Leishmaniasis kwizilwanyana: Iimpawu, diagnosis and Treatment

Leishmaniasis sisifo esosulelayo zezilwanyana okubangelwa kukuvela kwemeko sisidleleli intracellular. Le parasite kwe sodidi Leishmania kudluliselwa neengcongconi. Ukusasazeka kwesifo igalelo kuzo zombini ezincancisayo zasekhaya nezasendle. Leishmaniasis inokuba visceral okanye cutaneous.

umyalezo weimeyile

Umjikelo wobomi sisidleleli lwenzeka kunye ukutshintsha zabamnini: eziziivethebreyithi, kuquka abantu, kunye nophethe - le ingcongconi. iintlobo Leishmania kwenzeka 2 - flagellated parasitizing olawulo izinambuzane igazi-owanyayo kunye bezzhgutikovaya - macrophage eziseleni host.

OluHanjiswa leishmaniasis izilwanyana yi ikakhulu ngokwasendalweni apha. Kulo mzekelo, uninzi amatyala ezibhaliswe kumazwe asaphuhlayo. Kumazwe-32, esi sifo elifanele kuya kubhaliswa enyanzelekileyo.

Ngokuba lixesha bokuqala leishmaniasis isilwanyana eRashiya kwafunyaniswa ngo-1909. Olu daba nezinja eCaucasus. Ukususela ngo-2008 ukuya kowama-2010, amatyala 52 sale sifo izinja ziye e Ukraine.

epizootology

Isifo iqala kwizilwanyana ezisulelweyo okanye abantu. Izinambuzane kunye bloodsucking ukufumana amastigote, leyo aqalile ukuzala ngokukhutheleyo nakwa KwaZulu yakhe. iintsuku 8-10 amastigote similise ifomu yeli lizwe, ingakumbi apha nkawu iingcongconi kunye namacandelo phambi emathunjini. Ixesha elizayo niyalwa carrier amaphelo engena yegazi spinal aqale nokuzala. Nje ngosuku kwisisele kusenokuba iziqwenga ngaphezulu kwama-200 amostigot. iiseli ezinabantu parasite kutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo, amastigote azifakwa iiseli ezingabamelwane apho le nkqubo iphindiwe. Ngenxa yoko, leishmania e eluswini, lomongo wethambo, isibindi, iindawo nkovu okanye naziphi na ezinye izigqeba.

Ithuba okuthatha

Kuxhomekeka imilo ekliniki sisifo eyahlukileyo. Ithuba elisuke of leishmaniasis visceral elinokuthatha ukuya kuma kwiinyanga ezili-10, ukuphuhlisa ngokuthe ngcembe.

Ulusu Leishmaniasis okhula ngokukhawuleza, ixesha layo bafukanywe bufutshane kakhulu.

ubungqina

Isifo izilwanyana ezithandwa na ubudala kunye nesini. Kwizilwanyana ulutsha usaqala kunqabile ukubonisa iimpawu, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba isifo kade, kwaye ipesenti enkulu yokufa. Ezinye izifundo lubonisa ukuba semngciphekweni kakhulu izilwanyana leishmaniasis abaminyaka yobudala eyi-3-5.

Leishmaniasis kwizilwanyana, iifoto apho ingabonwa apha, olugcinwe yi-scheme zoqobo, echaphazela onke amalungu kunye kwiiseli ze isilwanyana.

leishmaniasis Cutaneous luqala imbonakalo maqhuqhuva kwisiza ophethe ezilumayo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi maqhuqhuva ayongena nezilonda. Sifo iindawo zaseprayimari izifo emhlabeni amehlo, ibhulorho impumlo kunye neendlebe zezilwanyana.

Kule fomu kwesi sifo nise ngababuthuntu kangangonyaka okanye nangaphezulu. Le nokufa kwesilwanyana ngeli thuba kunqabile kakhulu. leishmaniasis Visceral kwenzeka nzima kakhulu ngakumbi: kunokuba oyingozi okanye engapheliyo. Ukuba kukho naluphi na uhlobo ifiva, kukho ukudakumba jikelele weento ezizitho zine, kakhulu umzimba.

Kwangaxeshanye kunye neminye imiqondiso yokuba isigulane isilwanyana phambili conjunctivitis, ianemia, ukungacoleki sivame. Kukho inokuba ukukhubazeka okanye paresis, hemodynamics kakuhle kakhulu. Ekubeni phantsi kweempembelelo eziphilayo ekumfimfitheni kutshatyalaliswa kancinci, negazi okanye ezinetyhefu.

Ngexesha phindo lwe Leishmania landa kwesibindi, iindawo nkovu kunye udakada. Ifom nokoyika esi sifo ekuso ngakumbi esencinane. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukufa kwenzeka zingaphelanga iinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuba iimpawu zokuqala zesi sifo. iimeko Rare amacala achache.

Xa leishmaniasis visceral uhlobo someleza kancinane ubuthathaka emzimbeni wesilwanyana, landa nokudinwa. Ulusu blanch, inkanuko lifinyele. Kulo nyathelo, ungenza zingabonwa Ngokucofa udakada eyandisiweyo. A ukunyuka okungephi kobushushu kwenzeka. Ukuba amaqondo obushushu yandiswa ngokubonakalayo, libonisa ukuphakama sifo. Ikhondo kwesi sifo unokuthatha iinyanga ukuya ku-3.

anaemia, cachexia uqale ngexesha kuphuhliso sifo. Kwenzeka kwiindawo yangaphakathi abachatshazelwa yi necrosis. Kungahle isifo sentliziyo.

Leishmaniasis izilwanyana ngohlobo ulusu lwenzeka kwiintsuku 10-20. Ekuqaleni akukho papule sangqa malunga ne-3 cm. Emva nama-2 iiveki kunokwenzeka sele ukubona iziko necrotic engqongwe mqengqeleki isikhumba wangena kunye netuwa enkulu. Akasekude leyshmanomy lokuqala kwasekwa amaqhuma yesibini ijike ibe izilonda ezintsha. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, zonke izibetho bahlanganisane ukuze iziko enye enkulu. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo kwaye ngexesha kwezi izilonda ndiphilise phakathi kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, endaweni yawo, kusekho amanxeba ezibalulekileyo akuvamanga wambu iinwele kwakhona. La maqhuqhuva izilonda namaqonga phantse elula.

ukungaphili

Xa izifundo ngokwaneleyo ixesha elide sifo basengozini enkulu yokuba nephritis, diathesis, inyumoniya, agranulocytosis. Amathuba aphezulu suppurative necrotizing komtshiso oko. Ekubeni sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi ebalulekileyo umzimba kunokwenzeka umbono umonakalo omzimba vuhlayiseki.

ekuxilongweni

Xa leishmaniasis baqhube izifundo ezahlukeneyo ukuchonga arhente causative. Ngoko ke, uhlalutyo igazi epheleleyo ukuze ubonise okwandileyo ESR, igazi hypochromic, xi aphantsi ziiplatelets. Eziphilayo zibonisa hypergammaglobulinemia. leishmaniasis Cutaneous kwizilwanyana kwafunyaniswa ukuba emva kwaleli pathogen nezilonda kunye tubercles. Visceral Leishmania kubonakele kwiinkcubeko egazini. Kwezinye iimeko, umntu biopsy yenziwe ngamalungu ezahlukeneyo.

Izifundo epidemiological ukuvelisa isikhumba uvavanyo kunye leyshmaninom (Montenegro reaction).

Okwangoku, ukuphuhliswa iindlela ezintsha une leishmaniasis, ekubeni abo ezikhoyo ngoku, zifuna iindleko izinto ezibalulekileyo kwaye uthabathe ixesha elininzi.

Izilonda ne leishmaniasis ezifana nakujoliso olutsha kwi anthrax yirubhi, ngoko ukuxilongwa esuke ukunqanda phambi kwe arhente anthrax.

Outlook

Leishmaniasis kwizilwanyana abapasa wobulali, maxa wambi aphethe recovery elizimeleyo. Xa isifo ngexesha elifanelekileyo yezonyango yokungenelela ukupheliswa esihle esi sifo likhulu. Xa kakhulu, ukuba abosulelwe abantu sifo babuthathaka, xa kungekho kusenokwenzeka uncedo imithi ukufa. Leishmaniasis isikhumba njalo ishiya amanxeba okanye emibi.

unyango

izilwanyana Leishmaniasis abanyangwa ngamachiza kwistibhiya pentavalent. Olu hlobo amayeza "Glyukantima", "Solyusurmina" okanye "Neostibozana". Xa uhlobo visceral zesi sifo, la machiza zoshwankathelo zilawulwe yegazi iintsuku 7-10 kunye nokwanda kancinane idosi ekucetyiswa. Kwimeko ngempumelelo zaneleyo zonyango ukudibanisa "amphotericin B", oko kukuthi lesitofu kancinci yegazi xa zidityaniswe ne-5% isisombululo iswekile.

leishmaniasis Cutaneous kwizilwanyana kwibakala lwakwangoko iyanyangeka xa injecting hillocks "monomitsin" "Urotopinom". izitofu ezingakumbi ziye zenziwa amalungiselelo efanayo yokuthambisa. Ukuba isilonda sele kwasekwa, kuthetha intramuscular "Miramistin". Ukukhawulezisa inkqubo zokuqinisa izilonda, bubulumko ukusetyenziswa laser therapy.

iindlela elilalela in zesifo 'Pentamidine "yaye" amphotericin B ", nto leyo wabelwa resistance amatyala amaphelo ukuya imixube zemveli okanye kokuwela zokosuleleka.

Ukwenzela ukuphucula ukusebenza konyango zafakwa amayeza interferon wesigrike iphuhlisiwe ukuze unyango ngabantu.

Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu, kuyimfuneko ukuba aphilise ukususwa udakada intsumpa.

Nangona onke amanyathelo athathiweyo ukuphelisa esi sifo, nasemva recovery olupheleleyo pathogen yezilwanyana kulo mzimba leishmaniasis ayikwazi ziphele ngokupheleleyo.

ukuvimbela

Okwangoku, akukho ndlela eya agonye izilwanyana kunye nabantu. Yokukhuseleka ukulunywa Phlebotomus bubulumko ukusetyenziswa izinambuzane ezizodwa, yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa lwemfuyo.

Njengoko uthintelo leishmaniasis kwi iindawo ezisemngciphekweni, iindawo zokuhlala uyathinjwa iingcongconi wenza izakhiwo disinfestation.

Ekuchongeni esi sifo ezanyisayo basekhaya, abanini bayo wayamkela chemoprophylaxis "pyrimethamine."

Xa efumanise sifo kwizilwanyana zasendle ukuze kunqandwe ukutshatyalaliswa yezi zilwanyana Kucetyiswa ukuba ukugqiba ekuvalweni izidumbu zabo.

Nezimo zengqondo abantu

ngabantu abangaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-350 ezikhoyo ngokunje kwi ingozi yosulelo. Nakujoliso olutsha of leishmaniasis zisasazwa indawo enkulu ka-Asia naseYurophu. Kwiinkalo ngeenkalo njengezazisi leishmaniasis - ephila izinambuzane igazi-owanyayo apho. Amatyala leishmaniasis visceral Ibhaliswe ku Ukraine, North Ossetia, emaqeleni iCrimea, ezintabeni eCaucasus kunye nezinye iingingqi.

Esi sifo ayihambi ngqo isilwanyana emntwini, kodwa xa usulelo prophylaxis lokuqala Kucetyiswa abantu, ngenxa yokuba esi sifo ibonisa ubukho abathwali yayo.

imiphumela

Leishmaniasis - ezi zifo, ezo musa ukhuphe izilwa-buhlungu. Ngako oko, izilwanyana ezigulayo okanye umntu yaye okwesibini nesahlulo sesithathu. Noko ke, iimeko ezinjalo zinqabile kakhulu, ngoko akunakwenzeka ukuba isilwanyana inokuphila usulelo ngaphezulu ezimbini ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Ukuthintela ukuphinda iziyobisi sifo Kucetyiswa ukuba unyango, isicelo qho emva kweenyanga ezintandathu. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa rhoqo enjalo kukhokelela kuphuhliso kweelana eziphilayo kunye neziphumo ityhefu.

Emva kokuba sifo isilwanyana kufuneka ibe kwimo ende, njengoko kwimeko nokususwa buso okanye epheleleyo izidumbu kufuneka intsumpa itye.

Leishmaniasis izilwanyana - kuyingozi kakhulu kwaye sifo singanyangekiyo, ngoko abahlala kwiindawo ezihlelelekileyo kufuneka esweni ngenyameko ukuba isilwanyana inkangeleko iimpawu zokuqala (okanye urhano lwesifo) ukuba ngexesha lokuba libonelele ngoncedo oluyimfuneko.