Womzobo "Breakfast intshisakalo" Fedorov. Inkcazelo womfanekiso

Ahlekisayo uvuthondaba ziyathandwa kubomi bethu. Umnqweno ukuba ahlekise umntu (as in okulungileyo ngobubi, ngendlela yokugxeka) sizalwa phantse nabani. Art kungekho ngaphandle. Iimbongi, ababhali, amagcisa kunye nabameli bamanye imisebenzi creative sinikele ingqalelo ejikeleza engenangqondo ezitenxileyo, ukuba unako ukwenza imibala ezintsha kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ukufaneleka izisusa ezifana kwenzeka kubomi benkcubeko yoluntu kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo.

In womzobo Russian satirical ithatha indawo ekhethekileyo Pavel Andreevich fedotov. "Breakfast intshisakalo" - umfanekiso, esikwaziwa phantsi kwegama yombhali "hayi kwixesha undwendwe", nto leyo yenye imisebenzi edume kakhulu futhi selo ngumzobi.

Ubomi nokwenzeka wegcisa

Pavel Andreevich fedotov wazalwa ngo Juni 22 (Julayi 4) ngo-1815 eMoscow. Uyise wayeligosa umhlala phantsi waza waba eMoscow kwibhunga nondiliseko. Ngowe-1826, uPawulos waba ngumfundi le Moscow yeCadet lweSizwe, waphumelela iimbeko, waza wakhonza iminyaka 10 eSt Petersburg Finland webutho. Ngelo xesha yena inxaxheba umzobo udidi Academy of Arts yaye kungekudala waba owayesaziwa kwizangqa emxinwa ngenxa italente yakhe kwaye asakhulayo ukusuka phantsi ibrashi yakhe imizobo uhlobo regimental, imibhalo ephicothayo neyolisayo, imizobo zothando, kwakunye enemifanekiso yabantu amanye amajoni. Umsebenzi wakhe uye ifumene ukuvunywa amanye amajoni nje kuphela, kodwa usapho soMhlekazi, ingakumbi yindlalifa etroneni, Grand Duke Alexander Nikolaevich. Ngokukodwa Imizobo ezimbini zabhalwa umyalelo wakhe.

Emva kokuphumelela ngo-1844, le nkonzo, fedotov wagqiba ekubeni azinikele ekubhaleni yaye waqhubeka ukutyelela Academy, ezizezi udidi ukupeyinta edabini. Kodwa yena andinamdla kuye, yaye kungekudala igcisa bafudukela kufutshane umsebenzi uhlobo, ababizele kuye kungekuphela nje imifanekiso yokuziphatha-ezibalulekileyo ebomini mihla, eziquka womzobo "Breakfast intshisakalo", ebhalwe ngo-1850. Kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambili, ngowe-1848, yena ubonisa umsebenzi wakhe uKarl Pavlovich Briullov, akubekileyo kuzo amanqaku aphezulu kakhulu lixhasa fedotov.

Enomphefumlo wayo elifutshane, uPawulos A. wadala imizobo eziye imizekelo lohlobo ukupeyinta, kunye bahlekisa yonke kakuhle ubomi kwezakhi wawuyinyhweba kuluntu lwanamhlanje. Wafa 14 (26) ngoNovemba 1852 ekliniki ukuba ugula ngengqondo emva exacerbation lwesifo sengqondo waza wangcwatyelwa ESmolensk kumangcwaba eSt Petersburg.

Creativity Pavel fedotov

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, uhlobo engundoqo imisebenzi yi wegcisa waba indlu. Ngo-1846 waqalisa ukuba bagqwese ubuchule kumzobo oyile kule esebenza ngayo inkqubo yemizobo "Le Cavalier entsha." Emva konyaka, uPawulos A. waziqaba "umtshakazi choosy", apho ke ulifumene isihloko Academician, kwaye ekwindla 1848 wabona ukukhanya womzobo "sisathandana Major", nto leyo wamsa kwindawo yokuqala phakathi zasekhaya imifanekiso amagcisa.

Ngowe-1850 (Februwari ukuya kuCanzibe) fedotov waba e Moscow, apho womzobo "intshisakalo Breakfast" sele lugqityiwe, umsebenzi eyaqala eSt Petersburg. Kamva wabhala ngelaphu "womhlolokazi", licebo elo waphefumlelwa kokufa komyeni wakhe dade njengomzobi. Owokugqibela imisebenzi yakhe "Encore, Encore!" Yaye "Abadlali". Emva koko, impilo akavumelekanga ukuba ukusebenza kuyo, kodwa into yokuba zadalwa, ushiye uphawu yayo kwimbali yokudweba Russian.

History of indalo

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, ngowe-1850 igcisa izidanga ukusuka kwenye ngemizobo yakhe edumileyo "Breakfast intshisakalo." Womzobo Fedotova, ebhalwe emveni kokuba impumelelo oqaqambileyo "sisathandana Major", waphefumlelwa satires, umbhali igama wahlala ayaziwa (wavele, kwakunjalo ngoko umbhali oselula Ivan Goncharov): "Ukuba uzama ngempazamo kufika kubantu abanjalo ekhaya wabafumana kusimangalise? "ndathi kufutshane kakhulu umzobi, kwaye lula kakhulu ukuphumeza ngokupheleleyo le ngxelo. Nangona kunjalo, lo ngumzobi akazange bawela esilingweni, ayithimbe mzuzu eyandulela kuyo.

Yintoni sibona emfanekisweni?

Alithandabuzeki elokuba, uhlalutyo ufanelwe oko kuboniswe ngenye Imizobo ezaziwa kakhulu, nto leyo UPawulos wabhala fedotov, "Breakfast of an intshisakalo." Inkcazelo umfanekiso imibala ezininzi ocacileyo kunxibelelana nento umzobi ethwele ngokusebenzisa ubuchule babo. It ukugculela ezimbi zabantu bonke kubonakaliswa zabo.

Xa sijonga le ukupeyinta, sibona eliselula lakomkhulu, watyhwatyhwa layigubungela intendana yesonka abamnyama, nto leyo zonke nangomnikelo wakhe kusasa, xa isandi umhlaseli iinyawo. An wegcisa zonke iinkcukacha olungqonge uTshawe ukhutshwa layout: ibhokisi evela phantsi kumgangatho eprintiweyo amakhadi phantsi kwetafile, akhombe ku gembula; ufihla incwadi isidlo elula, apho omnye nobuhle ngexesha kweenoveli ashicilelwe; iipowusta Advertising kunye iimbatyisi yokusebenza oxwlwa ibekwe izitulo (kotyelelo lokugqibela yaba yokuzonwabisa baphiwe kulutsha wempangelo ixesha); dandified Ingubo lokunxibela, athungwe kwi oyile Paris yakutshanje.

Kodwa element eyona imazwi maninzi, leyo kugqitywa inkcazelo picture Fedotova "Breakfast intshisakalo" - engenanto ngokupheleleyo waza wajika ngaphakathi ngaphandle engxoweni. Wegcisa ngendlela yakhe luphawu ihlekisa ngoko wayebathanda nezihloko ezazihambisana: amampunge yabantu, amampunge, ubomi ubukhazikhazi, uzifihle ngenyameko phantsi imaski zentlupheko yoVandlakanyo intlalo-ntle kunye ukhanye. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba luvezwe kwi ngelaphu waba okufana xesha, loo nto bashiye ukuthandabuza malunga ukubaluleka ibali, leyo wajika fedotov.

imisebenzi nxi

Okwangoku, ekupeyinteni "intshisakalo Breakfast", kunye neminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yi umzobi, ifumaneka e Moscow, kwiNtetho Tretyakov Gallery e Lavrushinsky Lane. Ngelo xesha, uPavel Tretyakov, umseki imyuziyam, yakwazi ukuba ukuqokelela eminye imisebenzi ezinqabileyo graphic kwexesha yokuqala bobuchule fedotov. Namhlanje, zigcinwe yeengqokelela kwigalari, kodwa hayi kuboniswa kule myuziyam. Imizobo, ivaleleke ibandla kuphela kamva, inxalenye mboniso osisigxina. Kulo mfanekiso "Breakfast intshisakalo", nto leyo yaba umxholo weli nqaku, kwakunye imizobo "sisathandana Major", omnye iikopi yombhali "womhlolokazi", "Cavalier Fresh" yaye "ukuvakala nomtshakazi."

indalo Value Paul fedotov in umzobo Russian

Ukubaluleka lokubonakala kwimisebenzi yakhe, umzobi, kunzima ukuba zazi. Ubizwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokuba ngunozala olu hlobo kubugcisa bezinto ezibonakalayo nje ngokoqobo ezibalulekileyo. Xa inkqubo yophuhliso yokuyila oko yinqobo kuye ekuqaleni ziyimfumba iingoma a lot of iinxalenye ndafudukela ngendlela elula kakhulu nezendalo. Imizobo yakhe ngokuqinileyo kwi vutshila uhlobo olutsha lwemizobo satirical kunye imibala kazwelonke, esalinikwayo komhlaba umsebenzi amanye amagcisa abaselula.