Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo Newfoundland siqithi: imbali, imozulu

Igama kwisiqithi saseNewfoundland kwi nenguqulo IsiNgesi lithetha "umhlaba omtsha-wafunyanwa. ' Le ibekwe kwi North Atlantic, kunxweme olusempuma Canada. Le Strait imxinwa Belle Ile eyahlula kusukwa esemazantsi Labrador Peninsula, Newfoundland eMpuma yi-Atlantic Ocean, kwi-West - Gulf of St. Lawrence. Indian izinyanya baqala ukuba nihlale kulo nkqu ngenkulungwane mna, kunye baseYurophu - kwiminyaka elishumi emva kokuba kwafunyanwa Melika ngu Columbus. Ke bona abanye baye bakwazi ukuphumelela kuyo, kwaye siqithi nangoku igcinwe nenkangeleko yaso yesiqhelo, unika abantu kuphela isahlulo esincinci ez wezo zinto.

I abaMhlophe bokuqala

Kukho ubungqina bembali ebonakalalisa ukuba kwisiqithi saseNewfoundland baye batyelela Norman Vikings kwinkulungwane XI. Ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba sagas Icelandic ukuba ubizo lwakhe Wineland and Labrador Peninsula - Markland. Mhlawumbi Iintsomi nokuthandana, kodwa kummandla kwisiqithi saseNewfoundland, iintsalela ye uNorman ezisemaphandleni walondoloza, nto leyo eyaziwayo ekuhlaleni kwaye phantsi kokhuselo UNESCO njengoko yokuqala ekwahlala yaseYurophu saseNtla Koloni.

Sele ngaloo mihla le ndawo kwathiwa usenazo: apha waphila iminyanya amaNdiya kunye Eskimos, lowo Vikings wasebenza engazikhathazi omncinane malunga ezifunyaniswe eendawo. Le fever yaqala kamva.

Age of ohambo enkulu

Kwakungayi kuba yinto ephosakeleyo ukuthi kwisiqithi Newfoundland and unxweme Labrador wavula umoya eliGorha ukwazi self-ukukhonza yaseYurophu. Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XV beza abafundi befashoni ukuya ku-Indiya nge enamandla phakathi amagunya yangoku EU aseNtshona. Kuqala ndaya ukhangela Columbus ezaziwayo-kakuhle yaye kweza kwilizwekazi entsha lonke - baseSpeyin wazuza kuyo namanqatha.

Found ngaphandle olo impumelelo nanto, Bristol abarhwebi bagqiba ukuxhobisa ngohambo lwakhe - nethemba ukufikelela ilizwe esikelelekileyo, ezele yegolide anqabileyo nobulawu, kodwa ndanxila eninzi iinjongo. Ekubeni kungekho inkxaso evela kurhulumente, uHenry VII, ayikwazanga zingafumaneka ukongeza intsikelelo IsiNgesi yokumkani, kwishishini ayikwazanga ndoqhayisa a Umda ebanzi.

Ukufunyanwa saseNewfoundland

NgoMeyi 1497 ukusuka marina Bristol kundihlamba inqanawa umthetho yi umhloli wamazwe IsiNgesi of imvelaphi Italian John Cabot (Dzhovanni Kaboto), nto leyo, ubukhulu becala, kwaye wafumanisa kwisiqithi saseNewfoundland ukuba abaMhlophe. Le nqanawa ke ngokuba "Mateyu", yaye xa kwibhodi kwakukho iqela abantu abali-18 kuphela - mhlawumbi kwi abaququzeleli edliwe zange ukubala, kunye nenjongo umkhankaso yaba kuphela sokuhlola sezwe. Emva kokuchitha ulwandle phezu nje kwenyanga, Cabot bafika emdeni esemantla kwisiqithi saseNewfoundland ngoJuni 1497. Sehla emhlabeni yaye evakalisa kulo nabemfuyo isithsaba IsiNgesi, umhambi waya ngakumbi ecaleni konxweme, wafumanisa iintlanzi izityebi i-Grand Banks, "wandwendwela" ehlabathini siqithi inyanga, wajika wabuyela, kwaye sele Agasti 6 wafika eNgilani.

Cabot yazisa ingqalelo kanye njengoko ngokukhuthaza: equmbile, ingqele, nto kodwa iintlanzi. Ndimele ndithi ukuba iingxelo lwabahambi belo xesha alaziwa ukuba lithetha ukuthini imfihlelo - akukho mntu wayefuna ukwabelana ngolwazi, esoyika oliqhophololo okhuphisana. Ngoko ke, ubungqina eseleyo inqabile kakhulu. Sifike Dzhon Kabot Labrador okanye hayi, akwaziwa ukuba ezithile.

iingxabano indawo

Kule nkalo, i-British outdid isiPhuthukezi: usingasiqithi got igama layo Hoeyo Fernandes Lavrador ( «lavradore» --mhlaba isiPhuthukezi.). Ngowe-1501, Newfoundland weza bakowabo ukhokelwa Gaspar Korterealem. Monument ukuya Umatiloshe sisemi kwi kwenye indawo St. bukaYohane, iziko yolawulo kwiphondo (ngo-1965, lo mfanekiso thaca kwi-Portuguese, nostalgic ngenxa yakhe elidlulileyo omkhulu elwandle).

Kangangethuba elide kummandla kwisiqithi saseNewfoundland kakhulu akukho namnye ibango, oko ibimiwe ngokwezizwe zemveli amaNdiya kunye Inuit, kwakunye ngokundwendwela i isiPhuthukezi, isiFrentshi, Irish kunye British. Bakurholela bendawo, benikana iimfele zawo ezixabisekileyo beaver, iilynx, kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezinoboya-langa, abazibandakanya zokuloba nokuzingela.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVI emazantsi-ntshona e-iminenga ezizingelwayo kwaye wayeloba isiFrentshi, yaye North-East abaye baqeshwa yaseBritani kurhwebo. Okwabantwana siqithi languidly yangenela ithi ezahlukeneyo yaseYurophu.

Ukuphatha isithsaba British

Ngowe-1701 ukumkani Spanish yafa - wokugqibela zaseHapsburg ubukhosi. EYurophu, i imfazwe i-Intestate iSpanish, nto leyo amrholela-13 iminyaka. Ngowe-1713, phantsi kwemiqathango ye-Uxolo Utrecht, Newfoundland waya UK.

Noko ke, oku akuzange lokuphela; ebudeni beMfazwe kweminyaka esixhenxe leyo (1756-1763), eFransi, Spain neBritani kwakhona waqala umngeni mmandla omnye komnye, yaye ngowe-1762 e-St John wakhe wathabatha idabi Anglo-French, leyo azuzeke i British ngaphezu ekugqibeleni ukukhusela amalungelo abo.

Claims Canadian Confederation

Imizamo sokurhwebesha siqithi ibe ibizwa ifuthe lezopolitiko noqoqosho saqalisa Canada, Newfoundland kodwa wayithimba ngaphandle kakhulu. Ngowe-1869, isindululo ukungena Canadian Confederation akalahlwanga labo. Kanye, ngokwemiyalelo London, i Labrador Peninsula iye yafakwa Newfoundland, Canada wacela kunceda ekuphuhlisweni iidiphozithi zentsimbi zasekuhlaleni, yaye kwakhona walelwa: siqithi kufanele wayekholelwa ukuba, ukuba ithembele kwi Confederation, nakanjani kuphulukana ulongamo zabo. Noko ke, yintoni eya kubakho, kuya kubakho.

Kule 30 kokuqhambuka zentlekele yehlabathi, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ekuweni kuqoqosho kwisiqithi saseNewfoundland. London laqalisa i "ulawulo lwangaphandle", ikhomishini okhethekileyo ukumisela bayahlelwa siqithi zadalwa. Emva kokuphela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II isigqibo kusebenzise. Ngowe-1948, njengoko iziphumo ze-zimvo, kwisiqithi saseNewfoundland wayengomnye amaphondo Canada, leyo unanamhla.

Population sezulu

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abemi kulo mmandla abantu malunga 500 amawaka. Sisazi ukuba indawo ye siqithi malunga 111,39 amawaka macala onke. Km, abemi ngaphezu uNothozamile. Zokuhlala ikakhulu kunxweme, ekubeni lokuloba kwexesha elide yaba iyindlela eyinhloko empilo balapho.

Cool ezimanzi ixesha elide isaziso amalungelo kwisiqithi saseNewfoundland, imozulu uthathwa 'eyothusayo "nokuba yaseBritani.

Ihlobo kobushushu mpuma ayidluli 15 ° C, kodwa kufutshane Atlantic ebangela shushu kakhulu - akufane lalingu -4 ° C. E Northwest imo ubushushu libukhali ehlotyeni-25 ° C, yaye ebusika kuneqabaka kwenzeka desyatigradusny.

Le ukukhululeka iindawo ezahlukeneyo Newfoundland naye ezahlukeneyo. Kwi-West, lo mmandla weentaba, lo kummango wengingqi Long Range Mountains igqalwa inxalenye Appalachia (once ekwahlulweni siqithi ukusuka kwilizwekazi kokubhalwa kwembali ngenxa yentlekele ezoyikekayo zejoloji). Kwindawo apho kwisiqithi saseNewfoundland, amanzi efudumeleyo Gulf Stream kumkhawulela Labrador Current abandayo. Oku kukhokelela imvula ebonakalayo siqithi (75-1500 mm). Ngenxa le ngozi, amanzi kunye nomoya nokuhamba amaqondo ezahlukeneyo phantse isahlulo sesithathu, amafu amhlophe anoboya abahlala kwisiqithi saseNewfoundland. Photo olephuzayo yenkungu, ngalo khangela ngophahla of St Johns, ngokumangalisayo sifunda izicaphulo i "Mist" yi Stephen nguKumkani.

abahlali bendawo

Kingovskie ndiyingwenya na, ngethamsanqa, kwisiqithi akafunyanwa. Kodwa baphile ngokupheleleyo izilwanyana ezisentlabathini bayanda ngenxa yokuba eli phondo eKhanada ukuya kumhla, mncinane bachatshazelwa ngezoshishino. Uninzi kwisiqithi saseNewfoundland ligutyungelwe hlathi eziqala, zinkulu iindawo sazala ngamanzi. Apha iielk, amabhere, bobcats, raccoons, iimpungutye kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezininzi. Zenziwe yi amawa ezininzi kunye coves ezinamatye unxweme - iparadesi iintaka kunye nezilwanyana zaselwandle.

ukhenketho

Ithuba ukuze bahambe iindawo zingabanjwanga umdla abalandeli ezininzi nokhenketho olujongene nokusingqongileyo. I-National Park Gros Morne National Park, bafumana intabalala namawa yonxweme zasendle, ubuhle amachibi ecacileyo enemisinga yawo imilambo. Nebhanki amawa kunandipha ukududulwa kwazo kunye ezifudukayo neminenga oluhlaza.

Abakhenkethi i Viking yokuhlala wamandulo, yesitrato sixeko lidala Intshona Melika (ngokuVota Street), iimyuziyam, iindawo zokutyela kunye ezivenkileni.

Apha kuza abathandi lokuloba kwezemidlalo: amanzi asekuhlaleni nangoku uzogcwala intlanzi, nangona oku ngenkuthalo ivunwe ngendlela engazange mveliso phantse ukususela kokufunyanwa kwisiqithi Newfoundland and Labrador. sengqondo engenangqondo ngayo ubuncwane bendalo phantse yonakalisa umhlaba.

"Fishing Gone"

Banks Grand - ummandla nzulu ka 282,5 eziliwaka macala onke M.. km, apho kusekho i "idiphozithi" izityebi iintlanzi ehlabathini. Ongalawulekiyo Ukuganga lwahlala iinkulungwane: kwinkulungwane XIX abemi besiqithi Newfoundland liye landa ukusuka 19 ukuya 220 amawaka ngenxa abahla-, ngubani waphupha ukwenza yokuloba kunye whaling.

Kwezenkolo baye baqala ukukhalisa isivusi kwasekuqaleni-1970, kodwa amanyathelo ngqwabalala Government of Canada uye kuphela ngo-1992 waza waqalisa ugunyaziso lomiselo ekulobeni. Kweli nqanaba, leenqanawa zokuloba phantse onke amazwe aseYurophu othathe lokubandezeleka cod. Unqunyanyiso ibetheke uqoqosho kunye nentlalo-ntle yabemi. Ngexesha elifutshane isiqithi ushiye abantu abangaphezulu kwama-60,000.

Kwafuneka ukuba sijonge ezinye iindlela yomsebenzi. imisebenzi yemigodi enomfutho: kwi siqithi kukho ngentsimbi, ubhedu kunye zinc ore. Eolini evelisa okusila yintlama kude nonxweme zavuleka, ngesantya yokuzenzela ukhenketho. Ukususela ngo-2006, inani labemi zahluma kwakhona, ebonisa ukufunyanwa uqoqosho lwengingqi.

Newfoundland - ngothando

Okokuqala bonke ukukhankanywa Newfoundland qatha engqondweni sisiqithi ngobuhle bayo yonke, yaye inkulu inja entle natured ekhayeni lakhe uthathwa ukuba ilizwe ezinzima. bevela phi evela apha, akwaziwa. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, zohlobo yaba sisiphumo kweenkomo izinja kunye nezinja amaIndiya Norman. Ngokutsho kwenye - izilwanyana eziziswe baseYurophu, yaye kwakukho eliweni, abameli apho wambi ekubhekiswa ziimfundiso kweemeko ekwanti wesiqithi. Ngokutsho legend zasekuhlaleni, black dog shaggy - isiphumo ukuthandana phakathi inja kunye otter. Kungenxa yoko le nto Newfoundland omkhulu ukudada, emanzini, abe uboya amanzi angangeni, kwaye odumileyo "Yibambe ngomsila otter."

Ezinye iingcali inja, Noko ke, bathi ukuba soqobo ibinaso amawa amabini kwi siqithi. Lokuqala - i izinja enamandla omnyama, musa iyahluka ukusuka Newfoundland yanamhlanje. Baye zinyuswe a neenqwelo amancinci enamavili amabini, yaye waba uhlobo lwesithuthi. Olunye uhlobo, eSt kaYohane - i "izinja amanzi" cishe, ngubani uqubha iiyure, engazi yindinisa yani, wanceda nabalobi kume iminatha kunye abazingeli ibhere lixhoba longxwelerhiweyo. Kukholelwa ukuba aba izinja iminyanya retrievers zanamhlanje ethandwayo.

Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa isipho kuluntu isiqithi Newfoundland libaluleke ngaphezu iidayimani eMzantsi Afrika okanye Klondike igolide. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuthelekisa ilitye soulless okanye yentsimbi echwayitileyo kwaye zisetyenziswa umhlobo wam, lowo iminyaka emininzi ukhonza ngokuthembeka ndoda?