Xa kwakukho iincwadi Old Russian, yaye ngoba?

Umbuzo xa kwakukho iincwadi Old Russian, ukunakekela namhlanje bonke abo banomdla kwimbali nenkcubeko lwelizwe lethu. Siza kuzama ukunika impendulo olubanzi kuyo.

Yintoni uncwadi Old Russian?

iincwadi Old Russian ebizwa amangcwaba nokubhala Kievan Rus ', owayebonakele eqongeni yokuveliswa imeko eMpuma nokuxubana, ekuthiwa Kievan Rus. ixesha Old kwimbali iincwadi Russian, ngokutsho kwezinye iincwadi, iphela ngo-1237 (ngexesha eyonakalisayo Tatar ukuhlaselwa), ngokutsho kwezinye iincwadi, uyaqhubeka eminye iminyaka 400 yaye iphela Renaissance Moscow State emva Bexesha Iingxaki.

Noko ke, ngaphezulu luguqulelo yokuqala, nto leyo echaza ngenxalenye xa kutheni i iincwadi Old Russian.

Nakowuphi na umzekelo, oku kubonisa ukuba ookhokho bethu ukuba bafikelele kwinqanaba enjalo zophuhliso lwentlalo, xa zingasekho wanelisekile of lwemveli kwaye kufuneka iintlobo ezintsha - uncwadi hagiographic, neentshumayelo, kunye Miscellany "magama".

Xa kwakukho iincwadi Old Russian: imbali kwaye imiba engundoqo

Umhla ngqo kokubhalwa imisebenzi yokuqala kwimbali yamandulo apho, kodwa ekuqaleni lokufunda nokubhala eRashiya iye ngokwemveli yanxulunyaniswa iziganeko ezibini. Lokuqala - ukuvela kwilizwe lethu ziimonki Orthodox - uCyril Methodius owadala oonobumba Glagolitic, yaye kamva isicelo imigudu yabo ekudaleni oonobumba Cyrillic. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuguqulela izicatshulwa zonqulo lamaKristu kuBukhosi baseByzantium ngolwimi Old Slavonic.

Isiganeko sesibini engundoqo yaba yeyobuKristu sezibhaliwe eRashiya, nto leyo eye wavumela ukuba ilizwe lethu ukuba basebenzisane ngokusondeleyo amaGrike - ke ngoko abathwali ubulumko nokwazi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umbuzo wokuba ingaba, koko kunyaka apho iincwadi Old Russian, ayikwazi iphendulwe noko, nangenxa yokuba kukho inani elikhulu ezikhumbuzo lokufunda nokubhala yamandulo baye balahlekelwa ngenxa eyonakalisayo ukubola zeedyokhwe, inkoliso yabo utshiswe kwimililo ezininzi ziye kwilizwe begazi mbuya lethu .

Le zodumo yamandulo Russia nokubhala

Ukuphendula umbuzo malunga xa kwakukho iincwadi Old Russian, asimele silibale ukuba imisebenzi yalo ixesha umgangatho olude ophezulu ukugqwesa zoncwadi. Omnye odumileyo "uLizwi" iphulo Prince Igor ukuba Polovtsy endiwazuze kuphela.

Nangona iimeko emibi nembali, le ezikhumbuzo zilandelayo ziye basinda.

Ngokufutshane dwelisa abo ezingundoqo:

1. Laurentian Chronicle.
2. Ostrom ivangeli.
3. ingqokelela yezinto ezininzi yayisetyenziselwa.
4. Ubomi ingqokelela (umz, ingqokelela kubomi yokuqala engcwele Russian of Lavra).
5. "Dyondzo Umthetho Grace" Hilarion.
6. The Life of Boris kunye Gleb.
7. Ukufunda malunga Boris kunye Gleb.
8. "Tale of adlulileyo Years".
9. "Eyokuqiqa ka Prince Vladimir, uWele Monomakh".
10. "Wabekeleni."
11. "Legend of ilizwe Russian ukufa."

Ubalo of the Old Russian incwadi-learning

isiko elibhaliweyo yamandulo Expert, Academician DS Likhachev noogxa yakhe ibonisa ukuba impendulo yombuzo xa kwakukho iincwadi Old Russian ukuba kufunyanwa amangcwaba lokuqala Russian incwadi-learning.

Ngokwala yemihla, kwilizwe lethu ngenkulungwane ye-10, kuqala kwavela imisebenzi yaguqulelwa isuka kwisiGrike. Ngaxeshanye, ngexesha elifanayo lwemveli wadala Iitekisi ezinika ngamabali yokusebenza Svyatoslav Igorevich kunye epics malunga Prince Vladimir.

Kule kubulela Ngenkulungwane ye-11 ukuya umsebenzi Metropolitan Ilarion zaye zabhalwa imisebenzi zoncwadi. Umzekelo, lo ngowona sele kukhankanyiwe "Ntshumayelo Umthetho Grace", inkcazelo zokwamkelwa ubuKristu ngabantu Russian kunye nabanye. Kwinkulungwane efanayo imibhalo yokuqala Miscellany, kwakunye nobomi imibhalo yokuqala Boris kunye Gleb zadalwa, babulawa feuds njengenkosana, kamva lamiselwa.

Ngenkulungwane ye-12 kubhaliwe kwathiwa imisebenzi yokuqala wombhali abaliswayo malunga uBomi uTheodosius, umphathi Pechersky, uBomi kwezinye abangcwele belizwe Russian. Ngelo xesha linye kwisicatshulwa ekuthiwa ezilungileyo Galitsky, isithethi Russian Kirillom Turovskim mzekeliso ebhaliweyo abanetalente yasungulwa kwaye "lizwi." Iminyaka yobudala efanayo lisukela emva kokudalwa kombhalo "Wabekeleni". Ngelo xesha, waza wapapasha inani elikhulu imisebenzi yaguqulelwa, weza evela Byzantium iphethe isiseko zombini abangamaKristu nobulumko zawo.

Ngoko ke, kunokwenzeka ukuba aphendule cala umbuzo oko leminyaka wavela iincwadi Old Russian: Kwathi kwinkulungwane ye-10 kunye ne-ukuvela Slavic Literature kunye nokudalwa Kievan Rus 'njengelizwe emanyeneyo.