Yamangcwaba of Galla Placidia: inkcazelo, imbali. Ravenna ezinika umdla zotyelelo

Le dolophu lephondo Italy ngenkulungwane V yathabatha lenkundla kunye iinkulungwane eziliqela yayilikomkhulu the Western uBukhosi baseRoma. Kufuphi eAdriya, Ravenna aku- zizityebi ezikhumbuzo bobugcisa zaphawula abangamaKristu Byzantine okuqala. Uva edume ngobugcisa emihle. pieces umfanekiso smalt mihle ukuba ayivathise izakhiwo adumileyo esixeko, ubuhle ekhethekileyo akumangalisi.

Eyona Cathedral kwekomkhulu mosaic

Yeyiphi eyona phantsi kokhuselo UNESCO, Cathedral of San Vitale e Ravenna ithathwa ibandla aphambili ilali encinane. Wabhala ngayo, ukuba ezikhumbuzo zonqulo amahle uvethe eYurophu engasekho Ayifumaneki. Etyelwe 525 BC, kwindlu yonqulo yi ebhanyabhanya odumileyo baseByzantium, ezo asitshatyalaliswa yi ixesha. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba mnye kubo uKrestu, ehleli ibhola blue, nto leyo ebonisa iplanethi yethu, ubonisa umfana ngaphandle ngeendevu. On enye uyakwazi ukubona ebhanyabhanya yoMlawuli kunye nentsapho yakhe.

Xa isixeko wegqitha waya amaByzantine, abazange abatshabalalise ibandla San Vitale e Ravenna, eya kuthi yongezwe ngemizobo, apho iinkosi siyiposele umlawuli omtsha kunye nomfazi wakhe. Ekukholelwa ukuba mosaic ngexesha yi analog iifoto, kunye nababhali abanetalente nezona nkcukacha zincinane ukusungulwa zonke iinkalo umntu, ezigunyazisiweyo bokuqonda costume kunye nobucwebe.

Le yamangcwaba azinikele intombi ka waseRoma loMlawuli

yobuciko kunjalo ubuncwane mzi, ingqalelo lesibini namnye ehlabathini, mkhulu ezinika ezininzi kwinqanaba ixabiso yokuluka. Uqhekekile umzi ukhuselwe yi-UNESCO yamangcwaba Ngokwahluke imbonakalo uyazidela kunye uhombiso ebukekayo ingaphakathi.

Yakhelwe yokwakha lwezitena ezibomvu ithiywe emva kokuba intombi soMhlekazi yokugqibela uBukhosi baseRoma. UTheodosius Omkhulu, lowo bawongwa igama lakhe ngababhali abangamaKristu, emahlelweni wavalwa yobuhedeni. Wangumququzeleli wamasiko wenze yonke ukufumanisa indlela yophuhliso yonqulo eYurophu. Phantsi kolawulo lwakhe, iinkolelo zamaKristu evunyiweyo imithetho. Lamiselwa ebusweni St. Feodosiy Veliky kuphelisa imfazwe yamaRoma-zwe.

Hayi yamangcwaba, a cappella?

Intombi yakhe phezulu eConstantinople, savela iinkosi baseByzantium. yamangcwaba odumileyo, ibekwe kufuphi San Vitale, eyakhelwe imiyalelo yakhe. Noko ke, yafumana yokusabela lokugqibela hayi kwisakhiwo ezilungisayo elizinikele kuyo, yaye kumagumbi usapho, eRome, kunyaka 450. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba Umakhi of Galla Placidia waye Chapel of St. Lawrence, nto leyo ukubukelwa yi asebukhosini, yaye, mhlawumbi, ukumkanikazi amaVisigoth apha nje wathandaza.

Umahluko phakathi imbonakalo yangaphandle umhombiso yangaphakathi

Ababhali-mbali baye bafunda ukuba sesakhiwo kwesakhiwo kunye umxholo ebhanyabhanya wafumana ukuba yamangcwaba elifana kakhulu Ngumfeli - izakhiwo zonqulo kwakhiwa phezu kwamangcwaba. Kufuphi Basilica ka Ravenna Monument ngokwangaphandle ukhangeleka athobekile kwaye ngumzekelo izakhiwo iicawa zamaKristu okuqala. It is a umnqamlezo Latin kunye kwinqaba efana ityhubhu, okubhaliweyo ngokomakhi akrelekrele ezingabonakaliyo ngaphandle kwawo. imbonakalo uyazidela kwesakhiwo asifani embindini zodidi.

Ukulinganisa inqaba yamangcwaba Galla Placidia Ravenna ababezahlule ngabom ukusuka ihlabathi ngaphandle kweendonga olomeleleyo embrasures efana iifestile apho ukukhanya ungena ithambile.

Kuba amaKristu elo xesha ubuhle yangaphandle zazingathethi nto kwaphela xa kuthelekiswa nabagxeki zokomoya, yaye art Ndikufanekise imisebenzi enjalo kunye olubi ingathi yimimangaliso ukuba oyigcina ngaphakathi magugu.

umhombiso esekelwe

Inxalenye esezantsi iindonga igcwele emarmore ngaphaya, ukudala imvakalelo ndandifeketha kunye airiness. The Dome le yamangcwaba leyo ezihonjiswe ebhanyabhanya ngeepateni ezintle zibe nombala oluhlaza negolide kukhanya eliqaqambileyo nomntu nelungiselelwe ngasempuma emnqamlezweni sesazulwini sayo - uphawu nje kuphela intlungu kaYesu, Ke usindiso lwakhe phezu kokufa. Oku ikwazile ukwenza isiphumo nolulahlekisayo ukuba nesibhakabhaka esimnyama, apho amanani ezingcwele hambisa emoyeni. ipateni Magic lisetyenziswa nezikhafu neyesilika, kuthengiswe yi shop sitampu ngamnye kunye nabakhenkethi nisuse neqhekeza yamagugu odumileyo Ravenna.

Scene evela uMalusi Olungileyo ejikelezwe yi umhlambi weegusha, uhleli apho uYesu uchazwa njengoKumkani wasezulwini, ngokusekelwe emnqamlezweni, abaphandi abaninzi ujonge idyll umalusi, yaye yehlelo yomngcwabo, kwaye uzive umoya somnyaka. KaMoses, ndizilandile nje impembelelo ezicacileyo kaConstantinople, wenza kweminyaka engamakhulu kamva emva uBukhosi baseByzantium yamkela ubuKristu.

Ukohluka le Imizobo emihle

Eyaziwa yamangcwaba Galla Placidia eyabelwe phakathi kwezinye ezikhumbuzo Ravenna webs mosaic lomculo apho sele ugqibile picture. Abaphandi Nikela ingqalelo italente emangalisayo umninindlu, owadala imisebenzi emangalisayo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba abangcwele classically iimpawu rhoqo, linyanzelisa zabo uyaphila uncured, umbhali utsalela ingqalelo iziphumo yokukhanya kunye ngendlela uguqulela umoya.

Yokuvelela esi sipho kuxhomekeke ubuchule ekhethekileyo ngokubekwa emihle. Yamangcwaba of Galla Placidia umi phakathi kwezinye ensembles ngobugcisa obukhulu mihle wenza inkosi engaziwa. Zingcono kwezinye imisebenzi, begcinelwe Ravenna. Smalt ezahlukeneyo iimilo ebekwe kwi-engile ethile kunye umsantsa encinane, nto leyo eyandisa Ukunakana into ebonwayo kungenxa refraction enombala eyandisiweyo color palette.

Neemeko zokukhanya umfanekiso flickered, kwaye kwabonakala ukuba iindonga izakhiwo ezenziwe ngamatye anqabileyo, zendalo ngemibala eyahlukileyo. Kwindawo encinane, amibala ayinikezi ukhanye ngobuhle ekuseni, nto leyo ichaza ukuba mnandi ngaphakathi zonke iindwendwe ancome imifanekiso ocacileyo zobugcisa.

Enye abaphandi yobugcisa yaseByzantium, ancome nobukhulu ummangaliso Ravenna, wathi nabani na ongena yamangcwaba oqhumayo ikhanya of Galla Placidia, ukuya kwenye kwihlabathi apho yonke yaye zonke print engaqhelekanga.