithetha ntonye, kodwa kwezinye iimeko kokuba zahlulwe. Umzekelo: "indawo yokugcina" - ntoni? kwaye "kwi kwigunjana" - phi?
• Umthombo okanye ablative. Kulo mzekelo, isibizo ithetha indawo okanye kokuqala ukuhamba kunye a xi lengingqi kukhululwa. Umzekelo, "Ndaphuma ndize ehlathini."

Study le nto inikwa ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kwikharityhulam yesikolo. Oku kuyaqondakala ukwazi nezo ubudlelwane kwamagama kwisivakalisi, unokuqiniseka literacy yokuthetha zonke iziphelo ezichanekileyo. Oko kuza kuthintela ukuba iimpazamo ezininzi kwincoko ngokubhala, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu ngexesha yethu erudition enkulu kunye technologies.