El Greco. Imifanekiso: History kunye nenkcazo

Enye iinkosi ezimbalwa ubudala, nto leyo namhlanje ithandwa kakhulu - oko El Greco. Imizobo akhe bazingca lwendawo phakathi imisebenzi abaculi abaziwayo. Ubuciko ngu El Greco bayinqule abaninzi ababephila ngexesha lakhe, yaye emva kokufa ncam wabonakala kubalandeli abaninzi abaye bathatha ubuchule ngomzobi abanetalente.

EKrete, okanye indalo lwemizobo zenkolo

El Greco wazalelwa eKrete. Le piece wayevela isityebi xhaxhe Venice "ubukhosi." Wabaphathi beli amandla yaba nzise isigqila balapha. Baba nomdla Greek Church Orthodox. ngabapeyinti icon yaseByzantium saseKrete ukuba ukuseka Imizobo zonqulo zesithethe style lamaByzantine.

Xa eneminyaka emashumi mabini anantlanu iminyaka El Greco yaqala ngenxa yokusekwa imifanekiso esibingelelweni. ngabapeyinti Cretan waboleka indlela iinkosi Italian. Ngoko kwakukho elingumxube isimbo lwamaGrike yelo xesha, njengoko kuboniswe kumsebenzi wokuqala El namaRoma. Le icon yonakele ebandleni kwisiqithi Kenneth. Lo mzobo kokufa Virgin Mary. Kodwa saseKrete yayincinane, kwaye amabhongo wegcisa baba enkulu. Imizobo El Greco kaThixo apho, ngokwembono yakhe, kuba wayeza kukwazi ukuba uthandwa kwilizwe lakhe, wagqiba kwelokuba ashiye siqithi.

Xesha ebomini nobuchule e Venice

Wafudukela eVenice ngowe-1567 kwaye kwaqalisa uphuhliso izinto Renaissance womzobo. Phakathi imisebenzi yakhe intle eli xesha - "uKristu ephilisa iimfama." Lo mxholo waba othandwa kakhulu ngexesha Counter-koHlaziyo, ngokuba ephilisa yimfama luphawu ukholo lokwenene ngokwesityhilelo. The Catholic Church wazama kunokukuhlaziya yalo yangaphambili, ukudala intshukumo ebizwa uHlaziyo. Kwaye El Greco, njengendoda zonqulo, iye yaba ngegcisa elinye anempembelelo esi sicwangciso.

Ukhe wahlala eVenice iminyaka emithathu, inkosi waya ngasemzantsi - embindini yamaKatolika kunye nenkcubeko yamandulo (Rome), apho asebenza ukususela 1570 ukuya kwiminyaka 1576. Wafika ephethe ileta yoncomelo evela miniaturist Croatian Dzhulio Klovio ukuba balinqabisa naye kwelo gumbi ukuze baphile baze basebenze kwibhotwe Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, ngubani umxhasi ityebileyo kunye nempembelelo zonke eRoma.

umsebenzi abangaphumelelanga eRoma, okanye ukugxeka kaMichelangelo

Kakade, esi sixeko wenze bayilibale El Greco. Le mizobo, awawubhalayo ngeli xesha - portraits ukuya, imizobo ezincinane semithandazo eqingqiweyo wadala ukuba abathengi eziphezulu. Yena unkabi luck yaye ulawule ukuba uthole imali. Kodwa esinye sezizathu zokuba El Greco sele bengekafiki ukuthandwa eRoma wafumana abathengi ebalulekileyo - ke ukugxekwa yakhe kaMichelangelo, ngubani indoda wayehlonelwa kule dolophu.

Ngowe-1576, El Greco kwakhona enqanaweni uhambo. Wagqiba kwelokuba bafudukele eSpeyin, kwaye babe kwinkonzo kaKumkani uPhilip II. I iCawa kwinkundla yakomkhulu umxhasi yelizwe ubugcisa. Esi sixeko apho kuhlala El lwesi - Toledo. Apho ke wahlala de kwasekufeni kwakhe.

Esi sixeko, elisuke laba yokusabela yokugqibela wegcisa

Xa igcisa wafika eSpeyin, wayeneminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesithandathu. Toledo yaba liziko lenkcubeko eli lizwe, yaye kungekudala El Greco ndaziva ekhaya. Oko ngeli xesha isixeko yakhiwe ngokupheleleyo. izitrato banzi, izakhiwo ezitsha kwakhiwa, eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi kuzo yaba Cathedral. Kwaye ke umyalelo wokuqala wegcisa ifunyenwe apha. Lo ngelaphu luzayo "ukususa impahla kunye noKristu." Nguwo lo wobugcisa wokuqala El namaRoma.

Imifanekiso ekugqibeleni abe ethandwayo. Ngaphezu koko, igcisa ufumana indlela yakhe. Imifanekiso ezi ngxelo nje kuphela kodwa linamandla. El Greco uchola imibala ecacileyo. Waba nethamsanqa, yaye waba umthengi enkulu yokuqala, waza ke umsebenzi wakhe kwatsala ingqalelo yokumkani.

Umsebenzi ebhalwe ukuze Philip

Yintoni uFilipu wabhalela El Greco ngayo imizobo? Inkcazelo kweendlela zobuchule kwakhona ukunazisa ukuba umzobi wayethunywe ukudala umfanekiso kwesibingelelo ngokuba "baza kubulawelwa of St. Maurice." Emazantsi mfanekiso uyakwazi ukubona abaninzi Mauritius, bambethe ilinen isikrweqe eluhlaza kuxoxwe kunye namajoni ithuba ekulweni. Kodwa ke kulindeleke neembila zithutha ngenye indlela.

Kwicala lasekhohlo ngelaphu somboniseli kwakhona ubona umlinganiswa ophambili ujonge okwenzekayo, ngoko oko kunto-nye, kodwa ze igotywe emthandazweni, yaye ekugqibeleni intloko. Ngoko nangoko okuphawuleka kangakanani eyomeleleyo yaba nempembelelo iinkosi yelo El Greco. Kodwa uPhilip II akazange athathe eli umfanekiso umfanekiso ingcamango isibingelelo, kodwa balifaka kwingqokelela wakhe ngasese.

Ubuchule El Greco, okanye imizobo ukuba Izindlwana amancinci

Xa eneminyaka engamashumi amane anambini, igcisa endaphathiswa yokubhala web iicawa amancinane enzelwe. Kodwa kuthekani ukuba abaseleyo mizobo yi El Greco, kunye namagama abaziqhelileyo nezithandane ezininzi zobugcisa? Kungenxa kule xesha, yaye zadalwa yi imisebenzi edume ngumzobi - "kwesidumbu Count Orgaz". Yaba umnumzana owayephila kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesine. Ngexesha emngcwabeni wakhe, ummangaliso eyenzekayo: iSt Stephen Augustine wehla evela ezulwini, akafanga etyeyeni. Kwaye ngaye nje wobugcisa ibonisa ibali.

Thina zihlolwa ngokufutshane ibhayografi le abanamakhono El namaRoma. Imizobo zakhe ngamaxesha yebhongo kakhulu nomxholo. Akukho nto emsebenzini wakhe, bafumana kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, kwanefuthe amagcisa yexesha. Kwaye namhlanje le ndoda ingqalelo enye zabazobi inkulu isikali yehlabathi.