Yintoni IOC? IKomiti Olimpiki International: iflegi, imali, iikhomishini, iikomiti kunye nezakhiwo

Yintoni IOC? I-International Olympic Committee (IOC) - i-non-ngeniso umbutho ngamazwe engekho phantsi kukarhulumente esekelwe e Lausanne (Switzerland). Luqulunqwe yi Pierre de Coubertin, June 23, 1894, kunye nomongameli yawo yokuqala UDimitri Vikelas. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le nto ndiyibhalayo kwamalungu 100 esebenzayo, amalungu yekhethelo 32 kunye nelungu 1 uzuko. IKomiti igunya elongamileyo ye-Olimpiki Movement yehlabathi lanamhlanje.

Yintoni IOC?

IKomiti Olimpiki International Ihlela kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki noLutsha Imidlalo Olimpiki ezenzeka mihla ehlotyeni nasebusika qho emva kweminyaka emine. Eyokuqala Olympic Games, ezilungiselelwe yi-IOC, iMidlalo Olimpiki zaye zabanjwa kweli lizwe, eAthens, ngo-1896. Olimpiki Winter okokuqala kwimbali yoluntu (eGrisi yamandulo akuzange kubanjwe i Winter Games) eyayibanjelwe 1924 Chamonix, kumantla eFransi. De 1992, bona bobabini Imidlalo zaye zabanjwa kulo nyaka. ngoko IKomiti wafudukela-Olimpiki Winter Games kwiminyaka nkqu phakathi ehlotyeni ukunceda abaququzeleli zombini iziganeko ukulawula izenzo zabo kwaye iphazamise kunye namanye, kwakunye ukuphucula imeko yemali-IOC, yona efumana ingeniso enkulu kwiminyaka Olimpiki. Lokuqala Summer Youth Olimpiki Imidlalo zaye zabanjwa Singapore ngo-2010, kwaye yasebusika lokuqala - in Innsbruck ngo-2012.

Yintoni iflegi weKomiti Olimpiki International?

IOC iflegi ludibaniso amakhonkco abahlanu (ezintathu ngaphezulu ezimbini ngezantsi). They munye. ring nganye umbala wayo: blue, omnyama, obomvu, mthubi noluhlaza. Bonke amele amazwekazi ezintlanu boMhlaba. IOC iflegi has a imvelaphi emhlophe.

IOC Mission

Umnqophiso weKomiti Olimpiki International, ngokungqinelana amaxwebhu ayo charter, kukukhuthaza leembaleki ziphila ehlabathini nokukhuthaza Olimpiki Movement. Umele wenze oku kulandelayo:

• agcine uphuhliso olupheleleyo yenkqubo yezemidlalo ehlabathini lonke, ukuyikhuthaza wonke umhlaba;
• ukunika Imidlalo ngokungqinelana ishedyuli esisigxina;
• ukusebenzisana kunye nemibutho abanobuchule loluntu okanye lwabucala kunye namagunya;
• alwe naziphi na iinzame zenziwa ukunyelisa-Olimpiki Movement;
• yokulwa ukucalulwa kwamabhinqa kwimidlalo ehlabathini, ukukhusela ukulingana ngamadoda nabafazi.

IOC

Session iKomiti Olimpiki International - na umbutho iphambili yomzimba yolawulo oludityanelweyo. Yena uya kube kanye ngonyaka. Nokusetyenziswa siseko iivoti zilingana, apho ilungu ngalinye linevoti enye kuphela. IOC kwikomkhulu e Lausanne, nguye indawo esemthethweni iseshoni.

Iiseshoni Extraordinary ukuze kubizwa nokuba umongameli okanye 1/3 elipheleleyo lobulungu. Noko ke, wokuLawula ithi ukuba sisigqibo IOC ukuthatha rhoqo kakhulu kwaye kuyawadodobalisa ngokungafanelekanga.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, intlanganiso IOC unelungelo:

• amkele okanye ilungise uMqulu Olimpiki.
• inyule amalungu IOC, uMongameli Wawongwa kunye naMalungu Wawongwa.
• ukunyula uMongameli, uSekela-Mongameli kunye onke amanye amalungu IOC Board Executive.
• ukhetha host umzi kweMidlalo YeOlimpiki ngokubaluleka.

bamxolele

Ukongezelela uphazanyiswa iimbasa Olimpiki zezi zilandelayo amabhaso IOC:

1. Trophy IOC nguMongameli. Ingaba umahluko liphezulu abenikwe iimbaleki abagqwesileyo kwimidlalo yabo, waba umsebenzi engaqhelekanga kwaye baba nefuthe umxhelo kwi bomdlalo.

2. Pierre de Coubertin imbasa. Zanikwa iimbaleki ababonakalisa umoya ezikhethekileyo zemidlalo kwi-Olimpiki. ngaphambili abaninzi babecinga ukuba ngenxa yokuba i-IOC imema ngokusesikweni ngokwabo iimbasa Olimpiki, kodwa ayikho.

3. Cup Olimpiki. Ezinikwa amaziko okanye imibutho ebonisa ukufaneleyo negalelo kuphuhliso ebonakalayo intshukumo Olimpiki.

4. Order Olimpiki. Inikwe abantu ngegalelo ibalaseleyo intshukumo Olimpiki. Salawo Certificate Olimpiki ekhoyo ngaphambili.

Ubulungu kwi-IOC

Iminyaka emininzi, eli lizwe wabumba lonke isakhiwo se-IOC apho, wathumela amalungu amabini ukuya IOC. Kamva, umyalelo waqala ukutshintsha kancinci. Ngenxa yoko, isiseko kwaba ukubunjwa kweekomiti yonyulo zamazwe ngamazwe phakathi kwamalungu azo.

Ukupheliswa kobulungu

Ubulungu kwi-IOC itshitshiswe kwezi meko zilandelayo:

1. Ukuziyekela. Ilungu IOC angavala amagunya akhe ngokunika isaziso esibhaliweyo yokurhoxa kuMongameli.

2. Ukungabikho ulonyulo kwakhona. Ilungu IOC liyayeka ukuba, ngaphandle ukugcina kwakhona ukuba akayi baphinde bonyulwa.

3. Ukuphumeza lo yobudala eliphezulu. Ilungu IOC uyayeka amagunya ekupheleni konyaka, ngexesha apho kufikelela kwiminyaka engama 80.

4. Ukwala ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwiiseshoni iminyaka emibini elandelelanayo.

5. Tshintsha yokuhlala okanye nobumi.

6. Abantu abanyulwe iimbaleki esebenzayo kuyeka ukuba ngamalungu eKhomishini Athletes IOC ', xa umhlala.

7. UMongameli IOC kunye kwizikhundla zolawulo eziphezulu ngaphakathi NOCs, ihlabathi okanye imibutho lwezwekazi NOCs, IFS njalo njalo, ukuba bayeke amagunya ayo obonwa yi isigqibo IOC.

8. engalawulwa ngulo mthetho: ilungu IOC lingagxothwa sisigqibo kweseshoni ukuba wamngcatsha isifungo okanye ukuba intlanganiso ingqalelo ukuba lingayifakanga izilangazelelo IOC okanye ngabom kubabeka emngciphekweni, okanye wenza ngendlela ezingamfanelanga ilungu le-IOC.

ngezimali IOC

Ekuqaleni imidlalo Olimpiki-1980 kuxhomekeke kakhulu ingeniso evela kumthombo omnye - iikhontrakthi kunye neenkampani zikamabonwakude US ukusasaza kweMidlalo YeOlimpiki ngokubaluleka. Emva konyulo yakhe njengomongameli i-IOC ngo-1980, uJuan Antonio Samaranch iye yayiqwalasela eli sesichengeni, kwaye ngokucebisana uHorst Dassler, Adidas ilungu lentsapho, bagqiba ekubeni kusungula iinkqubo somhlaba yokumaketha ye-IOC. Samaranch wamisela Ilungu IOC Canadian Richarda Paunda nguSihlalo weKomishoni IOC "imithombo New yemali."

Ngowe-1982, inkampani Swiss kwi inkampani zentengiso kwezemidlalo Lwase Marketing liqulunqe inkqubo somhlaba yokumaketha ye-IOC-Olimpiki Movement. Lwase iphuhlise ngempumelelo inkqubo, kodwa sele indawo kwinkampani yolawulo a Meridian, ezizequmrhu inxenye IOC ukususela 1990.

Ngowe-1989 omnye abasebenzi Lwase Marketing Maykl Peyn wajoyina i-IOC waza waba ngumlawuli wokuqala ukuthengisa lo mbutho. Noko ke, Lwase yaye kamva Meridian wadlala kunjalo indima ebalulekileyo ekwandiseni inani yentengiso kunye nokuthengisa ngenxa arhente 2002. Eyi-17, ngokubambisana ne Lwase kwaye emva koko Meridian, Payne wenza igalelo elikhulu ekudalweni inkqubo lezentengiso inkxaso elenza-dollar, leyo, kunye nokuphuculwa lorhwebo TV nokuphucula ulawulo lwemali, uye wanceda ukubuyisela uzinzo lwemali IOC. Olympic aqala ukuzisa ingeniso enkulu. Ngo-2002, iKomiti ukuluphelisa ulwalamano kunye Meridian waya kwinkqubo yayo zentengiso phantsi kolwalathiso kungu Lummen, Ukulawula iinkonzo Director Marketing.

Iholo

I-Olimpiki Movement lifumana imali ngeenkqubo ezintlanu eziphambili. IKomiti Olimpiki International (IOC) ilawula usasazo intsebenziswano kunye neNkqubo World of exhaswa Olimpiki Movement. Le komiti ukuhlela ulawulo abaxhasi emhlabeni, ukuthengiswa kwamatikiti kunye neenkqubo mvume umkhosi lizwe kwakhona phantsi kwephiko IOC. Olimpiki wamkela imali isimbuku ngaphezu $ 4 billion. Bhala kwi maxesha zethutyana - 2.5 billion zeerandi lwengeniso ngexesha Olimpiki kunyaka-emine ukususela 2001 ukuya ku-2004. Kunzima ukukholelwa oko kukuthi i-IOC ifumana iminyaka 4, kodwa urhwebo lwabo ukuzisa iinzuzo ezibalulekileyo.

ukwabiwa kwemali

IOC yabela yinxalenye ingeniso yonke imibutho Olimpiki Movement ukuxhasa amalungiselelo ukuhlalwa kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso lwezemidlalo kulo lonke ihlabathi. IKomiti Olimpiki International igcina malunga ne-10% ye-kwingeniso marike Olimpiki ukuba iindleko zokusebenza zolawulo.

Committees Olympic National

NOCs kufumana inkxaso-mali uqeqesho kunye nophuhliso lweekomiti Olimpiki, leembaleki ziphila kunye neembaleki elizayo. Umbutho isasaze ingeniso phakathi iiKomiti zithi zijikeleze apha ehlabathini. IKomiti nayo inegalelo usasazo Olimpiki, uphuhliso Olimpiki Solidarity kwakunye nezinye iiprojekthi Olimpiki, ebonakala ngu imfuneko engamandla mali.

impumelelo lorhwebo Olympic kunye nokupheliswa kwezivumelwano kwi losasazo Olimpiki eye wavumela umbutho ukunika inkxaso bhetele ukuba NOCs kunye umjikelo ngamnye quadrennial Olimpiki.

International Olympic Sports iimanyano (IFS)

IOC kungoku nje inzuzo enkulu ukuba uninzi IFS, igalelo layo kwingeniso lombutho yonke MSF kunceda ekuphuhlisweni lezemidlalo ezahlukeneyo ehlabathini lonke. IOC inika inkxaso-mali, ukuqalela IFS 28 ezemidlalo zasehlotyeni Olimpiki nesiphelo IFS 7 kwezemidlalo zasebusika Olimpiki (kuqale, ngokulandelelana, emva kokuba kugqitywe umjikelo olandelayo ehlotyeni nasebusika Imidlalo yeOlimpiki). I sandayo ukubaluleka Olimpiki losasazo bambiswano eye wavumela IOC ukwandisa inkxaso-mali ebonakalayo IFS kunye ngalinye Imidlalo.

neminye imibutho

Lo mbutho ikhuthaza inxaxheba lungeniselo yayo kwiinkqubo yemibutho eyaziwayo eyahlukeneyo ngamazwe ezemidlalo, kubandakanywa i-International neKomiti Paralympic kunye World Arhente Anti-kweziyobisi (Wada). Kwiimeko ezininzi zisebenza ngendlela efanayo, kodwa oko kwenzeka kanye ungquzulwano. Umzekelo, umahluko phakathi Wada kunye IOC phezu ukwamkelwa iqela Russian kwi Olympics-2016 (oku kuya kuxoxwa ngezantsi).

Abaxhasi

IOC kukho inani elikhulu abaxhasi ngemali, nayo olunikezela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, umbutho olongezelelweyo ingeniso. Phakathi edume zezi:

• "Coca-Cola";
• "Kumho";
• "Electric General";
• "McDonald kaThixo";
• "Panasonic";
• "Procter & Gamble";
• "Samsung";
• "Toyota";
• "Visa".

Kwakhona yinxalenye exhaswa uvela inkxaso kaZwelonke iiKomiti Olimpiki.

Nendawo 1976 Olimpiki

ukubamba Ekuqaleni 1976 Olympics ibango imizi zilandelayo:

1. Denver, Colorado, USA.

2. yeSiyon, Switzerland.

3. Tampere, Finland.

4. Vancouver, eKhanada.

Ekuqaleni, lo mzi Imidlalo wakhethwa Denver May 12, 1970. Noko ke, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nokukhathazeka malunga neziphumo ezibi kokusingqongileyo (zisiba mbi imeko yakhe izihlandlo 3) kwakhokelela ekubeni kaNovemba 7, 1972 abahlali karhulumente baye bavotela lokusiyeka esi Imidlalo, kuba kungenjalo umba iqhina efunekayo kule mali $ 5 million ngezimali kwiimali zikarhulumente.

Denver walile ngokusemthethweni November 15, uze emva koko le Komiti ecetywayo umdlalo Whistler (British Columbia, Canada), kodwa wala ngenxa yotshintsho karhulumente emva konyulo.

Salt Lake City (Utah) ngo-1972 wazinikela enokubakho umkhosi yemiDlalo ukwala Denver (ekugqibeleni, njengokuba sisazi, amhluba 2002 Imidlalo). IKomiti-Olimpiki International, usaqhubeka baxhalatyiswa ukusilela Denver, ndakhetha Innsbruck (Austria) kuba Winter Olympic Games ngo-1976. Ngaphambi kokuba Innsbruck iye yasingatha 1964 Winter Olympic Games.

Kwihlazo ne kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki 2002 e Salt Lake City

Scandal ngoDisemba 10, 1998, xa ilungu Swiss lombutho Marc Hodler, intloko ikomiti eququzelelayo ukubek umbutho ka-Olimpiki Imidlalo-2002, wabhengeza ukuba amalungu IOC eziliqela wathabatha izicengo. Kungekudala, uphando ezine oluzimeleyo ziye olwenziwe yimibutho eyahlukeneyo: i-IOC, i USOC, i-US Department of Justice.

Phambi kokuba amalungu esigqeba aphanda Oxley uWelch kunye Johnson barhoxa. namanye amalungu ezininzi IOC kungekudala bamlandela. I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa lezoBulungisa sebefake iinkokeli iintlawulo: babefuna ukunika ngamnye iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu ngezityholo ukunyoba kunye nobuqhophololo. Johnson kunye uWelch ekugqibeleni akade zonke izityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho ngo-Disemba 2003.

Ngenxa yophando yamalungu IOC alishumi bagxothwa enye balishumi phantsi ukwayo ezahlukeneyo. Yaba ngaphandle kuqala okanye kukumiselwa ukwayo ngenkohlakalo abangaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka ngobukho yeKomiti. Nangona wayenze nto ngqo mthethweni sele, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba nakwamkela sicengo kwaba ebendingenakuya. imithetho engqingqwa baye bamkelwa kwizicelo elizayo, kwanokuqaqambisa amalungu amaninzi IOC azamkele bid kule midlalo.

nezinye izinto eziphikisanayo

Ngowe-2006, njengoko ingxelo irhuluneli Nagano (saseJapan), izigidi zeerandi sibekelwe yee-Olimpiki, iye isetyenziswe ngohlobo "kwinqanaba mthethweni yaye ngokugqithiseleyo wokubuk 'ukuba amalungu eKomiti, kubandakanywa $ 4.4 yezigidi kubo ukuze ukuzonwabisa. Oku kulandela uphando kunye ekugxothweni eziliqela Member States.

amaqela amaninzi ngamazwe ngokuchasiweyo-Olimpiki e Beijing, ungaboni nto ngenxa yokuba ilizwe abaninzi kakhulu ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu. Malunga la mabango kubanjwe iindibano zovakaliso ezininzi, kodwa ekugqibeleni wenza ingxelo ukuba kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki 2008 ziya kuqhutywa eBeijing.

Ngo-2010, iKomiti Olimpiki International wawongwa imbasa. Ikhutshelwa ukuya yaye "elizothe" imibutho okubi corporate ehlabathini lonke.

Phambi kokuqala Imidlalo Olimpiki ngo-2012, le Komiti wagqiba ekubeni ukubamba umzuzu cwaka ukuze imbeko kwisikhumbuzo 11 Olympians Israeli abaye babulawa Munich Olimpiki kwiminyaka engama-40 eyadlulayo. Zhak Rogge, umongameli IOC ngelo xesha, wathi iya kuba 'engafanelekanga' ukuyenza loo nto, nto leyo ebangela ukuba livakale yoluntu ngokubanzi.

nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi scandal

Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuba lo kweziyobisi scandal ezaziwayo-kakuhle ngoJulayi 2016 kwiziphumo zophando of the World Anti-kweziyobisi Association, ingxelo umphengululi American nentatheli McLaren, kwakunye izigqibo ezenziwe Sports yiNkundla Arbitration, isigqibo IOC of iqela lesizwe Russian phantse yasuswa kwi-Olimpiki Games eRio de -Zhaneyro. kwintlanganiso IOC e Lausanne ugcine yokuxhayelwa kwabo iimeko ezinzima kuba wokwamkelwa kwabafundi baseRashiya kwi-Olympics kunye neembaleki zaye zonke wayindulula lonke iqela, abo wathabatha dope, yaye ngabo bangadyobhekanga ababandakanyekayo kuyo yonke le miba.