Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon? Iphi na kwipali ebandayo kumntla ikhweyitha?

kwipali Cold ye kumntla ikhweyitha ise kwindawo imozulu kabukhali yezwekazi. Ukuze ilungelo ekuthiwa ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, ekhala isixeko Verkhoyansk nemizana Oymyakon, inxalenye yeRiphabliki of Sakha (Yakutia). Kutsha wahambisana imbambano ityala Tomtor, ibekwe km-20 ukusuka kwidolophana Oymyakon.

Extreme Yakutia: isishwankathelo

Indawo esikuyo yelizwe (ngasentla nangasezantsi le Arctic Circle - 66 ° 33'44 ") kunye umgama esifanele siwutsibe ukusuka nemisinga efudumeleyo (i-Gulf Stream) sichazwe bubukho kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi, ngoko ke kwipali ebandayo kumntla ikhweyitha apho. Extreme nemisinga ingongoma kwiriphabliki umi promontory Noordwijk (74 ° N ..), ekumzantsi - lowo umda kunye kummandla Amur kwezibonelelo (55 ° N ..).

The Republic of Sakha (okanye Sakha Respublikata Yakut) - enkulu kummandla iqumrhu lolawulo-ndawo, iRussia kuphela, kodwa ihlabathi liphela, nee-akhawunti phantse isihlanu Russian Federation (Yakutia - million 3.1 ezikwere zeekhilomitha, lo Russian Federation - ngaphezu kwezigidi 17.1 ezikwere zeekhilomitha ).

Ezingamashumi amane ekhulwini kummandla kwiriphabliki bukaThixo ise-Arctic, oko kukuthi, ngaphezu Arctic Circle.

Yakutia - yi-25% ye-idayimani eziveliswa ehlabathini, yaye ngenxa yabo bakhetha ukunxiba izivatho bazizityebi kwaye ngoko bakhanyiselwa kwezi zinto ehlabathini fashionista.

Abemi ephambili kwiriphabliki - Yakut (phantse 46%), Russian (phantse 42%), Ukraine, (4%), Evenki (2%) Evens (nje kwama-1%). Inani lilonke labemi - abantu nje phantsi kwesigidi.

Imozulu kwiriphabliki, apho Northern saseNtla kwipali abandayo

Kuphela iimeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo kungachazwa kukuba kwipali abandayo use Yakutia. imozulu kakhulu zwekazi neyasezantsi kwiriphabliki engena Arctic, uze emva koko kwi-Arctic kunxweme ye-Arctic Ocean.

Ngobulali nesihlobo amaqondo obushushu ebusika (-35 ...- 25 ° C), umoya, kunxweme kumantla ukufuma asifani iimeko lwezwekazi kummandla Yakutia, kufuphi Arctic Circle kunye nomzantsi. Amaqondo obushushu ebusika ziyahluka ukuba inxalenye becala ku ezahlukene -55 ...- 35 ° C, kwaye ikhephu mncinane - iisentimitha amathathu kuphela. Loo simanga njengoko kwenkungu ebandayo (ziikristale amancinci), efunyanwa kulo kwinxalenye lwezwekazi weRiphabliki Sakha.

Le ndawo abanda kale ibekwe kufuphi Verkhoyansk kunye Ojmjakon apho lobushushu lingehla ku -70 ° C. Ihlobo izalathisi ubushushu (nakuba okomzuzwana) kuthe kwesuka umntu +30 ° C. Wonyaka lobushushu kumahlandinyuka (ikhulu degrees) zange iqatshelwe nayiphi na enye indawo yomhlaba.

Verkhoyansk - ngokusemthethweni wayeyiqonda Northern saseNtla kwipali abandayo

Verhoyanskay (Yakut) - omnye kakhulu lasemantla (i-Arctic Circle), kunye nani lincinane lemizi Russian (i eyesithathu ekupheleni); bahlala abantu 1.150 kuphela. Uyakwazi ukufikelela oko ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: moya yokuqala ukusuka eMoscow ukuya Yakutsk, ngoko zabakhweli inqwelomoya phezu komlambo Lena kunye Verkhoyansk Range ukuya kwilali Batagai (oko embindini Verkhoyansk ulus (zesithili)), ilandelwe yi priming ku Verkhoyansk. Airfield edolophini, okanye mandithi, ayikasebenzi - yavalwa kunye ekuweni USSR.

Ubomi esinzima iinyanga ezisixhenxe zonyaka (Oktobha ukuya ku April) ebusika, ithemometha lihla thabatha 67 degrees to Celsius.

Spring ikhephu uqala ukunyibilika, yaye ukuba umntu akazi Stock chibi ice (apha inani elikhulu kwabo), ngelo xesha kuya kubakho nto usele - amanzi bunyibilike Kusibekele, kodwa lokuloba elibalaseleyo.
Verhojansk imbali yayo njenge yokuhlala Cossack, ngoko yaba yindawo bathinjwa amabanjwa ezininzi ezopolitiko. Omnye wabo, S. F. Kovalik, kunyaka 1885, Januwari elinesihlanu, obhalisiweyo (abhalwe kulindixesha zemozulu kwisitishi kujongwa) ubushushu umoya ubuncinane kwi -67,1 ° C. A lobushushu aphantsi kubonisiwe ngo-1892: -67,8 ° C. Ngowe-2005, emva kokuba Ngokushicilela amaqondo obushushu asezantsi kumntla ikhweyitha, abasemagunyeni isixeko endiyimisileyo nelitye.

Verkhoyanskiy Museum of History Local "Pole of Cold"

Ukususela ngo-1957, isikolo (yena wayeyedwa kweso sixeko) waqalisa ukuqokelela imiboniso kwi kwimbali mmandla. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kukho imyuziyam imbali yendawo namhlanje. Lo mboniso Museum - "kwipali ngengqele Northern saseNtla Russia" - umlinganiswa ngembali izinto ezizodwa aerogidrometeorologicheskoy isikhululo kuvulwa Verkhoyansk.

Le myuziyam kwakhona ukubonisa umdla yezinto bezenkcubeko elilifa Verkhoyansk Yakuts kunye yokuhlala yamandulo - yurt - ukuseta ecaleni nesakhiwo esikhulu.

Ojmjakon kutheni abakhenkethi ukuya apho

Igama elisemthethweni - kwipali ebandayo kumntla ikhweyitha - kwaye uthi Ojmjakon. Le lali ifumaneka ngezantsi kwe Arctic Circle, kodwa kukho nto inzima kakhulu ngakumbi ebusika Verkhoyansk. Oymyakon Village ise kwintlambo entabeni, apho ebusuku umoya obandayo somthi esibuyiselweyo stagnates apho, nto leyo echaza isikhundla kwipali yokubanda Northern saseNtla, nangona ngokomthetho. Imigqaliselo zemozulu bangabi kuqhutywa kwidolophana Oymyakon, kwaye kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya kwegama elifanayo (40 km ukusuka elalini 2 km ukusuka kwidolophana Tomtor).

Njengoko kwipali ebandayo kumntla ikhweyitha, Ojmjakon kakuhle ngabakhenkethi isebenza kakhulu ngaphezu Verhojansk moya negalelo ekuphumeleleni ngokukhawuleza le njongo.
Elalini Tomtor (apho ukuba ukhonza iminyaka emibini yokugqibela umbhali ekuthinjweni V. Shalamov) ngonyaka intlanganiso wabakhenkethi, yaye Oimyakon ngonyaka ukuqokelela ukuhlanganisana Santas.

Izikolo zavalwa ebusika xa amaqondo obushushu uwela -56 ° C.

Igama Oymyakon lithetha "non-ukukhenkcisa amanzi '- nokuba jest, okanye imbeko ngumthombo ashushu.

Izazinzulu sekunjalo isigqibo kuyo umzi kufuneka ngokuba kwipali ebandayo kumntla ikhweyitha; nokuba Ojmjakon okanye Tomtor okanye Verkhoyansk.