Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky: engobomi, nokucinga. ngokrolo yeTabhore

Ishedyuli yokuqala yesikolo eMoscow - Favorskiy Vladimir Andreevich. Biography wegcisa kuquka na ubuchule kuphela, kodwa kananjalo ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, yaye umsebenzi wemibhalo eliqela theoretical, kunye nemisebenzi nokufundisa. Kodwa kuqala kwabo bonke yaziwa njenge umzobi ncwadi. Abaninzi kwempazamo ingqalelo imizobo yakhe imisebenzi William Shakespeare kunye S. Ya. Marshaka.

ulutsha

Sinokuthi kweTabhore wayeza zokudibanisa ubomi babo art njengoko ezihlangwini sesiko lasekhaya. Amagcisa baba uyisemkhulu, unina omkhulu-makhulu. Umzobi omkhulu Russian wazalwa ngo-1886 eMoscow. ukubukela rhoqo njengoko umama sisondela, yena ndayithabatha ibrashi neepensile. Ekuqaleni ukupeyinta wabonwa nguye njengexesha elungileyo - hayi ngaphezulu. Kodwa engena ehlabathini wobugcisa, yaseTabhore wahlala apha ngonaphakade, yaye waphuma waya qhoboshela kuyo kubantu abaninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Yena waqala ukusebenza njenge opeyintayo, nolindelo phezulu. Kodwa kamva Ndakhetha kwimizobo njengoko abantu esikufutshane ifomu zobugcisa.

artist Childhood, eyayibanjelwe kwisangqa lentsapho onothando, iye evinjwa maxangu. usapho ekhawulezileyo - amagcisa, abayili, abakroli, - negalelo ekubeni umdla kubugcisa luqina. Kwaye xa kufika ixesha lokuba aye esikolweni, ukongeza kwimfundo esisiseko, kwagqitywa ukuthumela inkwenkwe esikolweni zobugcisa yabucala K. F. Yuona.

ekufundeni

Ngelo xesha ngotyelelo esikolweni Juon inkwenkwe batyelela iiklasi ngokuhlwa kwiSikolo Stroganov. Emva kokugqiba kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, waya eMunich waza wamkelwa kwi-Faculty of Economics, kodwa kungekudala ndaqonda ukuba neze umsebenzi wakhe. Ngowe-1906, umfana uya kwisikolo sabucala, eyayikhokelwa wegcisa Hungarian kwinzala Armenian Simon Hollósy. Lo titshala Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky uya kusoloko ukukhumbula ngumbulelo njengoko omnye wootitshala ozithandayo. Akuthandabuzeki ukuba waba nempembelelo enkulu ekuphuhliseni italente entsha kwaye ukuyilwa imigaqo lakhe.

University of Munich, phakathi yaseTabhore akazange anikezele ephulaphula kuyo ikhosi ye-kwimbali zobugcisa. Ngowe-1907 wabuyela eRashiya yaye waqhubeka nemfundo Art kunye neYunivesithi yase eMoscow.

domesticity

Kunyaka ophelileyo kule yunivesithi, ngo-1812, Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky watshata uMariya Derviz, intombazana ebukekayo kunye umlinganiswa eliphilileyo, kwezinye zonke ezintle kwakhona igcisa ethembisayo. Phakathi izalamane lakhe Valentin Serov, ngubani Ziyakhuthazwa ngamandla uMariya ukuqaleka art. Wafunda ukupeyinta eSt Petersburg eFransi. E Moscow, kwakunye indoda elizayo, Juon wayengumfundi, kwaye ngoko ke School of Umzobo, Umfanekiso Architecture. UMariya akazange umiselwe ukuba abe igcisa enkulu, kodwa le ndaba kukuba iimeko zobomi, akukho ukungabi kwetalente. Phezu kwako nje oku de ekupheleni kwemihla, waba umhlobo kunye ngumncedi nomyeni wakhe. Minyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe wasebenza le nkumbulo, wabulela apho abaphandi yaseTabhore bakwazi ukubuyisela ezinye amaphepha ngobomi bakhe.

Umzobi waba nabantwana abathathu: oonyana ababini, Nikita kunye Ivan, kunye nentombi Maria. Zombini abazalwana baya kukhonza ngaphambili, xa Enkulu Patriotic War. Senior wafa ngomnyaka wokuqala imfazwe, Omnci akazange aphile kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuphela. NoMaria Vladimirovna umzobi yodongwe kunye nomgcini-akhayivi entsapho.

ekuvuthweni le womzobi

Emva kokuphumelela Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky owenza umsebenzi wokufundisa yaye basebenza kwi ngobhalo zobugcisa. Ukususela ekuqalekeni World Okokuqala, aye phambili ngokusebenzisa yonke imfazwe. E Moscow, wabuya ngowe-1918 kunye isikhundla kwibhanile. Emva kokuba umkhosi, yena ngokukhawuleza inxaxheba kubomi bezobugcisa eyinkunzi.

Umzobi waqala ukufundisa. Ngowe-1920 waba owayephethe kwelinye lamasebe Higher Art and Technical Studios (VHUTEMAS), ifundisa abafundi ngokrolo kunye woodcuts. Ngowe-1923 waba Umphathi Art Workshops. YaseTabhore waqalisa ukusebenza ngomhla kuyilo lweencwadi ze Pushkin kunye Tolstoy, yaye ukususela ngoku kwi imizobo incwadi iya isiba yenye yezona meko ibalulekileyo ebomini bakhe.

Kwangaxeshanye, wanxibelelana ngokusondeleyo ne-sobulumko P. A. Florenskim. Intsebenziswano, inkxaso ubuhlobo kunye nomini uphawu, nithi kubo bobabini. Kwizikhundla ezininzi theoretical wegcisa kungabonwa impembelelo Florensky. Kunye ke aba, ubugcisa Ekhohlo Front (yikhohlo). Ngenxa kwayo iinkolelo yokomoya ekuqaleni kwiqela yabo enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda baqamba 'lokuyila eyimfihlakalo. "

Ekupheleni kuka-1930 umzobi delves ngakumbi le ngobhalo zobugcisa. Yena amanqaku kunye neengxelo ukubhala, kwaye ufundisa kwi Russian National Academy of Arts. Uthe waqinisela ukuyenza le ngentlabo, imizekelo yoyilo iincwadi, uyasebenzisana kunye Moscow Art Theatre. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso eVenice Paris.

inkosi aqolileyo wangena 40 yeTabhore. Umculi amkelwa kunye nethuba lokuba ukusebenza kwi-odolo ezininzi umdla. Isakhono lisaqhubeka ukukhula, ubuchwepheshe ngcono. nzulu aziwa ngayo imifanekiso kunye stroke novakalelo.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Kwiminyaka yakhe ekunqabeni igcisa uvuna iziqhamo obungasifanelanga yezenzo zakhe. Ngowe-1956, waba Artist abazukileyo RSFSR, ngo-1959 - Artist Abantu ngayo RSFSR, kwaye ngo-1963 - Artist Abantu ngayo USSR. Nsati iimbasa zegolide kwimiboniso yezizwe ngezizwe eBrussels, Leipzig kunye Sao Paulo. Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1962 yaseTabhore wawongwa ngeMbasa Lenin for impumelelo yakhe mzekeliso. Oku akuthethi ukuba mculi kuphumla umxakatho yakhe - liqhubela phambili uthotho imizobo, kushicilelwa, osebenza nokupeyinta. Ihloniphekile master igcisa wafa ekupheleni kuka-1963. engcwabeni lakhe eMoscow kwi Novodevichy Amangcwaba.

imibono senkolelo

YaseTabhore kuphuhliswa ngononophelo kwaye iyile inkqubo theoretical component. Ingcinga kwakheka iintetho uProfesa ukufunda kubafundi bakhe. Nabo, waqalisa ukuba bayile kwaye systematization ngombono wakhe art. Ngenxa yoko ozelwe ethi "Ngomhla Art le ncwadi, malunga ngentlabo," "Iintlobo bomgca nolwalamano wayo mzekeliso befonti", "Izifundo ngemfundiso zesakhiwo." Baya enjengeTabhore wathetha inkqubo yentsebenziswano kunye ifomu kunye ngobuwena yalo moya. Ithatyathwa imigca kwisifundo ukuchazwa, indima moya ukupeyinta nokuzoba. uhlobo ngalunye kumphezulu umzobi zobumnini ingoma yakhe, yaye "Fine".

Ngayo nantoni na inkalo bobuchule okanye waqiqa yeTabhore, simbonono wakhalisa ingcamango yokuba imveliso abaci yeencindi kufuneka awanakususwa kwaye elungeleleneyo. Roll nakweliphina icala ibangela deformation kwaye ikhokelela ukonakala kwazo zobugcisa. Ubuchule kufuneka idolo, ukususela ingcamango inyaniso alohlukaniswa ingcamango ubuhle. Aesthetization babi ngenxa yobugcisa zingamkeleki.

yemizobo Book

YaseTabhore iye Kudla ngokuthiwa oko akubonisi imveliso kwaye kudala incwadi. Wayesoloko wasondela ingxaki ngendlela entsonkothileyo, ukwenza imifanekiso kuphela, kodwa ukukhetha kwakhona i ifonti, ubungakanani, umzekelo, inani. Konke oku kufuneka ixhomekeke ehlaziya eqhelekileyo zobugcisa. Isingqisho padding, imida kunye umhlathi kufuneka zingqinelane kwisingqi lo mfanekiso. Xa yaseTabhore yena ekhokelwa kuphela intuition zabo zobugcisa, kodwa wayama ngamava kudala kunye Renaissance. Wasungula nomqondo onjalo njenge "izakhiwo ethi" - inzululwazi ukulingana nangokuvumelana kwanangamacandelo alo.

imveliso ngamnye kweTabhore wafumana indlela yabo. Ukwenza "Wabekeleni" waphefumlelwa iincwadi zamandulo Russian. Ngezihombo neeleta adlulisele umfundi ukuba umbhalo endala. Imizekeliso for "Ziintlekele Little" Pushkin kakhulu ebanzi, ingqalelo iinkcukacha. Heroes engumkhenkce ku eyingozi kumabala emidlalo kwaye abe uphawu ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo: ukunyoluka, intlungu, umsindo, uloyiko. Xa lo mfanekiso ukuze Gogol kaThixo "Shponka" kuvela izidalwa fantastic abangaqhelekanga: izinambuzane ngxilimbela, abantu ntaka-intloko. uluhlu Visual zongeza kuphela itekisi, kodwa lisebenza umsebenzi eyahlukileyo zobugcisa ezinokunika ukutya ingcamango. Enye imisebenzi umbhali abaqolileyo - ". UEva uNyaka Omtsha" imizekeliso ku S. uMsindisi indlela kwabo isuke yi ibali ezinkulu zomsebenzi. Nezibalo ebukhali, ngqindilili, nabanamandla. Umculi udlala nangokuzithemba ekwakhiweni, lo gama usoloko efuna result ogqibeleleyo. Umbhalo yeTabhore wafumana abalandeli kwaye nangoku ababazi zobuciko.

Umzobi wazekelisa Pushkin, Shakespeare, Tolstoy, wabe, Gogol, Merimee, Burns, yaye oku uluhlu olupheleleyo imisebenzi yakhe. Yenzelwe nje uncwadi abadala yeTabhore, aphinde wasebenza ngokusondeleyo ukuyishicilela Detgiz. Umzekeliso umbongo "Ukuba abantwana behlabathi lonke ..." Zininzi iincwadi zezifundo eziqhelekileyo. amakhwenkwe bengenambadada esezweni ukuhleka futhi ukubaleka ngeenxa emadlelweni, unandipha ubomi ngoxolo. Wonke umntwana Soviet mhlawumbi bafunde yingqokelela Marshak, apho kwakukho umzekeliso wombongo "nangobetho mustachioed yaye" kunye lintshontsho olweyeliselayo.

Ezinye iintlobo zobugcisa

Isakhelo elinye uhlobo zobugcisa baba ngokusondeleyo ngenxa Vladimir Andreyevich. Nguye odumileyo kuphela imifanekiso ncwadi. Kwisiqingatha sesibini-40 yaseTabhore iziporo "iinjengele Enkulu Russian," apho eni abantu abaziwayo eziqulathwe ubuhle kunye namandla Russia. Omnye imisebenzi yakhe emihle - umzobo F. M. Dostoevskogo. Umbhali esibi kwaye ugxile livela phambi kokuba ababukeli. Umculi ayithethi bamthomalalisa, akuthethi uhombise yokwenene, ubuqili, uthumela nentshiseko. Kodwa ke nani wayengaphakamanga Dostoevsky kungcatsha ixhala phezu kwabantu Russian, uthando lizwe kunye namandla obalaseleyo ingcamango.

A ubuchule oluthandayo wegcisa yaba anemifanekiso kunye neenkuni ngentlabo, kodwa yatsala yena linocut. "Umjikelo Samarkand" Inomtsalane wadalelwa le ndlela. Ukuqalisa ukusebenza njenge opeyintayo, yaseTabhore ubomi ngamaxesha wasiphakamisa brush. negunya lakhe bobabo zayimosaic "1905". Wafunda Umfanekiso kunye nokupeyinta omkhulu. Ukongeza, igcisa ezisebenze ngayo kunye zemiboniso - benza imizobo ukusebenza kunye nesinxibo, kwakunye umfana, nkqu oonodoli ngeplanga adlale zabantwana. Ngokuba konke sathathwa Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky, konke kwenziwa luthando kunye nobuchule olukhulu. Kodwa kwimemori izizukulwana zexa elizayo, waba kuqala evelele graphic okanye mzobi amthandayo.